Hazardous waste management (2)
- 1. HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Humda Mehmood (12021561-007) Maira Mohsin (12021561-006) Iqra Tanveer (12021561-041) Zareen Gull (12021561-002) Angbeen (12021561-024) Saeeda Khaliq (12021561-039)
- 2. •Introduction •Types of Waste •Hazardous Waste Management •Handling & Storage •Waste Identification Process •Status of Hazardous Waste Management in Pakistan Media •Status of LAW of Hazardous Waste In Pakistan •Conclusion & Recommendations Table of Contents
- 3. Waste according to Regulation of Exports and Imports Act 1989, if possess these characteristics then termed as Hazardous Waste •Explosive •Flammable Liquids/Solids •Poisonous •Toxic •Ecotoxic •Infectious substances. Introduction
- 4. •Asbestos •chemicals for e.g. brake fluid or print toner •batteries •solvents •pesticides •oils (except edible ones) for e.g. car oil •equipment containing ozone depleting substances for e.g. fridges Examples of Hazardous Waste
- 5. Types of Waste Listed waste Characteristic waste Universal waste Mixed waste
- 6. Wastes that EPA has determined are hazardous. The lists includes the • F-list (wastes from common manufacturing and industrial processes) •K-list (wastes from specific industries) • P- and U-lists (wastes from commercial chemical products). Listed Waste
- 7. •This list identifies wastes from common manufacturing and industrial processes •such as solvents that have been used in cleaning or degreasing operations. Because the processes producing these wastes can occur in different sectors of industry, • the F-listed wastes are known as wastes from non-specific sources. The F-list Waste
- 8. •This list includes certain wastes from specific industries, such as petroleum refining or pesticide manufacturing. •Certain sludges and wastewaters from treatment and production processes • These industries are examples of source-specific wastes The K-list Wastes
- 9. •These lists include specific commercial chemical products in an unused form. •Some pesticides and some pharmaceutical products become hazardous waste when discarded. •These are also termed as discarded commercial chemical products. The P-list and the U-list
- 10. CHARACTERISTIC WASTES: The waste exhibiting these characteristics is termed as characteristic waste Ignitability Corrosivity Reactivity Toxicity
- 11. Following discarded substances are termed as Universal waste •Batteries, •pesticides, •mercury-containing equipment (e.g., thermostats) • lamps (e.g., fluorescent bulbs). UNIVERSAL WASTES
- 12. Mixed waste contain radioactive as well as other hazardous components •Two acts are dealing with mixed waste management 1. RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act ) 2. AEA (Atomic Energy Act) MIXED WASTES
- 13. •The collection, treatment, and disposal of waste material that when improperly handled can cause substantial harm to human health and safety or to the environment. •Hazardous wastes can take the form of solids, liquids, sludge’s, or contained gases •They are generated primarily by chemical production, manufacturing, and other industrial activities. HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
- 14. They may cause damage during inadequate •Storage •Transportation • treatment •disposal operations. HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
- 15. •Improper hazardous-waste storage or disposal frequently contaminates surface and groundwater supplies. •People living in homes built near old and abandoned waste disposal sites may be in a particularly vulnerable position. • In an effort to remedy existing problems and to prevent future harm from hazardous wastes, governments closely regulate the practice of hazardous-waste management. EFFECTS OF INAPPROPRIATE MANAGEMENT
- 18. Hazardous materials are not disposed off down the drain or in regular trash receptacles. They are put into proper and compatible containers that can be securely sealed. Compatible container materials ensure that wastes will not react with or corrode them. The containers are not completely filled; a “head space” allows for waste expansion. The sealed containers are labeled with the name and hazard class of the waste along with the words ‘Hazardous Waste’ and the date it was generated. STORAGE AND HANDLING
- 19. Waste containers are stored in a secure manner and protected from extreme environments. They are segregated and stored in compatible hazard classes (flammable, Explosive, corrosive, Toxic or oxidizers, etc.) to prevent hazardous reactions if the wastes combine. The containers are closed during storage, except when adding or removing waste. Proper handling and storage of waste containers can prevent ruptures, overturns, or other failures. STORAGE AND HANDLING
- 20. They should not be stacked or handled in a manner that could cause them to fail. Some flammable material containers may require grounding and containers should be seismically secured, if possible, to prevent spills in an earthquake. Waste storage time limits vary depending on the facility or material. STORAGE AND HANDLING
- 21. Hazardous Waste Characterization Scoping Study Hazardous Waste Identification Studies – Solvents and Selected Petroleum Refining Residuals Report to Congress on RCRA Hazardous Waste Identification of Methamphetamine Production Process By-products WASTE IDENTIFICATION PROCESS
- 22. •According to some environmentalists in the ministry, Pakistan has become the dumping ground for hazardous waste such as hospital waste, e-waste and many kinds of used oils. •major dumping cities are Karachi, Gujranwala and Faisalabad etc. STATUS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MEDIA
- 23. •But what really worried environmentalists with the ministry were unabated imports of arsenic substances and materials. •Imports of all kinds of arsenic substances are banned in Pakistan. But they are still imported under different trade names. •Arsenic trisulphate is one example extensively used in Unani medicines. Importers avoid using generic names that would otherwise alert customs. STATUS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MEDIA
- 24. •The ministry maintained no database on importers and how hazardous wastes were handled once it landed in the country. •There is no monitoring mechanism to visit sites where importers dumped dangerous waste. It depends on provincial Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) to keep a watchful eye. STATUS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MEDIA
- 25. •Pakistan restricts the export of hazardous wastes and other wastes for final disposal. •The amendment to the Basel Convention has not been implemented in Pakistan. STATUS OF LAW OF HAZARDOUS WASTE IN PAKISTAN
- 26. According to Section 14 (Handling of Hazardous Substances) of Pakistan Environmental Protection Act - 1997 "subject to the provisions of this Act, no person shall generate, collect, consign, transport, treat, dispose of, store, handle or import any hazardous substance except; (a) under a license issued by the Federal Agency and in such manner as may be prescribed; or (b) in accordance with the provisions of any other law for the time being in force, or of any international treaty, convention, protocol, code, standard, agreement or other instrument to which Pakistan is a party. STATUS OF LAW OF HAZARDOUS WASTE IN PAKISTAN
- 27. So Pakistan is restricting import of hazardous waste under the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997
- 28. •raising awareness about consequences caused by solid waste pollution, role of government sector, NGO’s, Private sector collectively for solid waste management •legislation should be done which would be effective and find ways to implement it effectively •application of 3R’s (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse) concept in solid waste management. Conclusion and Recommendations
- 29. •House to house collection of solid waste should be organized. •Littering of solid waste should be prohibited in cities, towns and urban areas. •Proper segregation would be vital for scientific disposal of waste. •Developing legal framework and national guidelines for solid waste management that includes waste management rules and basic recycling rules. Conclusion and Recommendations
- 31. Questions are guaranteed in life … Answers are not :p