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Hazardous waste management

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Ugrasen Gulshan

STUDY FOLLOWING WASTE MINIMIZATION TECHNICS: 1)Waste minimization 2)Detoxification and neutralization of waste by treatment 3)Destructure of combustible waste by incineration 4)Solidification of sludge and ash. 5)Disposal of residues in landfills

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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED BY-UGRASEN KUMAR ENROLLMENT NO.-1500100936 MTECH ENVIROMENTAL ENGG.
CONTENT :- 1. INTRODUCTION 2. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY 3. SOURCE OF HAZARDOUS WASTE 4. CHARACTERISTIC OF HAZARDOUS WASTE 5. EFFECT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE 6. HAZARDOUS WASTE STATEGIES 7. STUDY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE 8. METHOD OF DISSPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE 9. LITERATURE REVIEW 10. LEGAL CONTROL ACT 11. CONCLUSION 12. REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION :- Hazardous waste is waste that is dangerous or potentially harmful to our health or the environment. Hazardous wastes can be liquids, solids, gases, or sludge's. They can be discarded commercial products, like cleaning fluids or pesticides, or the by-products of manufacturing processes.  It may Cause increase in mortality or serve illness,  Hazardous-waste management, the collection, treatment, and disposal of waste material that, when improperly handled, can cause substantial harm to human health and safety or to the environment.  they are generated primarily by chemical production, manufacturing, and other industrial activities.
OBJECTIVE OF STUDY :-  Waste minimization  Detoxification and neutralization of waste by treatment  Destructure of combustible waste by incineration  Solidification of sludge and ash.  Disposal of residues in landfills Waste minimization step https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_minimisation
Solid Waste Non- Hazardous Waste Municipal Solid Waste Industrial Waste C & D Medical Special Treatment Hazardous Waste Household Waste Industrial Waste Listed Universal Characteristic Mixedhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Solid_Waste_Types.jpg SOURCE OF HAZARDOUS WASTE :-
Characteristics of Hazardous Waste:- There are four basic characteristic of hazardous waste:- 1)Ignitability 2)Reactivity 3)Corrositivity 4)Toxicity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/characteristicofhaz.waste
EFFECT :-  GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION  SOIL CONTAMINATION  DANGER TO HABITATS,FLORA-FAUNA DUE TO TOXICITY Commercial and Industrial Waste (C&I) 37% Excavation Waste (E) 20% Construction & Demolition (C&D) 11% Agricultural Waste <1% Local Authority Collected Waste 29% Hazardous Waste 3% PRINCIPAL WASTES U.P POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
Hazardous waste strategies:-  Prevention is better than disposal or clean up  Bioremediation (with bacteria) / phytoremediation (with plants)  Incineration  Deep well disposal  Surface impoundments  Secure landfills
Hazardous waste management in India  Hazardous As per the CPCB estimates, twelve states of the country (Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamilnadu, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Rajasthan) account for 97 % of total waste generation.  The top four waste generating states are Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamilnadu. As there is wide variation in the quantity and nature of waste generated across states and Union Territories (UTs) and also considering the wide variation in the climatic as well as hydrogeological conditions in different regions of the country, the approach to waste management is essentially state specific.  AT Present, there are Common, Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities(TSDFs) which are developed for the disposal of land disposable hazardous waste at 22 different places at 10 states i.e. at Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab Tata Energy Research Institute
PRESENT STATUS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE IN U.P :- U.P POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD NO.OF INDUSTRIES IDENTIFIED 2,148 TOTAL HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATED 1,37,672 MTA RECYCLABLE WASTE- 84,377 MTA INCINERABLE WASTE- 18,953 MTA DISPOSABLE IN SECURED LANDFILL(SLF) 34,342 MTA
CASE STUDY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE :-  Case studies from Gujarat illustrating adverse impact of hazardous wastes  The Ahmedabad-Vadodara-Surat industrial belt has over 2,000 industrial units in the organised and fertilisers. Vapi in Valsad district has around 1,800 units of which 450 fall in category of polluting industries. Industries in all these areas usually dump their wastes in low laying areas within 2 km radius.  As a result, a major illegal dump yard has sprung up on the banks of river Daman Ganga. Indian Petrochemical Corporation Limited (IPCL) at Vadodara dumps 1,800 tonnes of hazardous wastes every month sector and more than 63,000 small scale units manufacturing chemicals like soda ash, dyes, yarns at a site near Nandesari. The IPCL dumpsite is on hill. During rainy season, the hazardous constituents of these wastes are washed down into the river.  Case studies from Maharashtra illustrating adverse impact of hazardous wastes  The Thane-Bealpur industrial area, in Maharashtra where about 1200 industrial units are housed on a 20 km stretch close to new Mumbai creates more than 100 tonnes of solid waste every day. About 85% of this waste is either acidic or alkaline in nature. The area also produces 5 tonnes of waste every day, which is difficult to treat because of its halogen content. The bulk of hazardous waste in this area is co-disposed with municipal waste in municipal waste dumpsites. The water bodies in the vicinity of this industrial area are polluted. The sediment in the Ulhas river has registered high levels of mercury and arsenic. Ulhas river empties into Thane Creek at its northern end. As a result, Thane Creek is one of the most polluted seawaters in the country. Source: Shankar, Martin, Bhatt and Erkman 1994
