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Heat Stroke.pptx

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M
MUKESH SUNDARARAJAN

Heat stroke is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body becomes unable to regulate its core temperature, causing it to rise rapidly. Left untreated, it can cause damage to the brain, organs and other body systems. The main symptoms include a core body temperature above 104°F, altered mental state, and hot, dry skin. First aid involves rapidly cooling the body through methods like cold water immersion or ice packs while seeking immediate medical help, as rapid cooling is key to preventing complications. Risk factors include high heat and humidity, dehydration, strenuous physical activity, and age. Proper prevention focuses on staying hydrated, limiting time outdoors in extreme heat, and wearing loose-fitting, light clothing.

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HEAT STROKE MUKESH SUNDARARAJAN
HEAT STROKE • Heatstroke is a condition caused by your body overheating, usually as a result of prolonged exposure to or physical exertion in high temperatures. • This most serious form of heat injury, heatstroke, can occur if your body temperature rises to 104 F (40 C) or higher.
HEAT ILLNESS Heat cramps, Heat rashes, Heat edema, Heat syncope,
• Heat exhaustion, • Heat stroke
CLASSIFICATION Classical (nonexertional) heat stroke: More commen in younger children who are unable to excape from hot environments and those with underlying chronic medical conditions that impaired thermoregulation. Exertional heat stroke: Generally occures in healthy individulals who engage in heavy excercise during periods of high temperature and humidity. Example Athletes and miltary requirement basic training.
Heat exhaustion and heatstroke  Heat exhaustion and heatstroke are part of a continuum of heat-related illness.  Both are common and preventable conditions affecting diverse patients.  Recent research has identified a cascade of inflammatory pathologic events that begins with mild heat exhaustion and, if uninterrupted, can lead eventually to multiorgan failure and death.  Heat exhaustion is characterized by nonspecific symptoms such as malaise, headache, and nausea.  Untreated heat exhaustion can progress to heatstroke, a much more serious illness involving central nervous system dysfunction such as delirium and coma.
WHO'S AT RISK Elderly people Children Athletes • Military Outdoor workers(buldinconstruction,roofers)
RISK FACTORS  Heat stroke is most likely to affect older people who live in apartments or homes that don't have air conditioning or good airflow. Other high-risk groups include people of any age who don't drink enough water, have chronic diseases, or who drink excessive amounts of alcohol.  Heat stroke is strongly related to the heat index, which is a measurement of how hot you feel when the effects of relative humidity and air temperature are combined. A relative humidity of 60% or more hampers sweat evaporation, which hinders your body's ability to cool itself.
RISK FACTORS  The risk of heat-related illness dramatically increases when the heat index climbs to 90 degrees or more. So it's important especially during heat waves to pay attention to the reported heat index, and also to remember that exposure to full sunshine can increase the reported heat index by 15 degrees.
Heatstroke signs and symptoms include:  High body temperature.A core body temperature of 104 F (40 C) or higher, obtained with a rectal thermometer, is the main sign of heatstroke,  Altered mental state or behavior,  Alteration in sweating,  Nausea and vomiting,  Flushed skin,Dry skin,  Rapid breathing,  Racing heart rate,  Headache.  Seizures  Unconsciousness
Diagnostic evaluation  Rectal temperature to check your core body temperature. A rectal temperature is the most accurate way of determining your core body temperature and is more accurate than mouth or forehead temperatures.  A blood test to check blood sodium or potassium and the content of gases in your blood to see if there's been damage to your central nervous system.  Aurine test to check the color of your urine, because it's usually darker if you have a heat-related condition, and to check your kidney function, which can be affected by heatstroke.  Muscle function tests to check for serious damage to your muscle tissue (rhabdomyolysis).  X-rays and other imaging tests to check for damage to your internal organs.
First aid  First aid tratment for victims of heat stroke includes moving the client to a cooler environment,  Reducing clothing covering the body,  Placing wet towels over the skin,using oscillating fans to increase convective heat loss.
