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hematoloy 3rd semseter mlt.pptx

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Haematology is the study of blood and blood diseases. Blood has four main components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide, white blood cells protect against infection, and platelets help with clotting. Blood is produced through hematopoiesis in the bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells that develop into red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Blood has important functions like gas transport, nutrient transport, regulation, protection, and detoxification.

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BY IHSAN ULLAH LECTURER BS MLT AIMS
What is haematology  Haem-blood  Logous-study  Haematology is the branch of biology, concerned with the study of blood-forming organs, and blood diseases.
Physiology of blood  Blood is a specialized bodily fluid in animals that delivers necessary substance such as nutrients and oxygen to the cell and transports metabolic waste product away from those same cells.  It has four main components i. Plasma ii. Red blood cell iii. White blood cell iv. Platelets
Function of blood 1. Gas transport: blood carries oxygen from lung to the tissues and carbon dioxide in reverse direction. 2. Transport of nutritional substances for all cells:(glucose, amino acid, fatty acid vitamins,ketone bodies, micro element, uric acid,billirubin,creatinin etc.) from tissue o kidney wherefrom they excreted with urine.
Cont….. 3. Regulation of different processes: Blood creates and carries local hormones (hormonoids) to the target organs. 4. Thermoregulation: heat change between and blood. 5. Osmotic function: Maintain of osmotic pressure in blood vessels.
CONT…. 6. Protective function: blood has antibodies and leucocyte,which perform phagocytosis. 7. Detoxification: blood enzyme can neutralize (split) different toxic substances.
Properties of blood 1. Color: Blood is red in color, Arterial blood is scarlet red because it contain more oxygen and venous blood is purple red because of more carbon dioxide. 2. Volume: Average volume of blood in a normal adult is 5 L in a newborn baby, the volume is 450 ml .it increase during growth and reach 5 L at the time of puberty. In female, it is slightly less and is about 4.5 L it is about 8% of the body weight in a normal young healthy adult, weighing about 70 kg.
Cont…. 3. Reaction and PH: Blood is slightly alkaline and its pH in normal condition is 7.4. 4. Specific gravity:  Specific gravity of total blood :1.025 to 1.061  Specific gravity blood cells: 1.092 to 1.101  Specific gravity of plasma: 1.022 to 1.026 .
Cont… 5. Viscosity: Blood is five time more viscous than water. It is mainly due to red blood cells and plasma protein
Composition of blood  Liquid and formed elements  liquid plasma ( volume 55-60%)  Formed elements ( volume 40-45%)
Whole blood  The blood that runs through the veins,arteries,and capillaries is known as whole blood,  A mixture of blood 55 percent and 45 percent blood cells  About 7 to 8 percent of your total body weight is blood  An average-sized man has about 12 pints blood in his body, and an average-sized woman has about 9 pints.
Where do blood cell come form  Blood cells develop from hematopoietic stem cells and are formed in the bone marrow through the highly regulated process of hematopoiesis.  Hematopoietic stem cell are capable of transforming in to red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
Cont….  These stem cells can be found circulating in the blood and bone marrow in people of all ages, as well as in the umbilical cords of new born babies
Components of blood  The liquid components of blood is called plasma, a mixture of water ,sugar fat protein and salts  The main job of plasma is to transport blood cells through out your body along with nutrients, waste products, antibodies, clotting protein chemical messengers such as hormones and proteins that help maintain the body fluid balance.
Red Blood cells (RBCs)  The most abundant cell in the blood, accounting for about 40-45 percent volume  The shape of a red blood cell is a biconcave disk with a flattened center – in other words, both faces of the disk have shallow bowl-like indenati0n.  Red blood cells start as immature cells in the bone marrow and after approximately seven days of maturation are released into the bloodstream.
Hemoglobin  Which help carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and then returns carbon dioxide from the body to the lungs so it can be exhaled.  Blood appear red because of the large number of red blood cells which get their color from the hemoglobin  The percentage of whole blood volume that is made up of red blood cells is called the hemocrite and is a common measure of red blood cell levels.
White blood cell  White blood cell protect the body from infection. they are much fever in number than red blood cell, according for about 1 percent of your blood. Granulocyte and Agranulocyte  Neutrophil: Bacteria  Eosinophil : Allergic condition  Basophil: Allergic condition hypersensitive reaction  Lymphocytes: viral infection
Cont….  Monocytes: Bacteria, virus, and other foreign material
Platelets  Fragments of cell  Platelets help the blood clotting process ( or coagulation) by gathering at the site of an injury,stickining to the lining of the injured blood vessels,and forming a platform on which blood coagulation can occur.
Cont….  This result in the formation of blood clots, which cover the wounds and prevents blood from leaking out. Fibrin also form the initial sc of folding upon which new tissue forms, thus promoting healing.
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hematoloy 3rd semseter mlt.pptx