STUDY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL AT KANPUR- DEHAT,SAHIBADAD INDUSTRIAL AREA,GHAZIABAD IN U.P :- KANPUR-DEHAT,SAHIBADAD INDUSTRIAL AREA,GHAZIABAD IN U.P Direct Landfill Treatment, Stabilization, Landfill Incineration – Rotary Kiln – Dual Chamber Biodegradable Organics < 6% Biodegradable Organics < 6% Biodegradable Organics >= 6% Non-biodegradable Organics < 20% No Toxics Non-biodegradable Organics < 20%. Has Toxics, Inorganic – Metals Non-biodegradable Organics >= 20% Solid or Semi-Solid Solid or Semi-Solid Solid, Semi-Solid or Liquid Calorific Value < 3000 Kcal/Kg Calorific Value < 3000 Kcal/Kg Calorific Value >= 3000 Kcal/Kg
ESTIMATED AVG. COMPOSITION OF SOLID WASTE IN LUCKNOW,2011:- Lucknow Solid Waste Management Department
STATUS OF COMMON DISPOSAL FACILITIES  TSDFs IN OPERATION -03  KUMBHI, KANPUR DEHAT -2 No  BANTHAR,UNNAO -1 No  TSDF Capacity Exhausted -1 NO ROOMA, KANPUR (S.L.F.) : SIZE OF CELL 115m x 115mx 3.5m CAPACITY OF CELL IN OPERATION 20,000 MT BEING RUN BY KANPUR NAGAR NIGAM CAPACITY EXHAUSTED, NOT IN USE. KUMBHI-KANPUR DEHAT (M/S RAMKY ENVIRO LTD.) KANPUR-DEHAT,SAHIBADAD INDUSTRIAL AREA,GHAZIABAD IN U.P
 RECYCLING OF HAZARDOUS WASTE  INCINERATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE  DISPOSAL IN SECURED LAND FILL (SLF)  DISPOSAL IN CEMENT KILNS FOR INCINERABLE WASTE METHOD OF FINAL DISPOSAL OF HAZARODUS WASTE:-
Huge quantity of hazardous waste from basic chrome sulphate units dumped at Khanpur village, Kanpur Dehat :- U.P POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
LITERATURE REVIEW :  Being an industrializing country, India’s contribution to the generation of hazardous is being considered significant. The waste is generated from a wide spectrum of industries in the country. The management of these wastes poses many challenges for the industry and the government as well. Policy and legislative frameworks have been put in place while a host of international programmes are supplementing national efforts in containing the problem. The article provides an overview of the hazardous waste management scenario in India. by Tata Energy Research Institute (Centre Lodhi Road New Delhi)  This review we can conclude that increases in risk of adverse health effects have been reported near individual landfill site sand in some multisite studies. Although biases and confounding factors cannot be excluded as explanations for these findings, the findings may indicate real risks associated with residence near certain landfill sites.  Research into the health effects of landfill sites is relatively immature, and further research could improve our current The presence of large quantities of mixtures of potentially hazardous chemicals in landfill sites close to residential populations has increasingly caused concern.  Concerns have led to a substantial number of studies on the health effects associated with landfill sites. Martine Vryheid (Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health)
Suggestions/recommendations  The strategy required to ensure scientific management of hazardous waste whose generation is expected to increase due to our liberalized economic policies should encompass training and institutional strengthening in all aspects of waste management cycles starting from its generation to its handling, segregation, transportation, treatment, and disposal.  The strategy should also target waste minimization/reduction as its primary focus, a particularly important point in view of stricter.  As per the Waste Management Rules,1989, and the MoEF’s Guidelines(1991), hazardous waste generated by industries has to be disposed of in secured landfills and the toxic organic fraction of the waste needs to be incinerated  Currently, there are 116 hazardous waste incinerators in the country and 11 engineered landfills in operation all of which are located in Gujarat.  As per the information provided by the MoEF, there are 323 hazardous waste recycling units in India; Tata Energy Research Institute
Initiatives taken for hazardous waste management : Hazardous waste management need to scientific disposal of waste and policies to encourage waste minimisation and adoption of cleaner technologies Various activities initiated by the Government of India to meet these objectives are listed below  State governments are in process of identifying hazardous waste disposal sites based on EIA of the potential sites  Training programmes have been organized for concerned personnel ports and the Customs and in pollution control boards  It has been decided to impose ban on the import of hazardous wastes containing beryllium, selenium, chromium (hexavalent), thallium, pesticides, herbicides  In order to control the movement of Basel Wastes, the export and import of cyanide wastes and mercury- and arsenic-bearing wastes has been banned from December 1996. Tata Energy Research Institute
LEGAL CONTROL ACT :-  WATER PROTECTION ACT, 1974  AIR PROTECTION ACT, 1981  ENV. PROTECTION ACT 1986  HAZARDOUS WASTE (Management, Handling & Trans boundary Movement) RULES 2008 COMMON SLF AT KUMBHI, KANPUR DEHAT,Of U.P. Waste Management Ltd.
