Ijarcet vol-2-issue-7-2297-2301

ISSN: 2278 – 1323
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET)
Volume 2, Issue 7, July 2013
2297
www.ijarcet.org
Performance Analysis of Various Application Protocols for MANET
Dr. Ravi Sindal
Associate Professor IET DAVV,
Indore M.P. India
Nidhi Jaiswal
M.E. Student IET DAVV
Indore M.P. India
Abstract—A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) consists of
mobile wireless nodes. The communication between these
mobile nodes is carried without any centralized control. The
ease of deployment and the infrastructure less nature of
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) make them highly
desirable for present day multi media communications. In this
paper we analyze the performance of TCP/IP based
application protocol (HTTP, FTP) via increasing number of
nodes and observing its effect on parameters like throughput,
network load, media access delay and traffic received.
Network simulation tool is OPNET Modeler (Ver. 14.5).
Keywords—Ad-hoc,MANET,FTP,HTTP,OPNET.
I. INTRODUCTION
Ad-hoc, namely,Ad Hoc mode is a short-term wireless
network fremework which locates two or more wireless net
adapters without using any acess point.One of good features of
such networks is the flexibility and can be deployed very
easily. Thus it is suitable for the emergency situation. But on
the other side it is also very difficult to handle the operation of
ad hoc networks. Each node is responsible to handle its
operation[5].
MANET stands for Mobile Ad hoc Network. It is a robust
infrastructureless wireless network. A MANET can be formed
either by mobile nodes or by both fixed and mobile nodes.
Nodes randomly associate with each other forming arbitrary
topologies. They act as both routers and hosts. The ability of
mobile routers to self-configure makes this technology
suitable for provisioning communication to, for instance,
disaster-hit areas where there is no communication
infrastructure, conferences, or in emergency search and rescue
operations where a network connection is urgently required.
Figure-1 Mobile Ad-Hoc Network
The need for mobility in wireless networks necessitated the
formation of the MANET working group within The Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF) for developing consistent IP
routing protocols for both static and dynamic topologies. [6]
For any communication network it must be able to
tranposrt user traffic twards its targeted destination.the
communiaction performance of a network can effect the
satsfaction level of the users.The ability to send information at
high level speeds demanda low end-to-end delay. In addition
user would like to trasmit a variety of information, such as
data audio and video.An ad hoc network is not useful if it
cannot offer acceptable communication services. Given the
dynamics of the network topology, the underlying protocols
must be able to cope with these dynamics efficientrly while at
the same time yeilding good communication peformance.
II. APPLICATIONS
Applications are the predominant sources of traffic in the
network. It is the traffic generated by applications that loads
the network, makes demands on the bandwidth and the
underlying network technology, and creates load on the
servers. For the optimum performance of an application, you
must ensure that the network and server infrastructure are
designed to meet the requirements of the application.
Likewise, it is necessary to design applications so that they
minimize their impact on network and server resources. To do
this, it is necessary to first create an accurate model of the
application.
To be an accurate representation of the application, an
application model should have the same traffic characteristics
in terms of the size of the packets generated, the rate at which
they are generated, the transport protocol over which it runs
(e.g., TCP, UDP, fiber channel, etc.), the number of
simultaneous connections, timeouts, retransmissions, failure
and recovery and so on. Together these characteristics create a
run time traffic pattern of the application.
Each application has its unique traffic pattern, or signature,
and therefore creates its characteristic load on the network and
servers. Thus, the concept of application modeling is to
capture the traffic pattern of the applications of interest.[1]
III. STANDERD APPLICATIONS
Depending on their underlying networks, application
architectures may differ. Standard network applications are
implemented in a two-tier architecture in which the client
issues a request and a server or client receives the request and