What First Aid Can Help Heat Stroke? If you suspect that someone has a heat stroke, immediately call 911 or take the person to a hospital. Any delay seeking medical help can be fatal. While waiting for the paramedics to arrive, initiate first aid. Move the person to an air-conditioned environment -- or at least a cool, shady area -- and remove any unnecessary clothing. If possible, take the person's core body temperature and initiate first aid to cool it to 101 to 102 F. (If no thermometers are available, don't hesitate to initiate first aid.)
MANAGEMENT Heat stroke is a medical emergency and continues to be one of the leading causes of preventable death in sports. Rapid reduction of the core body temperature is the cornerstone of treatment because the duration of hyperthermia is the primary determinant of outcome. Patients diagnosed with exertional heat stroke (EHS) or nonexertional heat stroke (NEHS) should be admitted to the hospital for at least 48 hours to monitor for complications. Once heat stroke is suspected, cooling must begin immediately and must be continued during the patient's resuscitation.
Medical management  Heat stroke is a medical emergency and continues to be one of the leading causes of preventable death in sports.  Rapid reduction of the core body temperature is the cornerstone of treatment because the duration of hyperthermia is the primary determinant of outcome.  Patients diagnosed with exertional heat stroke (EHS) or nonexertional heat stroke (NEHS) should be admitted to the hospital for at least 48 hours to monitor for complications.
Medical management  Once heat stroke is suspected, cooling must begin immediately and must be continued during the patient's resuscitation.  The American College of Sports Medicine recommends that cooling be initiated at the scene, before transporting the patient to an emergency department for further evaluation and treatment  Emergency medical treatment may include hypothermia blankets,intravenous fluids,
Medical management  Irrigating the stomach and lower bowel with cool solution  Treatment involves monitoring the patient in a cool, shady environment and ensuring adequate hydration.  Immediate cooling through evaporation or full-body ice-water immersion are crucial.  Physicians also must monitor electrolyte abnormalities, be alert to signs of renal or hepatic failure, and replace fluids in patients with heatstroke.
Nursing care for heat stroke patient  Monitor the vital signs  Immerse you in cold water. A bath of cold or ice water has been proved to be the most effective way of quickly lowering your core body temperature.  Use evaporation cooling techniques.  Pack you with ice and cooling blankets.  Give you medications to stop your shivering.
Nursing diagnosis  NANDA Nursing diagnosis:(North American Nursing Diagnosis Association)  Hyperthermia  Fluid volume,deficient  Nausea  Anxiety  Knowledge,Deficient  Confusion,Acute
PREVENTION OF HEAT STROKE  When the heat index is high, it's best to stay in an air- conditioned environment. If you must go outdoors, you can prevent heat stroke by taking these steps:  Wear lightweight, light-colored, loose-fitting clothing, and a wide-brimmed hat.  Use sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or more.  Drink extra fluids. Toprevent dehydration, it's generally recommended to drink at least eight glasses of water, fruit juice, or vegetable juice per day. Because heat-related illness also can result from salt depletion, it may be advisable to substitute an electrolyte-rich sports drink for water during periods of extreme heat and humidity.
Complications  Heatstroke can result in a number of complications, depending on how long the body temperature is high. Severe complications  Vital organ damage. Without a quick response to lower body temperature, heatstroke can cause your brain or other vital organs to swell, possibly resulting in permanent damage.  Death. Without prompt and adequate treatment, heatstroke can be fatal.
PREVENTION OF HEAT STROKE  Take additional precautions when exercising or working outdoors. The general recommendation is to drink 24 ounces of fluid two hours before exercise, and consider adding another 8 ounces of water or sports drink right before exercise. During exercise, should consume another 8 ounces of water every 20 minutes, even if you don't feel thirsty.  Reschedule or cancel outdoor activity.  If possible, shift your time outdoors to the coolest times of the day, either early morning or after sunset.
THANK YOU

