HyperText Markup Language - HTML

HTML Basics
HTML, Text, Images, Tables

Table of Contents
© Sun Technologies Inc. 2
1. Introduction to HTML
How the Web Works?
What is a Web Page?
My First HTML Page
Basic Tags: Hyperlinks, Images, Formatting
Headings and Paragraphs
2. HTML in Details
The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
The <head> Section: Title, Meta, Script, Style

Table of Contents (2)
2. HTML in Details
• The <body> Section
• Text Styling and Formatting Tags
• Hyperlinks: <a>, Hyperlinks and Sections
• Images: <img>
• Lists: <ol>, <ul> and <dl>
3. The <div> and <span> elements
4. HTML Tables
5. HTML Forms

How the Web Works?• WWW use classical client / server architecture
• HTTP is text-based request-response protocol
4
Page request
Client running a
Web Browser
Server running
Web Server
Software (IIS,
Apache, etc.)
Server response
HTTP
HTTP
© Sun Technologies Inc.

What is a Web Page?
• Web pages are text files containing HTML
• HTML – Hyper Text Markup Language
• A notation for describing
• document structure (semantic markup)
• formatting (presentation markup)
• The markup tags provide information about the page content
structure
5© Sun Technologies Inc.

Creating HTML Pages• An HTML file must have an .htm or .html file
extension
• HTML files can be created with text editors:
• NotePad, NotePad ++, PSPad
• Or HTML editors (WYSIWYG Editors):
• Microsoft FrontPage
• Macromedia Dreamweaver
• Netscape Composer
• Microsoft Word
• Visual Studio

HTML Basics
Text, Images, Tables, Forms

HTML Structure
• HTML is comprised of “elements” and “tags”
• Begins with <html> and ends with </html>
• Elements (tags) are nested one inside another:
• Tags have attributes:
• HTML describes structure using two main sections:
<head> and <body>
8
<html> <head></head> <body></body> </html>
<img src="logo.jpg" alt="logo" />

HTML Code Formatting• The HTML source code should be formatted to
increase readability and facilitate debugging.
• Every block element should start on a new line.
• Every nested (block) element should be
indented.
• Browsers ignore multiple whitespaces in the
page source, so formatting is harmless.
• For performance reasons, formatting can be
sacrificed

First HTML Page
10
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>My First HTML Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This is some text...</p>
</body>
</html>
test.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
First HTML Page: Tags
11
Opening
tag
Closing
tag
An HTML element consists of an opening tag, a closing tag and the content
inside.

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
First HTML Page: Header
12
HTML
header

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
First HTML Page: Body
HTML body

Some Simple Tags
• Hyperlink Tags
• Image Tags
• Text formatting tags
<a href="http://www.telerik.com/"
title="Telerik">Link to Telerik Web site</a>
<img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" />
This text is <em>emphasized.</em>
<br />new line<br />
This one is <strong>more emphasized.</strong>

Some Simple Tags – Example
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>Simple Tags Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="http://www.telerik.com/" title=
"Telerik site">This is a link.</a>
<br />
<br />
<strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.
</body>
</html>
some-tags.html

Some Simple Tags – Example (2)
16
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>Simple Tags Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="http://www.telerik.com/" title=
"Telerik site">This is a link.</a>
<br />
<br />
<strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.
</body>
</html>
some-tags.html

Tags Attributes• Tags can have attributes
• Attributes specify properties and behavior
• Example:
• Few attributes can apply to every element:
• id, style, class, title
• The id is unique in the document
• Content of title attribute is displayed as hint when the element is
hovered with the mouse
• Some elements have obligatory attributes
17
Attribute alt with value "logo"

Headings and Paragraphs
• Heading Tags (h1 – h6)
• Paragraph Tags
• Sections: div and span
18
<p>This is my first paragraph</p>
<p>This is my second paragraph</p>
<h1>Heading 1</h1>
<h2>Sub heading 2</h2>
<div style="background: skyblue;">
This is a div</div>

Headings and Paragraphs – Example
19
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head><title>Headings and paragraphs</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Heading 1</h1>
<div style="background:skyblue">
This is a div</div>
</body>
</html>
headings.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head><title>Headings and paragraphs</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Heading 1</h1>
<div style="background:skyblue">
This is a div</div>
</body>
</html>
Headings and Paragraphs – Example (2)
20
headings.html

Introduction to HTML
HTML Document Structure in Depth

Preface
• It is important to have the correct vision and attitude towards
HTML
• HTML is only about structure, not appearance
• Browsers tolerate invalid HTML code and parse errors – you should
not.