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returns a response. This request-response exchange typically
happens within one "conversation" between the client and the
server, or between a client and another client. In this chapter,
we use the term "conversation" to represent a sequence of
activity between a client and a server within the context of a
given application. A conversation includes a pattern of data
exchanges, typically defined in a statistical manner that
repeats over time. [1]
Figure-2 Application Architecture
IV.FTP
File transfer and access in a computer network is viewed to be
an important function .In a distributed network environment,
there are diskless machine that have little or no file storage
ability. Such device can create, store, and update files to a
remotely connected file sever, which is another machine but
equipped with large storage and processing capability .There
are also cases where remote storage is used to archive data.
FTP is one of the earliest versions of file transfer software.
FTP uses TCP to ensure reliable transfer of file data. Although
this sounds simple, in actuality it is complex. Not only will a
TCP connection be established prior to data transfer but also
the need for authorization checks, naming and representation
among heterogeneous machines. FTP client need to apply a
valid login name and password to perform file transfer /access
operation.
FTP is interactive in that the user can enter specific commands
to store and retrieve files, large file transfer are supported by
FTP and timer is used to close a session if the connection is
inactive after some time prior’s be able to support FTP over an
ad hoc wireless network is attractive and desirable. There is no
need for transfer of floppy disk from one host to another. The
transfer of bits can be done over the-air, in a mutihop fashion
[4].
V.HTTP
Web access is getting more and more popular these days
with the arrival of the internet. The web server allows one to
advertise information to other User can download information
(video and audio clips, text files etc) into there local machines.
To ensure that web access and services can be supported in
ad hoc networks, an ad hoc mobile host is configured to be a
web server. The client then access a specific web page stored at
the web server, which is several wireless hops away. The client
is running a web browser and by specifying the HTTP address
of the specific web site, an underlying connection is established
from the client to the server [4].
VI. SIMULATION SCENARIO.
The research is carried out using direct event simulation
software known as OPNET (Optimized Network Engineering
Tool) Modeler version 14.5. It is one off the most widely used
commercial simulator based on Microsoft Windows platform
.the simulation focus on the performance of application
protocol in mobile ad hoc network therefore six simulation
scenario with no of node combination are considered. The
nodes are randomly placed within certain gap from each other
in 1000x1000m campus environment. The constant ftp, http
traffic was generated in the network i.e. user define via
Application and Profile Configuration. Every node in the
network was configured to execute AODV. The simulation
time was set to 120s [8].
Figure-3 MANET Topology
A) Traffic Flow Parameters
Traffic was generated in the network explicitly by
configuring user defined application and profile definition
1) Application Configuration
A heavier application traffic flow in the topology was
generated which each node will be processing from the
respective application traffic generated was as FTP-high load,
HTTP-Heavy browsing.
2) Profile Configuration
The Profile configuration for each application was defined as
Operation Mode: Serial (Ordered) and Start Time: application
start time was set to constant 5 seconds of time period.
3) Mobility Configuration
The Mobility configuration for whole network is set to random
way point with a constant speed of 10 meter/second.

