Integrated Pest Management
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This document discusses integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. IPM is a holistic approach that uses monitoring, identification, and action thresholds to determine when and how to address pest issues using cultural, physical, biological, or chemical methods. The goal is to prevent and control pests with minimal risk to humans, the environment, and other organisms. The document outlines IPM principles and provides examples of various control tactics within each category.
Integrated Pest Management
- 1. Integrated Pest Management Jan McNeilan Gail Gredler OSU Master Gardener™ Program
- 2. Integrated Pest Management • A strategy to prevent and suppress pests with minimum impact on human health, the environment and non-target organisms. • Decision-making process that uses regular monitoring to decide if and when treatments are needed to control a pest, then uses a variety of tactics to keep pest numbers low.
- 3. Principles of Integrated Pest Management • Monitor the plants • Identify the pest organism • Establish an acceptable injury level • Manage using all available strategies
- 4. Monitor plants • Look for damage on a regular basis – Different times of the day – Tools: hand lens, traps, beat sheets – Collect samples of damage • Keep a record of your observations
- 5. Identify the pest organism • Is it a pest problem or a problem caused by a non-living factor (drought, frost, chemical damage, etc.)? • Is the pest an insect, disease, weed, etc.?
- 6. Know the pest Once the pest is identified, learn about its life cycle and its natural enemies. Root weevil larva Root weevil pupa Root weevil adult
- 7. Learn the pest’s life cycle
- 8. Establish an acceptable injury level Commercial example: Action threshold for strawberry root weevil in mint = .92 weevil larvae/square foot
- 9. Acceptable Injury Level For gardeners, this will differ between individuals.
- 10. Manage using all available strategies • Cultural • Physical • Biological • Chemical – Use the easiest, least expensive, least disruptive and least toxic ones first
- 11. Cultural Methods of Insect Control Sound gardening practices
- 13. Crop rotation
- 14. Companion planting: establishment of two or more plant species in close proximity so that some benefit is derived • Trap cropping • Biochemical pest suppression • Spatial interactions • Beneficial habitats • Security through diversity
- 15. Intercropping with insectary plants
- 16. Encourage ecological diversity in the garden
- 18. Sanitation
- 19. Physical Methods of Insect Control Barriers: Row Covers Cabbage maggot Flea beetle
- 21. Barriers: Sticky barrier Root weevils Ants tending aphids
- 22. Barriers: Copper barrier Brown Garden Snail
- 23. Barriers: Plant cages and collars
- 24. Handpicking
- 25. Watering Aphids Spider mites
- 26. Pruning Tent caterpillars
- 27. Trapping Yellow sticky trap Trapping for fungus gnats
- 28. Trapping Apple maggot trap Codling moth pheromone trap
- 29. Trapping Slugs and Snails
- 31. Vacuuming Boxelder Bug Flea
- 32. Garden symphylan Tilling
- 33. Biological Methods of Insect Control Beneficial Organisms – Pollinators – Predators – Parasitoids – Microbials • Bt • Beneficial nematodes
- 35. Bumblebee
- 36. Bumblebee
- 43. Predators
- 45. Yellow Jacket
- 48. Praying mantis
- 50. Green lacewing eggs Green lacewing larva dining on a caterpillar
- 55. Snakefly
- 61. Minute Pirate Bug Nymph
- 62. Big-eyed Bug
- 63. Assassin bug
- 65. Damsel Bug and Nymph
- 67. Ambush Bug
- 75. Yum! Caterpillar for lunch!
- 78. Ground beetle
- 80. Rove Beetle
- 82. Soldier beetle
- 85. Yellow Violet-green Warblers swallow
- 86. Domestic Ducks
- 87. All bat species in Oregon are insectivores
- 88. Common Garter Snake Toad © David Rosen Pacific Chorus Frog © David Rosen
- 89. Spiders
- 90. Garden Centipede
- 92. Millipede
- 93. Parasitoids
- 94. Braconid Wasp
- 95. Parasitoid wasp laying eggs in aphid
- 96. Aphid mummies
- 97. Tachinid fly
- 98. Tachinid fly and elm leaf beetle larvae
- 100. Trichogramma laying eggs in caterpillar eggs Trichogramma adults emerging from caterpillar eggs
- 101. Many insects in the soil are beneficial
- 102. Springtail Oribatid mites
- 103. Purchasing and Releasing Beneficials
- 104. Enhancing habitat for beneficials • Provide diversity of plants • Provide insectary plants with small flowers • Provide adequate water
- 105. Fennel Buckwheat Fiddleneck (Phacelia)
- 108. B.t. israelensis and mosquitos Dunk
- 110. B.t. san diego and elm leaf beetle
- 111. Beneficial nematodes
- 112. Infected root weevil pupa Infected root weevil adult
- 113. Horsehair Worm
- 114. •Very low mammalian toxicity • Soil must remain moist • Soil must be greater than 55 degrees F.