The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration• HTML documents must start with a document
type definition (DTD)
• It tells web browsers what type is the served
code
• Possible versions: HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0
(Transitional or Strict), XHTML 1.1, HTML 5
• Example:
• See http://w3.org/QA/2002/04/valid-dtd-list.html for a
list of possible doctypes
23
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

The <head> Section
• Contains information that doesn’t show directly on
the viewable page
• Starts after the <!doctype> declaration
• Begins with <head> and ends with </head>
• Contains mandatory single <title> tag
• Can contain some other tags, e.g.
• <meta>
• <script>
• <style>
• <!–- comments -->

<head> Section: <title> tag• Title should be placed between <head> and
</head> tags
• Used to specify a title in the window title bar
• Search engines and people rely on titles
25
<title>Telerik Academy – Winter Season 2009/2010
</title>

<head> Section: <meta>
• Meta tags additionally describe the content
contained within the page
26
<meta name="description" content="HTML tutorial"
/>
<meta name="keywords" content="html, web design,
styles" />
<meta name="author" content="Chris Brewer" />
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5;
url=http://www.telerik.com" />

<head> Section: <script>
• The <script> element is used to embed scripts
into an HTML document
• Script are executed in the client's Web browser
• Scripts can live in the <head> and in the <body>
sections
• Supported client-side scripting languages:
• JavaScript (it is not Java!)
• VBScript
• JScript
27

The <script> Tag – Example
28
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript Example</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function sayHello() {
document.write("<p>Hello World!</p>");
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<script type=
"text/javascript">
sayHello();
</script>
</body>
</html>
scripts-example.html

<head> Section: <style>• The <style> element embeds formatting
information (CSS styles) into an HTML page
29
<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
p { font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12pt; }
p:first-letter { font-size: 200%; }
span { text-transform: uppercase; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Styles demo.<br />
<span>Test uppercase</span>.
</p>
</body>
</html>
style-example.html

Comments:  Tag• Comments can exist anywhere between the
<html></html> tags
• Comments start with 
30
<!–- Telerik Logo (a JPG file) -->
<img src="logo.jpg" alt=“Telerik Logo">
<!–- Hyperlink to the web site -->
<a href="http://telerik.com/">Telerik</a>
<!–- Show the news table -->
<table class="newstable">
...

<body> Section: Introduction
• The <body> section describes the viewable portion
of the page
• Starts after the <head> </head> section
• Begins with <body> and ends with </body>
31
<html>
<head><title>Test page</title></head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

Text Formatting
• Text formatting tags modify the text between the
opening tag and the closing tag
• Ex. <b>Hello</b> makes “Hello” bold
<b></b> bold
<i></i> italicized
<u></u> underlined
<sup></sup> Samplesuperscript
<sub></sub> Samplesubscript
<strong></strong> strong
<em></em> emphasized
<pre></pre> Preformatted text
<blockquote></blockquote> Quoted text block
<del></del> Deleted text – strike through
32

Text Formatting – Example
33
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Notice</h1>
<p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p>
<p><pre>Next paragraph:
preformatted.</pre></p>
<h2>More Info</h2>
<p>Specifically, we’re using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br />
Next line.</p>
</body>
</html>
text-formatting.html

Text Formatting – Example (2)
34
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Notice</h1>
<p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p>
<p><pre>Next paragraph:
preformatted.</pre></p>
<h2>More Info</h2>
<p>Specifically, we’re using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br />
Next line.</p>
</body>
</html>
text-formatting.html

Hyperlinks: <a> Tag
• Link to a document called form.html on the same
server in the same directory:
• Link to a document called parent.html on the same
server in the parent directory:
• Link to a document called cat.html on the same
server in the subdirectory stuff:
35
<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a>
<a href="../parent.html">Parent</a>
<a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a>

