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History of nursing education in india

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The document provides a history of nursing education in India. It discusses how the Portuguese, French and British first established modern medical services and nursing training centers in India in the 17th century. [It then outlines some of the key developments in nursing education over time, including] Florence Nightingale establishing professional nursing standards in 1865. The first nursing school was opened in Madras in 1871. Various committees in the 1940s-1990s made recommendations to improve and standardize nursing education across India. This led to the development of several nursing programs like ANM, GNM, BSc, MSc, and establishment of regulatory bodies like the Indian Nursing Council and Trained Nurses Association of India.

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History of nursing education in India Mr.Vikas A.Ghadge RJS College of Nursing
INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY OF NURSING EDUCATION IN INDIA • Portuguese first brought modern medicine including nursing to India but the French and British later established and consolidated modern medical and nursing services in India. East India Company opened its first civil hospital for soldiers in 1664 later named as Government General Hospital in 1871. In 1859 scheme for training of nurses was sanctioned by the Government of Bengal and a nursing training center was opened at Calcutta.
Cont… • In 1865, Nightingale drew up some detailed suggestions on a system of nursing for hospitals in India. She laid the foundation of professional nursing. Graduates were sent out from the Nightingale School of Nurses at St. Thomas Hospital, England to start similar nursing schools in India. St Stephens Hospital at Delhi was the first one to begin training of Indian women as nurses in 1867.
Lady with the lamp • Florence Nightingale a celebrated English nurse, writer came to prominence for her pioneering work in nursing during the Crimean War, where she tended to wounded soldiers. She was dubbed "The Lady with the Lamp" after her habit of making rounds at night
Cont… • In 1871, the first school of nursing was started in Government General Hospital, Madras with a six-month diploma midwives programme with four students. Between 1890 and 1900, many schools, under either missions or government, were started in various parts of India.
COURSES IN NURSING • ANM • GNM • B.Sc (Nursing) • P.B.B.Sc (Nursing) • M.Sc (Nursing) • M.phill • P.hd (Nursing)
TRAINED NURSES ASSOCIATION OF INDIA (TNAI)  It is a national professional organization of nurses in India.  The association had is beginning in the association of nursing superintended which was founded in 1905,at Lucknow.  At annual conference held in Bombay in 1908, a decision was taken to establish the trained nurses association.  The association was inaugurated in 1909.
 In1922 the association of nursing superintends and trained nurses association were amalgamated and called the trained nurses association of India (TNAI).  In1947 the TNAI become a member of common wealth nurses federation(CNF)  The nursing jounaral of India is the officially publication of TNAI and publish monthly.  Headquarter of the trained nurses association of India, new Delhi.
Vision statement of TNAI “To develop nursing as a profession and another need to provide a form where professional nurses could meet in counsel and plan to achieve those ends”.
Objective of TNAI  Upgrading, developing and standardization of nursing education.  Improvement of living working condition and educational condition for nurses.  Improve economics status of nurses in the country.  Recommends the state government to appoint a nurse as a director.
FUNCTION OF TNAI  To publish nursing journal of India.  To raise funds.  Professional visits.  Welfare funds.  Scholarship for education.
INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL (INC) The Indian Nursing Council is an Autonomous Body under the Government of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare was constituted by the Central Government under section 3(1) of the Indian Nursing Council Act, 1947 of parliament in order to establish a uniform standard of training for nurses, Midwives and health visitors.
INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL ACT, 1947 Act No. of Year: ACT NO. 48 OF 1947 Enactment Date: [31st December, 1947.] Act Objective:  An Act to constitute an Indian Nursing Council.  To establish a uniform standard of training for nurses, midwives and health visitors.
PURPOSE OF INC • The purpose of inc establishment is to formulate a national policy for training and practice of nursing depending mainly on the culture and philosophy of country(india)
FUNCTIONS OF INC  Recognizes nurses as a separate branch in health service.  Regulate nursing training and sets uniform standard of training for nurses throughout the country.  Construct syallabus for all nursing programs.  Permits title, badges ,uniforms, for registered nurses.