  • 2. What is haematology  Haem-blood  Logous-study  Haematology is the branch of biology, concerned with the study of blood-forming organs, and blood diseases.
  • 3. Physiology of blood  Blood is a specialized bodily fluid in animals that delivers necessary substance such as nutrients and oxygen to the cell and transports metabolic waste product away from those same cells.  It has four main components i. Plasma ii. Red blood cell iii. White blood cell iv. Platelets
  • 4. Function of blood 1. Gas transport: blood carries oxygen from lung to the tissues and carbon dioxide in reverse direction. 2. Transport of nutritional substances for all cells:(glucose, amino acid, fatty acid vitamins,ketone bodies, micro element, uric acid,billirubin,creatinin etc.) from tissue o kidney wherefrom they excreted with urine.
  • 5. Cont….. 3. Regulation of different processes: Blood creates and carries local hormones (hormonoids) to the target organs. 4. Thermoregulation: heat change between and blood. 5. Osmotic function: Maintain of osmotic pressure in blood vessels.
  • 6. CONT…. 6. Protective function: blood has antibodies and leucocyte,which perform phagocytosis. 7. Detoxification: blood enzyme can neutralize (split) different toxic substances.
  • 7. Properties of blood 1. Color: Blood is red in color, Arterial blood is scarlet red because it contain more oxygen and venous blood is purple red because of more carbon dioxide. 2. Volume: Average volume of blood in a normal adult is 5 L in a newborn baby, the volume is 450 ml .it increase during growth and reach 5 L at the time of puberty. In female, it is slightly less and is about 4.5 L it is about 8% of the body weight in a normal young healthy adult, weighing about 70 kg.
  • 8. Cont…. 3. Reaction and PH: Blood is slightly alkaline and its pH in normal condition is 7.4. 4. Specific gravity:  Specific gravity of total blood :1.025 to 1.061  Specific gravity blood cells: 1.092 to 1.101  Specific gravity of plasma: 1.022 to 1.026 .
  • 9. Cont… 5. Viscosity: Blood is five time more viscous than water. It is mainly due to red blood cells and plasma protein
  • 10. Composition of blood  Liquid and formed elements  liquid plasma ( volume 55-60%)  Formed elements ( volume 40-45%)
  • 11. Whole blood  The blood that runs through the veins,arteries,and capillaries is known as whole blood,  A mixture of blood 55 percent and 45 percent blood cells  About 7 to 8 percent of your total body weight is blood  An average-sized man has about 12 pints blood in his body, and an average-sized woman has about 9 pints.
  • 12. Where do blood cell come form  Blood cells develop from hematopoietic stem cells and are formed in the bone marrow through the highly regulated process of hematopoiesis.  Hematopoietic stem cell are capable of transforming in to red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
  • 13. Cont….  These stem cells can be found circulating in the blood and bone marrow in people of all ages, as well as in the umbilical cords of new born babies
  • 14. Components of blood  The liquid components of blood is called plasma, a mixture of water ,sugar fat protein and salts  The main job of plasma is to transport blood cells through out your body along with nutrients, waste products, antibodies, clotting protein chemical messengers such as hormones and proteins that help maintain the body fluid balance.
  • 15. Red Blood cells (RBCs)  The most abundant cell in the blood, accounting for about 40-45 percent volume  The shape of a red blood cell is a biconcave disk with a flattened center – in other words, both faces of the disk have shallow bowl-like indenati0n.  Red blood cells start as immature cells in the bone marrow and after approximately seven days of maturation are released into the bloodstream.
  • 16. Hemoglobin  Which help carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and then returns carbon dioxide from the body to the lungs so it can be exhaled.  Blood appear red because of the large number of red blood cells which get their color from the hemoglobin  The percentage of whole blood volume that is made up of red blood cells is called the hemocrite and is a common measure of red blood cell levels.
  • 17. White blood cell  White blood cell protect the body from infection. they are much fever in number than red blood cell, according for about 1 percent of your blood. Granulocyte and Agranulocyte  Neutrophil: Bacteria  Eosinophil : Allergic condition  Basophil: Allergic condition hypersensitive reaction  Lymphocytes: viral infection
  • 18. Cont….  Monocytes: Bacteria, virus, and other foreign material
  • 19. Platelets  Fragments of cell  Platelets help the blood clotting process ( or coagulation) by gathering at the site of an injury,stickining to the lining of the injured blood vessels,and forming a platform on which blood coagulation can occur.
  • 20. Cont….  This result in the formation of blood clots, which cover the wounds and prevents blood from leaking out. Fibrin also form the initial sc of folding upon which new tissue forms, thus promoting healing.