Hyperlinks: <a> Tag (2)
• Link to an external Web site:
• Always use a full URL, including "http://", not just
"www.somesite.com"
• Using the target="_blank" attribute opens the link in
a new window
• Link to an e-mail address:
36
<a href="http://www.devbg.org" target="_blank">BASD</a>
<a
href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=Bug+Report">
Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>

Hyperlinks: <a> Tag (3)• Link to a document called apply-now.html
• On the same server, in same directory
• Using an image as a link button:
• Link to a document called index.html
• On the same server, in the subdirectory english
of the parent directory:
37
<a href="apply-now.html"><img
src="apply-now-button.jpg" /></a>
<a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English
version</a>

Hyperlinks and Sections• Link to another location in the same
document:
• Link to a specific location in another
document:
38
<a href="#section1">Go to Introduction</a>
...
<h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2>
<a href="chapter3.html#section3.1.1">Go to Section 3.1.1</a>
<!–- In chapter3.html -->
...
<div id="section3.1.1">
<h3>3.1.1. Technical Background</h3>
</div>

Hyperlinks – Example
39
<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br />
<a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br />
<a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br />
<a href="http://www.devbg.org" target="_blank">BASD</a> <br
/>
<a href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=Bug
Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>
<br />
<a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-button.jpg”
/></a> <br />
<a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English version</a> <br
/>
hyperlinks.html

<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br />
<a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br />
<a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br />
<a href="http://www.devbg.org" target="_blank">BASD</a> <br />
<a href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=Bug Report">Please
report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>
<br />
<a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-button.jpg” /></a>
<br />
<a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English version</a> <br />
hyperlinks.htmlHyperlinks – Example (2)

Links to the Same Document – Example
41
<h1>Table of Contents</h1>
<p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br />
<a href="#section2">Some background</A><br />
<a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br />
...the rest of the table of contents...

... Section 1 follows here ...
<h2 id="section2">Some background</h2>
<h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3>
... Section 2.1 follows here ...
links-to-same-document.html

Links to the Same Document –
Example (2)
42
<h1>Table of Contents</h1>
<p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br />
<a href="#section2">Some background</A><br />
<a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br />
...the rest of the table of contents...

<h2 id="section2">Some background</h2>
<h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3>
... Section 2.1 follows here ...
links-to-same-document.html

 Inserting an image with <img> tag:
 Image attributes:
 Example:
Images: <img> tag
src Location of image file (relative or absolute)
alt Substitute text for display (e.g. in text mode)
height Number of pixels of the height
width Number of pixels of the width
border Size of border, 0 for no border
<img src="/img/basd-logo.png">
<img src="./php.png" alt="PHP Logo" />
43

Miscellaneous Tags
• <hr />: Draws a horizontal rule (line):
• <center></center>: Deprecated!
• <font></font>:
44
<hr size="5" width="70%" />
<center>Hello World!</center>
<font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font>
<font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font>

Miscellaneous Tags – Example
45
<html>
<head>
<title>Miscellaneous Tags Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<hr size="5" width="70%" />
<center>Hello World!</center>
<font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font>
<font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font>
</body>
</html>
misc.html

a. Apple
b. Orange
c. Grapefruit
Ordered Lists: <ol> Tag
• Create an Ordered List using <ol></ol>:
• Attribute values for type are 1, A, a, I, or i
46
1. Apple
2. Orange
3. Grapefruit
A. Apple
B. Orange
C. Grapefruit
I. Apple
II. Orange
III. Grapefruit
i. Apple
ii. Orange
iii. Grapefruit
<ol type="1">
<li>Apple</li>
<li>Orange</li>
<li>Grapefruit</li>
</ol>

Unordered Lists: <ul> Tag• Create an Unordered List using <ul></ul>:
• Attribute values for type are:
• disc, circle or square
47
• Apple
• Orange
• Pear
o Apple
o Orange
o Pear
 Apple
 Orange
 Pear
<ul type="disk">
<li>Apple</li>
<li>Orange</li>
<li>Grapefruit</li>
</ul>