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Heat Stroke.pptx

  • 2. HEAT STROKE • Heatstroke is a condition caused by your body overheating, usually as a result of prolonged exposure to or physical exertion in high temperatures. • This most serious form of heat injury, heatstroke, can occur if your body temperature rises to 104 F (40 C) or higher.
  • 3. HEAT ILLNESS Heat cramps, Heat rashes, Heat edema, Heat syncope,
  • 5. CLASSIFICATION Classical (nonexertional) heat stroke: More commen in younger children who are unable to excape from hot environments and those with underlying chronic medical conditions that impaired thermoregulation. Exertional heat stroke: Generally occures in healthy individulals who engage in heavy excercise during periods of high temperature and humidity. Example Athletes and miltary requirement basic training.
  • 6. Heat exhaustion and heatstroke  Heat exhaustion and heatstroke are part of a continuum of heat-related illness.  Both are common and preventable conditions affecting diverse patients.  Recent research has identified a cascade of inflammatory pathologic events that begins with mild heat exhaustion and, if uninterrupted, can lead eventually to multiorgan failure and death.  Heat exhaustion is characterized by nonspecific symptoms such as malaise, headache, and nausea.  Untreated heat exhaustion can progress to heatstroke, a much more serious illness involving central nervous system dysfunction such as delirium and coma.
  • 7. WHO'S AT RISK Elderly people Children Athletes • Military Outdoor workers(buldinconstruction,roofers)
  • 8. RISK FACTORS  Heat stroke is most likely to affect older people who live in apartments or homes that don't have air conditioning or good airflow. Other high-risk groups include people of any age who don't drink enough water, have chronic diseases, or who drink excessive amounts of alcohol.  Heat stroke is strongly related to the heat index, which is a measurement of how hot you feel when the effects of relative humidity and air temperature are combined. A relative humidity of 60% or more hampers sweat evaporation, which hinders your body's ability to cool itself.
  • 9. RISK FACTORS  The risk of heat-related illness dramatically increases when the heat index climbs to 90 degrees or more. So it's important especially during heat waves to pay attention to the reported heat index, and also to remember that exposure to full sunshine can increase the reported heat index by 15 degrees.
  • 10. Heatstroke signs and symptoms include:  High body temperature.A core body temperature of 104 F (40 C) or higher, obtained with a rectal thermometer, is the main sign of heatstroke,  Altered mental state or behavior,  Alteration in sweating,  Nausea and vomiting,  Flushed skin,Dry skin,  Rapid breathing,  Racing heart rate,  Headache.  Seizures  Unconsciousness
  • 11. Diagnostic evaluation  Rectal temperature to check your core body temperature. A rectal temperature is the most accurate way of determining your core body temperature and is more accurate than mouth or forehead temperatures.  A blood test to check blood sodium or potassium and the content of gases in your blood to see if there's been damage to your central nervous system.  Aurine test to check the color of your urine, because it's usually darker if you have a heat-related condition, and to check your kidney function, which can be affected by heatstroke.  Muscle function tests to check for serious damage to your muscle tissue (rhabdomyolysis).  X-rays and other imaging tests to check for damage to your internal organs.
  • 12. First aid  First aid tratment for victims of heat stroke includes moving the client to a cooler environment,  Reducing clothing covering the body,  Placing wet towels over the skin,using oscillating fans to increase convective heat loss.
  • 13. What First Aid Can Help Heat Stroke? If you suspect that someone has a heat stroke, immediately call 911 or take the person to a hospital. Any delay seeking medical help can be fatal. While waiting for the paramedics to arrive, initiate first aid. Move the person to an air-conditioned environment -- or at least a cool, shady area -- and remove any unnecessary clothing. If possible, take the person's core body temperature and initiate first aid to cool it to 101 to 102 F. (If no thermometers are available, don't hesitate to initiate first aid.)
  • 14. MANAGEMENT Heat stroke is a medical emergency and continues to be one of the leading causes of preventable death in sports. Rapid reduction of the core body temperature is the cornerstone of treatment because the duration of hyperthermia is the primary determinant of outcome. Patients diagnosed with exertional heat stroke (EHS) or nonexertional heat stroke (NEHS) should be admitted to the hospital for at least 48 hours to monitor for complications. Once heat stroke is suspected, cooling must begin immediately and must be continued during the patient's resuscitation.
  • 15. Medical management  Heat stroke is a medical emergency and continues to be one of the leading causes of preventable death in sports.  Rapid reduction of the core body temperature is the cornerstone of treatment because the duration of hyperthermia is the primary determinant of outcome.  Patients diagnosed with exertional heat stroke (EHS) or nonexertional heat stroke (NEHS) should be admitted to the hospital for at least 48 hours to monitor for complications.
  • 16. Medical management  Once heat stroke is suspected, cooling must begin immediately and must be continued during the patient's resuscitation.  The American College of Sports Medicine recommends that cooling be initiated at the scene, before transporting the patient to an emergency department for further evaluation and treatment  Emergency medical treatment may include hypothermia blankets,intravenous fluids,
  • 17. Medical management  Irrigating the stomach and lower bowel with cool solution  Treatment involves monitoring the patient in a cool, shady environment and ensuring adequate hydration.  Immediate cooling through evaporation or full-body ice-water immersion are crucial.  Physicians also must monitor electrolyte abnormalities, be alert to signs of renal or hepatic failure, and replace fluids in patients with heatstroke.
  • 18. Nursing care for heat stroke patient  Monitor the vital signs  Immerse you in cold water. A bath of cold or ice water has been proved to be the most effective way of quickly lowering your core body temperature.  Use evaporation cooling techniques.  Pack you with ice and cooling blankets.  Give you medications to stop your shivering.
  • 19. Nursing diagnosis  NANDA Nursing diagnosis:(North American Nursing Diagnosis Association)  Hyperthermia  Fluid volume,deficient  Nausea  Anxiety  Knowledge,Deficient  Confusion,Acute
  • 20. PREVENTION OF HEAT STROKE  When the heat index is high, it's best to stay in an air- conditioned environment. If you must go outdoors, you can prevent heat stroke by taking these steps:  Wear lightweight, light-colored, loose-fitting clothing, and a wide-brimmed hat.  Use sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or more.  Drink extra fluids. Toprevent dehydration, it's generally recommended to drink at least eight glasses of water, fruit juice, or vegetable juice per day. Because heat-related illness also can result from salt depletion, it may be advisable to substitute an electrolyte-rich sports drink for water during periods of extreme heat and humidity.
  • 21. Complications  Heatstroke can result in a number of complications, depending on how long the body temperature is high. Severe complications  Vital organ damage. Without a quick response to lower body temperature, heatstroke can cause your brain or other vital organs to swell, possibly resulting in permanent damage.  Death. Without prompt and adequate treatment, heatstroke can be fatal.
  • 22. PREVENTION OF HEAT STROKE  Take additional precautions when exercising or working outdoors. The general recommendation is to drink 24 ounces of fluid two hours before exercise, and consider adding another 8 ounces of water or sports drink right before exercise. During exercise, should consume another 8 ounces of water every 20 minutes, even if you don't feel thirsty.  Reschedule or cancel outdoor activity.  If possible, shift your time outdoors to the coolest times of the day, either early morning or after sunset.