- 115. Chemical Methods of Insect Control: Botanicals • Derived from botanical sources • Biodegrade rapidly • Widely varying levels of toxicity
- 116. Botanical insecticide: Neem • From seeds of the neem tree • Broad spectrum against many pests • Must be ingested to be toxic • Low mammalian toxicity • May require repeat applications
- 117. Horticultural Oil • Derived from petroleum, vegetable or fish oil • Smothers insects and mites • Works best on soft-bodied insects • Low mammalian toxicity • Avoid hottest part of day • Avoid drought-stressed plants • Use commercial products rather than homemade
- 118. Insecticidal Soap • Contact insecticide smothers and desiccates insect • Use against soft-bodied insects like aphids, thrips, whitefly, and mites • Low mammalian toxicity • Requires excellent coverage, repeat applications • Biodegrades rapidly • Effective only until it dries
- 119. You cannot recommend homemade solutions!
- 120. Sulfur • Use dust mask with dust product • Broad spectrum miticide and fungicide • Low mammalian toxicity • Do not use within two weeks of an oil spray • Some plants sensitive to sulfur
- 121. Pheromones • Used for mating disruption • Useful for codling moth management in orchards • Limited usefulness in backyards
- 122. Synthetic Insecticides • Fewer available all the time • Widely varying toxicity • Always read and follow label directions • Dispose of properly
- 123. Other options: Kaolin clay • Naturally occurring mineral • Film acts as a barrier between pest and fruit • Irritates and repels insect feeding and egg- laying
- 125. Disease Management
- 126. Right plant, right place Choose plants well adapted to site
- 127. Rotate annuals
- 128. Select resistant varieties ‘Liberty’: Scab resistant ‘Gravenstein’: Not scab resistant
- 129. Use disease-free plants and disease- seeds
- 130. Irrigate properly
- 131. Plant properly
- 132. Fertilize as needed
- 133. Don’t crowd plants
- 134. Control insects and weeds • Insects can vector diseases such as plant viruses • Weeds can harbor diseases that can be detrimental to desirable plants
- 135. Sanitation Remove diseased plants and plant parts
- 136. Dispose of crop refuse/compost
- 137. Sanitation Prune out diseased wood
- 138. Use mulches
- 139. Make and use compost
- 140. Use fungicides when necessary • Copper • Lime sulfur • Sulfur • Horticultural oil • Potassium bicarbonate • Neem oil
- 141. Weed Management In Oregon, weeds grow like….well, weeds.
- 142. Mulching
- 143. Mulches • Barkdust • Wood chips • Gravel or rock • Cocoa or filbert shells • Sawdust • Newspaper or horticultural paper • Woven fabrics • Plastic
- 144. Hand weeding
- 145. Machine weeding
- 146. Spacing
- 147. Solarization
- 148. Cover cropping
- 149. Barriers
- 150. Herbicides • Conventional herbicides • Herbicidal soap • Vinegar • Corn gluten meal
- 151. Biological control Tansy flea beetle Cinnabar moth larvae feeding on tansy ragwort
- 152. Avoid invasive plants Butterfly bush English ivy Wild Clematis
- 153. Principles of Integrated Pest Management - Review • Monitor the plants • Identify the pest organism • Establish an acceptable injury level • Manage using all available strategies
- 154. Choose a Treatment Strategy • Use easiest, least disruptive, least expensive, least toxic first • Read the label, read the label, read the label • If you decide to use any kind of an pesticide, spot treat only and wear protective clothing when applying
- 155. Our IPM Mission • Oregon State University Extension Service encourages sustainable gardening practices. Problems are identified and monitored before acting. Gardeners are encouraged to consider cultural controls; then physical, biological, and chemical controls (which include insecticidal soaps, horticultural oils, botanical insecticides, organic and synthetic pesticides). Least toxic approach is always considered first.
- 156. Integrated Pest Management Jan McNeilan Gail Gredler OSU Master Gardener Program
- 157. Soldierfly
- 160. Pseudoscorpion
- 161. Dragonfly
- 163. Ichneumon Wasp
- 164. Carpenter Ant
- 165. Banded Alder Borer
- 166. European Earwig
- 167. Cooley Spruce Gall
- 169. Oak Leaf Gall
- 171. Wild Rose Gall