Functions of INC  Withdrawal of reorganization of nursing institutions.  To regulate nursing practice.  Power to make regulations.  Maintenance of Indian nurse register.  Inspection of school and colleges of nursing.
RECOMMENDATIONS OF VARIOUS COMMITTEES PERTAINING TO NURSING EDUCATION
BHORE COMMITTEE-1946 • Sir Joseph Williams Bhore. • Integration of preventive and curative service to all. • Major change in medical education (3months training in preventive and social medicine to prepare “social physicians”.) • Development of Public health centers.
SHETTY COMMITTEE-1954 Chairman Mr shetty and ms adranvala is member secrotary.  Improvement in conditions of training of nurses.  Minimum requirement for admission to be in accordance with regulation of the INC.
MUDILIAR COMMITTE • Dr A.L.Mudiliar chairman. • Strengthening of district hospital with specialist service. • Regional organization in each state between the headquarter organization and the district incharge of a regional deputy or assistant director-each to supervise 2-3 medical officers.
Cont… • Each phc not to serve more than 40,000 population • To improve the quality of health provided by phc. • Integration of medical and health service .
MUKHERJEE COMMITTEE- 1996 Mukherjee committee, 1966. • The committee recommended separate staff for the family planning program. • The family planning assistant where to undertake family planning duties only. • The basic health worker where to be utilized for purpose other than family planning.
KARTAR SINGH COMMITTEE - 1974 Kartar singh committee,1972-73 • Family planning health worker were replaced by Multipurpose health worker. • Present day lady health visitors(LHV) designated as female health supervisors. • Accepted by government of india in 5th five year plan.
SAROJINI VARADAPPAN COMMITTEE Sarojini varadappan committee, 1990(A high power committee on nursing and nursing profession.)  Two levels of nursing personnel  Post basic BSc nursing degree to continue  Masters in nursing programme to be increased and strengthened.  Doctorate in nursing programme to be started in selected university.  Continuing education and staff development for nurses.
WORKING GROUP ON NURSING EDUCATION AND MANPOWER,1991  By 2020 the GNM programme to be phased out  Curriculum of B.Sc nursing to be modified  Staffing norm should be as per INC  There should be deliberate plan for preparation of teachers M.Sc/M.phil and Ph Ddegrees.  Improvement in functioning of INC  Importance of continuing education for nurses.
DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING EDUCATION Training of dias The Dai training continued past independence. The goal was to train one Dias each village and ultimate goal was to train all the practicing Dais in country. Duration of training was 30 days, No age limit was prescribed, training include theory and practice, more emphasis on field practice. This training was done at sub centre and equipments provided by UNICEF.
AUXILLARY NURSE MIDWIFE In 1950 Indian Nursing Council came out with an important decision that there should be only two standard of training nursing and midwifery, subsequently the curriculum for these courses were prescribed. The first course was started at St. Marys Hospital Punjab,1951.The entrance qualification was up to 7/8 years of schooling. The period of training was 2 years witch include a 9 month of midwifery and 3months of community experience. In 1977, as a result of the decision to prepare multipurpose health worker & vocationalization of higher secondary education,
• curriculum was revised a designed to have 1.5 year of vocationalzed ANM programme and six months of general education. The entrance qualification was raised from 7th passed to matriculation passed .Under multipurpose scheme promotional avenue was opened to senior ANMS for undergoing six months promotional training for which course was prescribed by INC.
LADY HEALTH VISITOR COURSE • Training of LHV course continued post independence. The syllabus prepared and prescribed by INC in 1951.Theentrance qualification was matriculation. The duration was two and a half years which subsequently reduced to 2 years.
GENERAL NURSING AND MIDWIFERY COURSE  GNM course existed since early years of century.  In 1951,syllabus was prescribed by INC.  In 1954 a special provision was made for male nurse.  First revision of course was done in 1963. The duration of course was reduced from 4 years to 3.5years.  Second revision was done in 1982. The duration of the course reduced to 3 years.  The Midwifery training of one year duration was gradually reduced to 9 months and then six months, finally three year integrated programme of GNM was prescribed in 1982.