CONCLUSION:-  Key to proper design of HWTC is system flexibility to adjust to hazardous waste quatities and properties over times.  Enforcement of environment law and regulation  implementation of hazardous wastes management regulations n Establishment of proper hazardous waste treatment and disposal facilities for controlling the unscientific disposal of hazardous waste.
REFERENCES:-  HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL IN THE STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH by U. P. Pollution control board.  Kumbhi-kanpur dehat (m/s ramky enviro ltd.) Site  Http://www.Dtsc.Ca.Gov/hazardouswaste/universalwaste/  Hazardous waste management: canadian direction: stephanie meakin.  Hazardous waste management in india: b.V. Babu and V. Ramakrishna  The hazardous materials (management, handling and trans boundary movement) rules, 2007.  Status report on management of hazardous waste in india: t. Chakrabarti, M.P. Patel & sukumar devotta  Basel convention on the control of trans boundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal  Health effects of residence near hazardous waste landfill sites: A review of epidemiologic literature martine vryheid  Tata energy research institute darbari seth block habitat place india habitat centre lodhi road
Hazardous waste management

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Hazardous waste management

  • 1. HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED BY-UGRASEN KUMAR ENROLLMENT NO.-1500100936 MTECH ENVIROMENTAL ENGG.
  • 2. CONTENT :- 1. INTRODUCTION 2. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY 3. SOURCE OF HAZARDOUS WASTE 4. CHARACTERISTIC OF HAZARDOUS WASTE 5. EFFECT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE 6. HAZARDOUS WASTE STATEGIES 7. STUDY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE 8. METHOD OF DISSPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE 9. LITERATURE REVIEW 10. LEGAL CONTROL ACT 11. CONCLUSION 12. REFERENCES
  • 3. INTRODUCTION :- Hazardous waste is waste that is dangerous or potentially harmful to our health or the environment. Hazardous wastes can be liquids, solids, gases, or sludge's. They can be discarded commercial products, like cleaning fluids or pesticides, or the by-products of manufacturing processes.  It may Cause increase in mortality or serve illness,  Hazardous-waste management, the collection, treatment, and disposal of waste material that, when improperly handled, can cause substantial harm to human health and safety or to the environment.  they are generated primarily by chemical production, manufacturing, and other industrial activities.