Definition lists: <dl> tag
• Create definition lists using <dl>
• Pairs of text and associated definition; text is in
<dt> tag, definition in <dd> tag
• Renders without bullets
• Definition is indented
48
<dl>
<dt>HTML</dt>
<dd>A markup language …</dd>
<dt>CSS</dt>
<dd>Language used to …</dd>
</dl>

Lists – Example
49
<ol type="1">
<li>Apple</li>
<li>Orange</li>
<li>Grapefruit</li>
</ol>
<ul type="disc">
<li>Apple</li>
<li>Orange</li>
<li>Grapefruit</li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>HTML</dt>
<dd>A markup lang…</dd>
</dl>
lists.html

HTML Special Characters
££British Pound
€€Euro
""Quotation Mark
¥¥Japanese Yen
——Em Dash
 Non-breaking Space
&&Ampersand
>>Greater Than
<<Less Than
™™Trademark Sign
®®Registered Trademark Sign
©©Copyright Sign
SymbolHTML EntitySymbol Name
50
© Sun Technologies Inc

Special Characters – Example
51
<p>[>>  Welcome
  <<]</p>
<p>►I have following cards:
A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p>
<p>►I prefer hard rock ♫
music ♫</p>
<p>© 2006 by Svetlin Nakov & his team</p>
<p>Telerik Academy™</p>
special-chars.html

Special Chars – Example (2)
52
<p>[>>  Welcome
  <<]</p>
<p>►I have following cards:
A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p>
<p>►I prefer hard rock ♫
music ♫</p>
<p>© 2006 by Svetlin Nakov & his team</p>
<p>Telerik Academy™</p>
special-chars.html

Using <DIV> and <SPAN>
Block and Inline Elements

Block and Inline Elements
• Block elements add a line break before and after them
• <div> is a block element
• Other block elements are <table>, <hr>, headings, lists, <p> and etc.
• Inline elements don’t break the text before and after them
• <span> is an inline element
• Most HTML elements are inline, e.g. <a>

The <div> Tag
• <div> creates logical divisions within a page
• Block style element
• Used with CSS
• Example:
55
<div style="font-size:24px; color:red">DIV example</div>
<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-
weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>
div-and-span.html

The <span> Tag
• Inline style element
• Useful for modifying a specific portion of text
• Don't create a separate area (paragraph) in the
document
• Very useful with CSS
56
<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-
weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>
<p>This one is another <span style="font-size:32px; font-
weight:bold">TEST</span>.</p>
span.html

HTML Tables
• Tables represent tabular data
• A table consists of one or several rows
• Each row has one or more columns
• Tables comprised of several core tags:
<table></table>: begin / end the table
<tr></tr>: create a table row
<td></td>: create tabular data (cell)
• Tables should not be used for layout. Use CSS floats
58

HTML Tables (2)
• Start and end of a table
• Start and end of a row
• Start and end of a cell in a row
59
<table> ... </table>
<tr> ... </tr>
<td> ... </td>

Simple HTML Tables – Example
60
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5">
<tr>
<td><img src="ppt.gif"></td>
<td><a href="lecture1.ppt">Lecture 1</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img src="zip.gif"></td>
<td><a href="lecture2-demos.zip">
Lecture 2 - Demos</a></td>
</tr>
</table>

<tr>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img src="zip.gif"></td>
<td><a href="lecture2-demos.zip">
Lecture 2 - Demos</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
Simple HTML Tables – Example (2)

Complete HTML Tables
• Table rows split into three semantic sections: header, body and
footer
• <thead> denotes table header and contains <th> elements, instead of
<td> elements
• <tbody> denotes collection of table rows that contain the very data
• <tfoot> denotes table footer but comes BEFORE the <tbody> tag
• <colgroup> and <col> define columns (most often used to set column
widths)

Complete HTML Table: Example
63
<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width:100px" /><col />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr><th>Column 1</th><th>Column 2</th></tr>
</thead>
<tfoot>
<tr><td>Footer 1</td><td>Footer 2</td></tr>
</tfoot>
<tbody>
<tr><td>Cell 1.1</td><td>Cell 1.2</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
header
footer
Last comes the body
(data)
th
columns

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width:200px" /><col />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr><th>Column 1</th><th>Column 2</th></tr>
</thead>
<tfoot>
<tr><td>Footer 1</td><td>Footer 2</td></tr>
</tfoot>
<tbody>
</tbody>
</table>
Complete HTML Table:
Example (2)
64
table-full.html
Although the footer
is before the data in
the code, it is
displayed last
By default, header
text is bold and
centered.

