European powers agreed on rules for dividing African territory in the late 19th century, requiring countries to demonstrate control over claimed lands. By 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia maintained independence from European control due to military and diplomatic advantages. Technological advances like quinine and new weapons gave Europeans an edge over African nations, though Ethiopia successfully resisted Italian invasion through alliances with multiple European powers and amassing arsenals of modern weapons. Islamic lands also fell to European colonialism in the 18th-19th centuries as their political and economic power waned.
9. 14 nations agree on rules for division
Countries must claim land and prove ability
to control it
By 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia are free
of European control
#29
19. Ethiopia was the only African nation that
successfully resisted the Europeans. Its
victory was due to one man – Menelik II.
He became emperor of Ethiopia in 1889.
He successfully played Italians, French,
and British against each other, all of whom
were striving to influence Ethiopia. In the
meantime, he built up a large arsenal of
modern weapons purchased from France
and Russia. #34
21. Colonialism in
Islamic Lands
In the 18th and
19th Centuries,
the political and
economic power
of the Islamic
countries was
overwhelmed by
European
colonialism.
#36