  • 4. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY :-  Waste minimization  Detoxification and neutralization of waste by treatment  Destructure of combustible waste by incineration  Solidification of sludge and ash.  Disposal of residues in landfills Waste minimization step https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_minimisation
  • 5. Solid Waste Non- Hazardous Waste Municipal Solid Waste Industrial Waste C & D Medical Special Treatment Hazardous Waste Household Waste Industrial Waste Listed Universal Characteristic Mixedhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Solid_Waste_Types.jpg SOURCE OF HAZARDOUS WASTE :-
  • 6. Characteristics of Hazardous Waste:- There are four basic characteristic of hazardous waste:- 1)Ignitability 2)Reactivity 3)Corrositivity 4)Toxicity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/characteristicofhaz.waste
  • 7. EFFECT :-  GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION  SOIL CONTAMINATION  DANGER TO HABITATS,FLORA-FAUNA DUE TO TOXICITY Commercial and Industrial Waste (C&I) 37% Excavation Waste (E) 20% Construction & Demolition (C&D) 11% Agricultural Waste <1% Local Authority Collected Waste 29% Hazardous Waste 3% PRINCIPAL WASTES U.P POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
  • 8. Hazardous waste strategies:-  Prevention is better than disposal or clean up  Bioremediation (with bacteria) / phytoremediation (with plants)  Incineration  Deep well disposal  Surface impoundments  Secure landfills
  • 9. Hazardous waste management in India  Hazardous As per the CPCB estimates, twelve states of the country (Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamilnadu, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Rajasthan) account for 97 % of total waste generation.  The top four waste generating states are Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamilnadu. As there is wide variation in the quantity and nature of waste generated across states and Union Territories (UTs) and also considering the wide variation in the climatic as well as hydrogeological conditions in different regions of the country, the approach to waste management is essentially state specific.  AT Present, there are Common, Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities(TSDFs) which are developed for the disposal of land disposable hazardous waste at 22 different places at 10 states i.e. at Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab Tata Energy Research Institute
  • 10. PRESENT STATUS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE IN U.P :- U.P POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD NO.OF INDUSTRIES IDENTIFIED 2,148 TOTAL HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATED 1,37,672 MTA RECYCLABLE WASTE- 84,377 MTA INCINERABLE WASTE- 18,953 MTA DISPOSABLE IN SECURED LANDFILL(SLF) 34,342 MTA
  • 11. CASE STUDY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE :-  Case studies from Gujarat illustrating adverse impact of hazardous wastes  The Ahmedabad-Vadodara-Surat industrial belt has over 2,000 industrial units in the organised and fertilisers. Vapi in Valsad district has around 1,800 units of which 450 fall in category of polluting industries. Industries in all these areas usually dump their wastes in low laying areas within 2 km radius.  As a result, a major illegal dump yard has sprung up on the banks of river Daman Ganga. Indian Petrochemical Corporation Limited (IPCL) at Vadodara dumps 1,800 tonnes of hazardous wastes every month sector and more than 63,000 small scale units manufacturing chemicals like soda ash, dyes, yarns at a site near Nandesari. The IPCL dumpsite is on hill. During rainy season, the hazardous constituents of these wastes are washed down into the river.  Case studies from Maharashtra illustrating adverse impact of hazardous wastes  The Thane-Bealpur industrial area, in Maharashtra where about 1200 industrial units are housed on a 20 km stretch close to new Mumbai creates more than 100 tonnes of solid waste every day. About 85% of this waste is either acidic or alkaline in nature. The area also produces 5 tonnes of waste every day, which is difficult to treat because of its halogen content. The bulk of hazardous waste in this area is co-disposed with municipal waste in municipal waste dumpsites. The water bodies in the vicinity of this industrial area are polluted. The sediment in the Ulhas river has registered high levels of mercury and arsenic. Ulhas river empties into Thane Creek at its northern end. As a result, Thane Creek is one of the most polluted seawaters in the country. Source: Shankar, Martin, Bhatt and Erkman 1994
  • 12. STUDY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL AT KANPUR- DEHAT,SAHIBADAD INDUSTRIAL AREA,GHAZIABAD IN U.P :- KANPUR-DEHAT,SAHIBADAD INDUSTRIAL AREA,GHAZIABAD IN U.P Direct Landfill Treatment, Stabilization, Landfill Incineration – Rotary Kiln – Dual Chamber Biodegradable Organics < 6% Biodegradable Organics < 6% Biodegradable Organics >= 6% Non-biodegradable Organics < 20% No Toxics Non-biodegradable Organics < 20%. Has Toxics, Inorganic – Metals Non-biodegradable Organics >= 20% Solid or Semi-Solid Solid or Semi-Solid Solid, Semi-Solid or Liquid Calorific Value < 3000 Kcal/Kg Calorific Value < 3000 Kcal/Kg Calorific Value >= 3000 Kcal/Kg
  • 13. ESTIMATED AVG. COMPOSITION OF SOLID WASTE IN LUCKNOW,2011:- Lucknow Solid Waste Management Department