Nested Tables• Table data “cells” (<td>) can contain nested
tables (tables within tables):
65
<table>
<tr>
<td>Contact:</td>
<td>
<table>
<tr>
<td>First Name</td>
<td>Last Name</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
nested-tables.html

 cellpadding
 Defines the empty
space around the
cell content
 cellspacing
 Defines the
empty space
between cells
Cell Spacing and Padding• Tables have two important attributes:
66
cell cell
cell cell
cell
cell
cell
cell

Cell Spacing and Padding – Example
67
<html>
<head><title>Table Cells</title></head>
<body>
<tr><td>First</td>
<td>Second</td></tr>
</table>
<br/>
<tr><td>First</td><td>Second</td></tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
table-cells.html

Cell Spacing and Padding – Example (2)
68
<html>
<head><title>Table Cells</title></head>
<body>
<tr><td>First</td>
<td>Second</td></tr>
</table>
<br/>
<tr><td>First</td><td>Second</td></tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
table-
cells.html

 rowspan
 Defines how
many rows the
cell occupies
 colspan
 Defines how
many columns
the cell occupies
Column and Row Span• Table cells have two important attributes:
69
cell[1,1
]
cell[1,2]
cell[2,1]
colspan="
1"
colspan="
1"
colspan="
2"
cell[1,1]
cell[1,2
]
cell[2,1
]
rowspan="
2"
rowspan="
1"
rowspan="
1"

Column and Row Span – Example
70
<table cellspacing="0">
<tr class="1"><td>Cell[1,1]</td>
<td colspan="2">Cell[2,1]</td></tr>
<tr class=“2"><td>Cell[1,2]</td>
<td rowspan="2">Cell[2,2]</td>
<td>Cell[3,2]</td></tr>
</table>
table-colspan-rowspan.html

<table cellspacing="0">
<tr class="1"><td>Cell[1,1]</td>
<td colspan="2">Cell[2,1]</td></tr>
<td rowspan="2">Cell[2,2]</td>
</table>
Column and Row Span –
Example (2)
71
table-colspan-rowspan.html
Cell[2,3]Cell[1,3]
Cell[3,2]
Cell[2,2]
Cell[1,2]
Cell[2,1]Cell[1,1]

HTML FormsEntering User Data from a Web
Page

HTML Forms
• Forms are the primary method for gathering data
from site visitors
• Create a form block with
• Example:
73
<form></form>
<form name="myForm" method="post"
action="path/to/some-script.php">
...
</form>
The "action" attribute tells where
the form data should be sent
The “method" attribute tells
how the form data should be
sent – via GET or POST request

Form Fields• Single-line text input fields:
• Multi-line textarea fields:
• Hidden fields contain data not shown to the
user:
• Often used by JavaScript code
76
<input type="text" name="FirstName"
value="This is a text field" />
<textarea name="Comments">This is a multi-line
text field</textarea>
<input type="hidden" name="Account"
value="This is a hidden text field" />

Fieldsets• Fieldsets are used to enclose a group of
related form fields:
75
<form method="post" action="form.aspx">
<fieldset>
<legend>Client Details</legend>
<input type="text" id="Name" />
<input type="text" id="Phone" />
</fieldset>
<fieldset>
<legend>Order Details</legend>
<input type="text" id="Quantity" />
<textarea cols="40" rows="10"
id="Remarks"></textarea>
</fieldset>
</form>

Form Input Controls
• Checkboxes:
• Radio buttons:
• Radio buttons can be grouped, allowing only
one to be selected from a group:
76
<input type="checkbox" name="fruit" value="apple" />
<input type="radio" name="title" value="Mr." />
<input type="radio" name="city" value="Lom" />
<input type="radio" name="city" value="Ruse" />

Other Form Controls• Dropdown menus:
• Submit button:
77
<select name="gender">
<option value="Value 1"
selected="selected">Male</option>
<option value="Value
2">Female</option>
<option value="Value 3">Other</option>
</select>
<input type="submit" name="submitBtn" value="Apply
Now" />