POST-BASIC/POST CERTIFICATE SHORT-TERM COURSES AND DIPLOMA PROGRAMMES The ultimate aim of all the post-basic/post certificate programme is to improvement of quality of patient care and promotion of health.
UNIVERSITY-LEVEL PROGRAMMERS Basic B.Sc Nursing First university programme started just before independence in 1946 at university of Delhi and Christian medical college (CMC) Vellore. INC prescribes the syllabus which has been revised three times, the last revision was done in 1981.It was done on basis of the 10+3+2 system of general education. At present the BSc Nursing programme which is recommended by the INC is of four years and have foundations for future study and specialization in nursing.
POST BASIC BSC NURSING  The need for higher training for certificate nurses was stressed by the Mudaliar Committee in1962. Two years post basic certificate BSc(N) programme was started in December 1962.  For nurses with diploma in general and midwifery with minimum of 2 years experience.  First started by university of Trivandrum.  At present there are many colleges in India offering Pc BSc(N) Course
POST BASIC NURSING BY DISTANCE EDUCATION MODE In1985 Indira Gandhi National open university was established(IGNOU) In1992 Post Basic BSc Nursing programme was launched, which is three years duration course is recognized by INC.
POST- GRADUATE EDUCATION- MSCNURSING First two years course in masters of nursing was started at RAK (Rajkumari Amrit Kaur)College of Nursing delhi in 1959.and in 1969 in CMC Vellore. At present there are many colleges imparting MSc Nursing degree course in different specialties.
M.Phil INC felt need for M.Phil programme as early on 1977,for this purpose committee was appointed. In 1986 one year full time and two years part time programme was started in RAK College of nursing Delhi.
Current Educational Patterns In Nursing 1.Non University Programme • Basic – ANM-GNM • Advance-Post-Certificate diploma 2. University Programme • Basic- BSc(N) • Post-Basic BSc(Regular) • Post-Basic BSc(N).IGNOU • Advance:MSc (Nursing) • M. phil • Ph.D.
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History of nursing education in india

  • 1. History of nursing education in India Mr.Vikas A.Ghadge RJS College of Nursing
  • 2. INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY OF NURSING EDUCATION IN INDIA • Portuguese first brought modern medicine including nursing to India but the French and British later established and consolidated modern medical and nursing services in India. East India Company opened its first civil hospital for soldiers in 1664 later named as Government General Hospital in 1871. In 1859 scheme for training of nurses was sanctioned by the Government of Bengal and a nursing training center was opened at Calcutta.
  • 3. Cont… • In 1865, Nightingale drew up some detailed suggestions on a system of nursing for hospitals in India. She laid the foundation of professional nursing. Graduates were sent out from the Nightingale School of Nurses at St. Thomas Hospital, England to start similar nursing schools in India. St Stephens Hospital at Delhi was the first one to begin training of Indian women as nurses in 1867.
  • 4. Lady with the lamp • Florence Nightingale a celebrated English nurse, writer came to prominence for her pioneering work in nursing during the Crimean War, where she tended to wounded soldiers. She was dubbed "The Lady with the Lamp" after her habit of making rounds at night
  • 5. Cont… • In 1871, the first school of nursing was started in Government General Hospital, Madras with a six-month diploma midwives programme with four students. Between 1890 and 1900, many schools, under either missions or government, were started in various parts of India.
  • 6. COURSES IN NURSING • ANM • GNM • B.Sc (Nursing) • P.B.B.Sc (Nursing) • M.Sc (Nursing) • M.phill • P.hd (Nursing)
  • 7. TRAINED NURSES ASSOCIATION OF INDIA (TNAI)  It is a national professional organization of nurses in India.  The association had is beginning in the association of nursing superintended which was founded in 1905,at Lucknow.  At annual conference held in Bombay in 1908, a decision was taken to establish the trained nurses association.  The association was inaugurated in 1909.
