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Hardiness

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Hardiness is a personality characteristic that allows individuals to defend against the negative effects of stress. It consists of three components: a sense of control over one's life, a strong commitment to tasks or goals, and viewing challenges as opportunities for growth. Kobasa studied business executives and found those with high stress but low illness scored higher on hardiness traits than those with high stress and illness, suggesting hardiness helps defend against stress. However, the research relied on self-reports and could be affected by third variables like exercise of control to relax.

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Hardiness A set of personality characteristics that allow the individual to defend against the negative effects of stress
The 3 C’s of hardiness Control • Strong sense of control over events in their life, can overcome their experiences Commitment • Highly committed and involved in tasks, strong sense of purpose Challenge • View life events as challenges to overcome – change is an opportunity for development
Research into the ‘hardy’ personality Aim: To investigate whether a ‘hardy’ personality impacts on an individuals ability to defend against the negative effects of stress Procedure: Kobasa studied 800 American business executives using the SRRS – 150 of these were identified as having high stress levels, some with a low illness and other with a high illness record. There must be something different about these 2 groups Gave the 150 participants a hardiness questionnaire
Research into the ‘hardy’ personality Findings: • High stress/low illness participants scored highly on all 3 characteristics of hardiness • High stress/high illness scored much lower • Suggesting that the hardy personality type is linked to stress levels and that hardiness defends against the negative effects of stress! Conclusion: Kobasa concluded the ‘hardy’ personality encourages resilience and helps an individual to cope with stress
Hardiness A02 P • Further evidence supports Kobasa’s findings • e.g. Lifton et al (2006) found that low hardiness was E disproportionately represented amongst university drop-outs • This is a strength because it supports Kobasa’s findings E that a person scoring highly for hardiness is more successful in coping with stress
Hardiness A02 • Kobasa’s research relied on self-report P methods • e.g. Some participants might provide false E information in an attempt to appear more stressed/relaxed in response to social desirability • This is a weakness because the study may not E actually be measuring what it intends to, the research has low internal validity
Hardiness A02 P • Kobasa’s research could be affected by a third variable • e.g. ‘hardy’ people might exercise the control E element of their personality to ensure they have relaxation time to offset the stress • This is a weakness because the relationship between E hardiness and someone's ability to cope with stress might not be a direct as first assumed

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Hardiness

  • 1. Hardiness A set of personality characteristics that allow the individual to defend against the negative effects of stress
  • 2. The 3 C’s of hardiness Control • Strong sense of control over events in their life, can overcome their experiences Commitment • Highly committed and involved in tasks, strong sense of purpose Challenge • View life events as challenges to overcome – change is an opportunity for development
  • 3. Research into the ‘hardy’ personality Aim: To investigate whether a ‘hardy’ personality impacts on an individuals ability to defend against the negative effects of stress Procedure: Kobasa studied 800 American business executives using the SRRS – 150 of these were identified as having high stress levels, some with a low illness and other with a high illness record. There must be something different about these 2 groups Gave the 150 participants a hardiness questionnaire
  • 4. Research into the ‘hardy’ personality Findings: • High stress/low illness participants scored highly on all 3 characteristics of hardiness • High stress/high illness scored much lower • Suggesting that the hardy personality type is linked to stress levels and that hardiness defends against the negative effects of stress! Conclusion: Kobasa concluded the ‘hardy’ personality encourages resilience and helps an individual to cope with stress
  • 5. Hardiness A02 P • Further evidence supports Kobasa’s findings • e.g. Lifton et al (2006) found that low hardiness was E disproportionately represented amongst university drop-outs • This is a strength because it supports Kobasa’s findings E that a person scoring highly for hardiness is more successful in coping with stress
  • 6. Hardiness A02 • Kobasa’s research relied on self-report P methods • e.g. Some participants might provide false E information in an attempt to appear more stressed/relaxed in response to social desirability • This is a weakness because the study may not E actually be measuring what it intends to, the research has low internal validity
  • 7. Hardiness A02 P • Kobasa’s research could be affected by a third variable • e.g. ‘hardy’ people might exercise the control E element of their personality to ensure they have relaxation time to offset the stress • This is a weakness because the relationship between E hardiness and someone's ability to cope with stress might not be a direct as first assumed