Other Form Controls (2)
• Reset button – brings the form to its initial state
• Image button – acts like submit but image is
displayed and click coordinates are sent
• Ordinary button – used for Javascript, no default
action
78
<input type="reset" name="resetBtn" value="Reset the
form" />
<input type="image" src="submit.gif"
name="submitBtn" alt="Submit" />
<input type="button" value="click me" />

• Password input – a text field which masks
the entered text with * signs
• Multiple select field – displays the list of
items in multiple lines, instead of one
79
<input type="password" name="pass" />
<select name="products" multiple="multiple">
<option value="Value 1"
selected="selected">keyboard</option>
<option value="Value 2">mouse</option>
<option value="Value 3">speakers</option>
</select>

• File input – a field used for uploading files
• When used, it requires the form element to have a specific
attribute:
80
<input type="file" name="photo" />
<form enctype="multipart/form-data">
...
<input type="file" name="photo" />
...
</form>

Labels
• Form labels are used to associate an
explanatory text to a form field using the
field's ID.
• Clicking on a label focuses its associated
field (checkboxes are toggled, radio buttons
are checked)
• Labels are both a usability and accessibility
feature and are required in order to pass
accessibility validation.
81
<label for="fn">First Name</label>
<input type="text" id="fn" />

HTML Forms – Example
82
<form method="post" action="apply-now.php">
<input name="subject" type="hidden" value="Class" />
<fieldset><legend>Academic information</legend>
<label for="degree">Degree</label>
<select name="degree" id="degree">
<option value="BA">Bachelor of Art</option>
<option value="BS">Bachelor of Science</option>
<option value="MBA" selected="selected">Master of
Business Administration</option>
</select>
<br />
<label for="studentid">Student ID</label>
<input type="password" name="studentid" />
</fieldset>
<fieldset><legend>Personal Details</legend>
<label for="fname">First Name</label>
<input type="text" name="fname" id="fname" />
<br />
<label for="lname">Last Name</label>
<input type="text" name="lname" id="lname" />
form.html

HTML Forms – Example (2)
83
<br />
Gender:
<input name="gender" type="radio" id="gm" value="m" />
<label for="gm">Male</label>
<input name="gender" type="radio" id="gf" value="f" />
<label for="gf">Female</label>
<br />
<label for="email">Email</label>
<input type="text" name="email" id="email" />
</fieldset>
<p>
<textarea name="terms" cols="30" rows="4"
readonly="readonly">TERMS AND CONDITIONS...</textarea>
</p>
<p>
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Send Form" />
<input type="reset" value="Clear Form" />
</p>
</form>
form.html (continued)

form.html (continued)
HTML Forms –
Example (3)

TabIndex
• The TabIndex HTML attribute controls the order
in which form fields and hyperlinks are focused
when repeatedly pressing the TAB key
• TabIndex="0" (zero) - "natural" order
• If X > Y, then elements with TabIndex="X" are iterated
before elements with TabIndex="Y"
• Elements with negative TabIndex are skipped,
however, this is not defined in the standard
85
<input type="text" tabindex="10" />

HTML Frames
<frameset>, <frame> and <iframe>

HTML Frames
• Frames provide a way to show multiple HTML documents in a
single Web page
• The page can be split into separate views (frames) horizontally
and vertically
• Frames were popular in the early ages of HTML development,
but now their usage is rejected
• Frames are not supported by all user agents (browsers, search
engines, etc.)
• A <noframes> element is used to provide content for non-compatible
agents.

HTML Frames – Demo
88
<html>
<head><title>Frames Example</title></head>
<frameset cols="180px,*,150px">
<frame src="left.html" />
<frame src="middle.html" />
<frame src="right.html" />
</frameset>
</html>
frames.html
 Note the target attribute applied to the <a>
elements in the left frame.

Inline Frames: <iframe>
• Inline frames provide a way to show one website inside another
website:
89
<iframe name="iframeGoogle" width="600" height="400"
src="http://www.google.com" frameborder="yes"
scrolling="yes"></iframe>
iframe-demo.html

HyperText Markup Language - HTML

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Editor's Notes