  • 8.  In1922 the association of nursing superintends and trained nurses association were amalgamated and called the trained nurses association of India (TNAI).  In1947 the TNAI become a member of common wealth nurses federation(CNF)  The nursing jounaral of India is the officially publication of TNAI and publish monthly.  Headquarter of the trained nurses association of India, new Delhi.
  • 9. Vision statement of TNAI “To develop nursing as a profession and another need to provide a form where professional nurses could meet in counsel and plan to achieve those ends”.
  • 10. Objective of TNAI  Upgrading, developing and standardization of nursing education.  Improvement of living working condition and educational condition for nurses.  Improve economics status of nurses in the country.  Recommends the state government to appoint a nurse as a director.
  • 11. FUNCTION OF TNAI  To publish nursing journal of India.  To raise funds.  Professional visits.  Welfare funds.  Scholarship for education.
  • 12. INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL (INC) The Indian Nursing Council is an Autonomous Body under the Government of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare was constituted by the Central Government under section 3(1) of the Indian Nursing Council Act, 1947 of parliament in order to establish a uniform standard of training for nurses, Midwives and health visitors.
  • 13. INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL ACT, 1947 Act No. of Year: ACT NO. 48 OF 1947 Enactment Date: [31st December, 1947.] Act Objective:  An Act to constitute an Indian Nursing Council.  To establish a uniform standard of training for nurses, midwives and health visitors.
  • 14. PURPOSE OF INC • The purpose of inc establishment is to formulate a national policy for training and practice of nursing depending mainly on the culture and philosophy of country(india)
  • 15. FUNCTIONS OF INC  Recognizes nurses as a separate branch in health service.  Regulate nursing training and sets uniform standard of training for nurses throughout the country.  Construct syallabus for all nursing programs.  Permits title, badges ,uniforms, for registered nurses.
  • 16. Functions of INC  Withdrawal of reorganization of nursing institutions.  To regulate nursing practice.  Power to make regulations.  Maintenance of Indian nurse register.  Inspection of school and colleges of nursing.
  • 17. RECOMMENDATIONS OF VARIOUS COMMITTEES PERTAINING TO NURSING EDUCATION
  • 18. BHORE COMMITTEE-1946 • Sir Joseph Williams Bhore. • Integration of preventive and curative service to all. • Major change in medical education (3months training in preventive and social medicine to prepare “social physicians”.) • Development of Public health centers.
  • 19. SHETTY COMMITTEE-1954 Chairman Mr shetty and ms adranvala is member secrotary.  Improvement in conditions of training of nurses.  Minimum requirement for admission to be in accordance with regulation of the INC.
  • 20. MUDILIAR COMMITTE • Dr A.L.Mudiliar chairman. • Strengthening of district hospital with specialist service. • Regional organization in each state between the headquarter organization and the district incharge of a regional deputy or assistant director-each to supervise 2-3 medical officers.
  • 21. Cont… • Each phc not to serve more than 40,000 population • To improve the quality of health provided by phc. • Integration of medical and health service .
  • 22. MUKHERJEE COMMITTEE- 1996 Mukherjee committee, 1966. • The committee recommended separate staff for the family planning program. • The family planning assistant where to undertake family planning duties only. • The basic health worker where to be utilized for purpose other than family planning.
  • 23. KARTAR SINGH COMMITTEE - 1974 Kartar singh committee,1972-73 • Family planning health worker were replaced by Multipurpose health worker. • Present day lady health visitors(LHV) designated as female health supervisors. • Accepted by government of india in 5th five year plan.
  • 24. SAROJINI VARADAPPAN COMMITTEE Sarojini varadappan committee, 1990(A high power committee on nursing and nursing profession.)  Two levels of nursing personnel  Post basic BSc nursing degree to continue  Masters in nursing programme to be increased and strengthened.  Doctorate in nursing programme to be started in selected university.  Continuing education and staff development for nurses.
  • 25. WORKING GROUP ON NURSING EDUCATION AND MANPOWER,1991  By 2020 the GNM programme to be phased out  Curriculum of B.Sc nursing to be modified  Staffing norm should be as per INC  There should be deliberate plan for preparation of teachers M.Sc/M.phil and Ph Ddegrees.  Improvement in functioning of INC  Importance of continuing education for nurses.