  • 14. STATUS OF COMMON DISPOSAL FACILITIES  TSDFs IN OPERATION -03  KUMBHI, KANPUR DEHAT -2 No  BANTHAR,UNNAO -1 No  TSDF Capacity Exhausted -1 NO ROOMA, KANPUR (S.L.F.) : SIZE OF CELL 115m x 115mx 3.5m CAPACITY OF CELL IN OPERATION 20,000 MT BEING RUN BY KANPUR NAGAR NIGAM CAPACITY EXHAUSTED, NOT IN USE. KUMBHI-KANPUR DEHAT (M/S RAMKY ENVIRO LTD.) KANPUR-DEHAT,SAHIBADAD INDUSTRIAL AREA,GHAZIABAD IN U.P
  • 15.  RECYCLING OF HAZARDOUS WASTE  INCINERATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE  DISPOSAL IN SECURED LAND FILL (SLF)  DISPOSAL IN CEMENT KILNS FOR INCINERABLE WASTE METHOD OF FINAL DISPOSAL OF HAZARODUS WASTE:-
  • 16. Huge quantity of hazardous waste from basic chrome sulphate units dumped at Khanpur village, Kanpur Dehat :- U.P POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
  • 17. LITERATURE REVIEW :  Being an industrializing country, India’s contribution to the generation of hazardous is being considered significant. The waste is generated from a wide spectrum of industries in the country. The management of these wastes poses many challenges for the industry and the government as well. Policy and legislative frameworks have been put in place while a host of international programmes are supplementing national efforts in containing the problem. The article provides an overview of the hazardous waste management scenario in India. by Tata Energy Research Institute (Centre Lodhi Road New Delhi)  This review we can conclude that increases in risk of adverse health effects have been reported near individual landfill site sand in some multisite studies. Although biases and confounding factors cannot be excluded as explanations for these findings, the findings may indicate real risks associated with residence near certain landfill sites.  Research into the health effects of landfill sites is relatively immature, and further research could improve our current The presence of large quantities of mixtures of potentially hazardous chemicals in landfill sites close to residential populations has increasingly caused concern.  Concerns have led to a substantial number of studies on the health effects associated with landfill sites. Martine Vryheid (Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health)
  • 18. Suggestions/recommendations  The strategy required to ensure scientific management of hazardous waste whose generation is expected to increase due to our liberalized economic policies should encompass training and institutional strengthening in all aspects of waste management cycles starting from its generation to its handling, segregation, transportation, treatment, and disposal.  The strategy should also target waste minimization/reduction as its primary focus, a particularly important point in view of stricter.  As per the Waste Management Rules,1989, and the MoEF’s Guidelines(1991), hazardous waste generated by industries has to be disposed of in secured landfills and the toxic organic fraction of the waste needs to be incinerated  Currently, there are 116 hazardous waste incinerators in the country and 11 engineered landfills in operation all of which are located in Gujarat.  As per the information provided by the MoEF, there are 323 hazardous waste recycling units in India; Tata Energy Research Institute
  • 19. Initiatives taken for hazardous waste management : Hazardous waste management need to scientific disposal of waste and policies to encourage waste minimisation and adoption of cleaner technologies Various activities initiated by the Government of India to meet these objectives are listed below  State governments are in process of identifying hazardous waste disposal sites based on EIA of the potential sites  Training programmes have been organized for concerned personnel ports and the Customs and in pollution control boards  It has been decided to impose ban on the import of hazardous wastes containing beryllium, selenium, chromium (hexavalent), thallium, pesticides, herbicides  In order to control the movement of Basel Wastes, the export and import of cyanide wastes and mercury- and arsenic-bearing wastes has been banned from December 1996. Tata Energy Research Institute
  • 20. LEGAL CONTROL ACT :-  WATER PROTECTION ACT, 1974  AIR PROTECTION ACT, 1981  ENV. PROTECTION ACT 1986  HAZARDOUS WASTE (Management, Handling & Trans boundary Movement) RULES 2008 COMMON SLF AT KUMBHI, KANPUR DEHAT,Of U.P. Waste Management Ltd.
  • 21. CONCLUSION:-  Key to proper design of HWTC is system flexibility to adjust to hazardous waste quatities and properties over times.  Enforcement of environment law and regulation  implementation of hazardous wastes management regulations n Establishment of proper hazardous waste treatment and disposal facilities for controlling the unscientific disposal of hazardous waste.
  • 22. REFERENCES:-  HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL IN THE STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH by U. P. Pollution control board.  Kumbhi-kanpur dehat (m/s ramky enviro ltd.) Site  Http://www.Dtsc.Ca.Gov/hazardouswaste/universalwaste/  Hazardous waste management: canadian direction: stephanie meakin.  Hazardous waste management in india: b.V. Babu and V. Ramakrishna  The hazardous materials (management, handling and trans boundary movement) rules, 2007.  Status report on management of hazardous waste in india: t. Chakrabarti, M.P. Patel & sukumar devotta  Basel convention on the control of trans boundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal  Health effects of residence near hazardous waste landfill sites: A review of epidemiologic literature martine vryheid  Tata energy research institute darbari seth block habitat place india habitat centre lodhi road