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4) DES Configuration Parameter
The DES simulation criterion was run for total time of 120
seconds. The overall simulation monitored within the
following criteria:
 Duration: 2 minutes (120 seconds)
 Seed: 128
 Update Interval: 500000 events( This specifies how
often simulation calculates event/second data)
 Simulation kernel: Optimized (‘optimized’ kernel was
chosen because it run faster than the remaining other
two simulation kernels).[9]
TABLE 1 SIMULATION PARAMETER
PARAMETER VALUE
Number of nodes 3,5,10
Simulation time 10 second
Campus network size 1000m*1000m
Application FTP, HTTP
Start time offset 5 second
Duration 120 second
Mobility model Random way point
Speed 10 meter/second
Start time 5 second
VII. PERFORMANCE METRICS
This work focuses on three performance metrics which
are quantitatively measured. The performance metrics are
important to measure the performance and activities that
are running on Opnet simulation. These metrics are
Traffic Received (bytes/sec): Average bytes per second
forwarded to the HTTP/FTP applications by the transport
layers in the network.
Load (bits/sec): Represents the total load (in bits/sec)
submitted to wireless LAN layers by all higher layers in all
WLAN nodes of the network.
Media Access Delay (sec): Represents the global statistic for
the total of queuing and contention delays of the data,
management, delayed Block-ACK and Block-ACK Request
frames transmitted by all WLAN MACs in the network. For
each frame, this delay is calculated as the duration from the
time when it is inserted into the transmission queue, which is
arrival time for higher layer data packets and creation time for
all other frames types, until the time when the frame is sent to
the physical layer for the first time. Hence, it also includes the
period for the successful RTS/CTS exchange, if this exchange
is used prior to the transmission of that frame. Similarly, it
may also include multiple numbers of backoff periods, if the
MAC is 802.11e-capable and the initial transmission of the
frame is delayed due to one or more internal collisions [1].
VIII. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
The simulation results are shown below in the form of graphs.
Graphs show each parameter variation when number of node
varies.
Results for File Transfer Protocol
Figure-4 Traffic Received (bytes/sec)
Figure-4 Represents average bytes per second forwarded to
the FTP applications by the transport layers in the network. As
the number of node for the network is increases the Traffic
Received (bytes/sec) decreases.
Figure-5 Loads (bits/sec)
Figure-5 Represents the total load (in bits/sec) submitted to
wireless LAN layers by all higher layers in all WLAN nodes
of the network. As the number of node for the network is
increases the Load (bits/sec) for the network increases.

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Figure-6 Media Access Delay
Figure-6 Represents the global statistic for the total of
queuing and contention delays of the data, management,
delayed Block-ACK and Block-ACK Request frames
transmitted by all WLAN MACs in the network. As the
number of node for the network increases the Media
Access delay (sec) for the network increases.
Results for Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Figure-7 Traffic Received (bytes/sec)
Figure-7 Represents average bytes per second forwarded to
the HTTP applications by the transport layers in the network.
As the number of node for the network is increases there is not
any linear variation of Traffic Received (bytes/sec).
Figure-8 Loads (bits/sec)
Figure-8 Represents the total load (in bits/sec) submitted to
wireless LAN layers by all higher layers in all WLAN nodes
of the network. As the number of node for the network is
increases the Load (bits/sec) increases.
Figure -9 Media Access Delay
Figure-9 Represents the global statistic for the total of queuing
and contention delays of the data, management, delayed Block-
ACK and Block-ACK Request frames transmitted by all
WLAN MACs in the network. As the number of node for the
network increases the Media Access delay (sec) for the
network increases
IX. CONCLUSION
This paper we analyze the slandered application protocol.
The considerable observation is, simulation results agree with
expected results based on theoretical analysis. Mobile ad-hoc
networks are wireless networks that use multi-hop instead of
static networks infrastructure to provide network connectivity.

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From the experimental results we conclude that increase in the
number of nodes will cause increase in media access delay and
network load. Same way we can also analyze other application
such as Voice, Video, Email and remote login.
REFERENCES
1. www.opnet.com
2. Emad Aboelela, Network Simulation Experimental
Manual Second Edition pp 118-129.
3. C.K.Toh “Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks
Protocols and Systems” Pearson Edition pp.137
140.
4. Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and
Physical Layer (PHY) Specification, Tech. Rep. 802.11.
(1999) IEEE Network.
5. Rajesh Kumar Chakrawarti, Madhulika “A QoS-
based Measurement of DSR and TORA Reactive
Routing Protocols in MANET” International Journal of
Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology
Volume 1, Issue 3,May 2012 pp 80-84.
6. R. Misra and C.R. Mandal, “Performance comparison
of AODV/DSR on-demand routing protocols for ad
hoc Networks in constrained situation” ICPWC
International Conference, IEEE, 2005, pp. 86 – 89.
7. R. Cheng, H. Lin, “A Cross-layer Design for TCP
End-to-End Performance Improvement in multi-hop
Wireless Networks”, ELSEVIER, Computer
communication Vol.31, issue 14, pp. 3145-3152, Sep.
2008.
8. Sunil kumar, Jyotsana Sengupta “AODV and OLSR
Protocol for Wireless Ad-hoc and Mesh Networks.

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