  • 26. DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING EDUCATION Training of dias The Dai training continued past independence. The goal was to train one Dias each village and ultimate goal was to train all the practicing Dais in country. Duration of training was 30 days, No age limit was prescribed, training include theory and practice, more emphasis on field practice. This training was done at sub centre and equipments provided by UNICEF.
  • 27. AUXILLARY NURSE MIDWIFE In 1950 Indian Nursing Council came out with an important decision that there should be only two standard of training nursing and midwifery, subsequently the curriculum for these courses were prescribed. The first course was started at St. Marys Hospital Punjab,1951.The entrance qualification was up to 7/8 years of schooling. The period of training was 2 years witch include a 9 month of midwifery and 3months of community experience. In 1977, as a result of the decision to prepare multipurpose health worker & vocationalization of higher secondary education,
  • 28. • curriculum was revised a designed to have 1.5 year of vocationalzed ANM programme and six months of general education. The entrance qualification was raised from 7th passed to matriculation passed .Under multipurpose scheme promotional avenue was opened to senior ANMS for undergoing six months promotional training for which course was prescribed by INC.
  • 29. LADY HEALTH VISITOR COURSE • Training of LHV course continued post independence. The syllabus prepared and prescribed by INC in 1951.Theentrance qualification was matriculation. The duration was two and a half years which subsequently reduced to 2 years.
  • 30. GENERAL NURSING AND MIDWIFERY COURSE  GNM course existed since early years of century.  In 1951,syllabus was prescribed by INC.  In 1954 a special provision was made for male nurse.  First revision of course was done in 1963. The duration of course was reduced from 4 years to 3.5years.  Second revision was done in 1982. The duration of the course reduced to 3 years.  The Midwifery training of one year duration was gradually reduced to 9 months and then six months, finally three year integrated programme of GNM was prescribed in 1982.
  • 31. POST-BASIC/POST CERTIFICATE SHORT-TERM COURSES AND DIPLOMA PROGRAMMES The ultimate aim of all the post-basic/post certificate programme is to improvement of quality of patient care and promotion of health.
  • 32. UNIVERSITY-LEVEL PROGRAMMERS Basic B.Sc Nursing First university programme started just before independence in 1946 at university of Delhi and Christian medical college (CMC) Vellore. INC prescribes the syllabus which has been revised three times, the last revision was done in 1981.It was done on basis of the 10+3+2 system of general education. At present the BSc Nursing programme which is recommended by the INC is of four years and have foundations for future study and specialization in nursing.
  • 33. POST BASIC BSC NURSING  The need for higher training for certificate nurses was stressed by the Mudaliar Committee in1962. Two years post basic certificate BSc(N) programme was started in December 1962.  For nurses with diploma in general and midwifery with minimum of 2 years experience.  First started by university of Trivandrum.  At present there are many colleges in India offering Pc BSc(N) Course
  • 34. POST BASIC NURSING BY DISTANCE EDUCATION MODE In1985 Indira Gandhi National open university was established(IGNOU) In1992 Post Basic BSc Nursing programme was launched, which is three years duration course is recognized by INC.
  • 35. POST- GRADUATE EDUCATION- MSCNURSING First two years course in masters of nursing was started at RAK (Rajkumari Amrit Kaur)College of Nursing delhi in 1959.and in 1969 in CMC Vellore. At present there are many colleges imparting MSc Nursing degree course in different specialties.
  • 36. M.Phil INC felt need for M.Phil programme as early on 1977,for this purpose committee was appointed. In 1986 one year full time and two years part time programme was started in RAK College of nursing Delhi.
  • 37. Current Educational Patterns In Nursing 1.Non University Programme • Basic – ANM-GNM • Advance-Post-Certificate diploma 2. University Programme • Basic- BSc(N) • Post-Basic BSc(Regular) • Post-Basic BSc(N).IGNOU • Advance:MSc (Nursing) • M. phil • Ph.D.