Tim Berners-Lee created HTML in the early 1990s at CERN to share data between physicists. It was the underpinning language of the newly created World Wide Web. The first HTML specification was released in 1991 with 18 tags. Over the 1990s, HTML evolved through versions 1, 2, 3.2, and 4 to support more multimedia and interactivity. XHTML was created in 2000 as a reformulation of HTML using XML. HTML5 was started in 2006 to update HTML for modern web applications while maintaining backward compatibility.
2. CERN
World Wide Web
Early 1990s
Touch Screens
Frank Beck and Bent
Stumpe
1970 - 1973
Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire
(European Council for Nuclear Research)
3. Internet | World Wide Web
CERN - European Organization for Nuclear
Research
Tim Berners-Lee – ENQUIRE - 1980
Berners-Lee specified HTML and wrote the browser
and server software in late 1990
HTML Tags – First documentation by Mr. Lee in
1991.
4. Hypertext and Hyperlink
In computing, a hyperlink,
or simply a link, is a
reference to data that the
reader can directly follow
either by clicking, tapping,
or hovering.
The text that comes with a
hyperlink is known as
hypertext.
5. Hyperlinks in HTML
Tim Berners-Lee saw the possibility of using hyperlinks to link
any information to any other information over the Internet.
Hyperlinks were therefore integral to the creation of the
World Wide Web.
Web pages are written in the hypertext mark-up language
HTML.
<a href="http://www.w3.org">W3C organization website</a>
6. 1991 – A Revolutionary Year
Berners-Lee posted a short summary of the World
Wide Web project on the alt.hypertext newsgroup:
“The WorldWideWeb (WWW) project aims to allow
all links to be made to any information anywhere.
[…] The WWW project was started to
allow high energy physicists to share data, news,
and documentation. We are very interested in
spreading the web to other areas, and having
gateway servers for other data. Collaborators
welcome!”
7. The Browser
Berners-Lee wrote the first web browser
WorldWideWeb, later renamed Nexus, and released
it for the NeXTstep platform
8. HTML
HTML is a markup language that web browsers use to
interpret and compose text, images, and other material into
visual or audible web pages.
A total of 18 tags were introduced in HTML 1.
Influenced by Standard Generalized Markup Language
(SGML)-based documentation format at CERN
10. WWW-talk Mailing List
From the year 1992, web application started rolling
off.
A mail group was created by Tim to discuss ideas
with other researchers.
A new browser was also created named Mosaic.
To incorporate images, <img> tag was introduced by
Marc Andreessen from Mosaic team.
HTML Working Group
Lynx, a text-based browser for terminal and DOS
machines.
13. HTML 2
HTML 2.0 included everything from the original 1.0
specifications but added a few new features to the mix.
HTML 2.0 becomes the first official set of standards for HTML
– the base standard by which all browsers were measured until
HTML 3.2.
HTML 2.0 was used as a benchmark during the Web explosion.
It introduced block structuring elements
14. Netscape
Mosaic Communications, later renamed Netscape
Communications, releases Netscape, based on the
National Center for Supercomputing Applications’
(NCSA) Mosaic browser- the 1st commercial web
browser with a graphical interface.
16. DOCTYPE
A document type declaration, or DOCTYPE, is an
instruction that associates a particular SGML or XML
document (for example, a webpage) with a document type
definition (DTD) (for example, the formal definition of a
particular version of HTML1.0 - HTML 4.0).
20. HTML 4.01
Cougar is the code name for what becomes HTML 4.0,
published as a recommendation in late 1997 and finally
approved as HTML 4.01.
This version includes Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), an
easier way to control presentational elements, like colors,
fonts, and backgrounds.
It removed they style related tags incorporated in Html.
22.
After HTML 4.01, there was no new version of HTML for
many years as development of the parallel, XML-based
language XHTML occupied the W3C's HTML Working
Group through the early and mid-2000s.
24. SGML & XML
SGML is what is called a metalanguage; that is, a language
that is used to define other languages.
To make its power available to web developers, SGML was
used to create XML (eXtensible Markup Language), a
simplified version, and also a metalanguage.
25. XHTML - 2000
The pre-existing HTML 4.01 tags and attributes were used as
the vocabulary of this new Markup language, with XML
providing the rules of how they are put together.
It mirrors or extends versions of the widely used Hypertext
Markup Language (HTML), the language in which Web
pages are formulated.
29. In October 2006, HTML inventor and
W3C chair Tim Berners-Lee, said,
"The attempt to get the world to switch to XML … all at once
didn't work. The large HTML-generating public did not move …
Some large communities did shift and are enjoying the fruits of
well-formed systems …
The plan is to charter a completely new HTML group."[38] The
current HTML5 working draft says "special attention has been
given to defining clear conformance criteria for user agents in an
effort to improve interoperability … while at the same time
updating the HTML specifications to address issues raised in the
past few years."