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Internship report at Indian Oil Corporation Limited

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AdityaDiwakar3

It is a civil engineering internship report at Indian Oil Corporation limited. You can take reference and knowledge from this in future

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1 INTERNSHIP REPORT A Project Report of the internship from period 15.06.2021 to 08.08.2021 By ADITYA MANI DIWAKAR (1BI18CV009), BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Submitted to:-  Dr. H.B BALAKRISHNA, Head of Civil Engineering Department, Bangalore Institute of Technology.  Mr. Navneet Kumar, Sr. EO, BSO, Indian Oil Corporation Limited.  Mr. Ajay Kumar, DGM (Engineering), BSO, Indian Oil Corporation Limited.
2 Bihar and Jharkhand State Office Building Project for Indian Oil Corporation Limited. Patna
3 Acknowledgement:- First of all I would like to thank The Indian Oil Corporation limited for providing me internship through I gained a lot of exposure. I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my guide Mr. Navneet Kumar for his able guidance and enlightenment in every technical aspect. I would also like to extend my gratitude to Mr. Ajay Kumar, Ms. Neha and Mr.Pratik Talukdar for providing me the golden opportunity to do the internship and project work at Bihar Jharkhand State Office Building, Indian Oil Corporation Limited. I would also like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. H.B Balakrishna for encouraging me to do such internship.
4 Table of Contents Chapters Page no. 1. About the Company 5-6 2. About the project 7-9 3. Statutory Approvals 10 4. Green Buildings 11-26 5. Net Zero Buildings 27-28 6. Excavation & Anti Termite Treatment 29-32 7. Dewatering 33-34 8. Water Proofing 35-37 9. Quality Control 38-42 10. Foundation 43-44 11. Structural Works 45-53 12. Conclusion 54
5 1.ABOUT THE COMPANY Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), Indian Oil, is a government owned Oil and Gas Corporation. It is under the ownership of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India headquartered in New Delhi. It is the largest commercial oil company in the country, with a net profit of ₹21,762 crore (US$2.9961 billion) for the financial year 2020-21. It is ranked 2nd in Fortune India 500 list for year 2020 and 151st in Fortune Global 500 list of world's largest companies in the year 2020. As of 31 March 2020 Indian Oil's employee strength is 33,498, out of which 17,704 are executives and 15,794 non- executives. It is India's largest downstream oil company, a turnover of ₹5,66,950 crore and a net profit of 1,313 crore after taxes for the financial year 2019-20. Indian Oil's business interests overlap the entire hydrocarbon value-chain, including refining, pipeline transportation, marketing of petroleum products, exploration and production of crude oil, natural gas and petrochemicals. Indian Oil has ventured into alternative energy and globalisation of downstream operations. It has subsidiaries in Sri Lanka (Lanka IOC), Mauritius (Indian Oil (Mauritius) Ltd) and the Middle East (IOC Middle East FZE). In May 2018, IOCL became India's most profitable state-owned company for the second consecutive year, with a record profit of ₹21,346 crores in 2017–18, followed by Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, whose profit stood at ₹19,945 crores. In February 2020, the company signed a deal with the Russian oil company Rosneft to buy 40,000 barrels per day of crude in year 2020.By 1 April 2020, Indian Oil was in absolute readiness to launch BS-VI (Bharat Stage VI) fuels in all its retail outlets in Telangana and adopt world-class emission norms.
6 Business divisions:- There are five major business divisions in the organization:  Refineries Division  Pipelines Division  Marketing Division  Research & Development Division  Business & Development Division
7 2.ABOUT THE PROJECT  Name of the ProjectBihar and Jharkhand State Office Building Project, IOCL  Location of the Project Patliputra Industrial Area, Patna, Bihar.  Coordinates25*38’08.3’’N 85*06’02.5’’E  Date of Commencement  21.12.2020  Plot Area of Project4831.75 sqm.  Total Built up Area 12941.72 sqm.  Parking Area 3001.54 sqm  Net Ground Coverage 1400 sqm.  Total Building Height 30.975 sqm  Floor Area Ratio1.9999  FAR Area9663.07 sqm  Number of Towers2  Grade of Concrete usedM30 & M25  Water table below depth2300mm  ContractorAK InfraProjects Private Limited.
8  Type of ProjectDepartmental Project  ConsultancyNirman Consultants  Construction Cost77.60 Crore  Type of Steel Fe-500
9 TOP VIEW OF THE LAYOUT `
10 3. STATUTORY APPROVALS The necessary approvals needed from various Local Authority bodies before commencing a construction of a building. These are licenses or permissions required from applicable authorities to enable the client to lawfully carry out construction work and install, connect and operate the equipment on the site. Different statutory approvals are required depending upon the location and nature of the construction. For this project following Statutory approvals were required:-  Airport Authority of India(AAI)  Patna Municipal Corporation(PMC)  Bihar State Fire Department  Bihar Industrial Area Development Authority(BIADA)
11 4. GREEN BUILDING Green building refers to both a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource efficient throughout a building’s life cycle; from planning to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and demolition.At present, preserving our environment has become necessity for all of us, climate change, disasters, new diseases are some of the consequences of degrading environment.Green building construction contributes in preserving the nature. Some of the Green Building Certifying Agency are as under:  GRIHA(Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment)  IGBC(Indian Green Building Council)  ECBC(Energy Conservation Building Code)  LEEDE India(Leadership in Energy and Environment Design) Following ratings have been provided by the IGBC:- The Platinum level is target for this project. CERTIFICATION LEVEL IGBC POINTS Recognition Certified 40-49 Best Practices Silver 50-59 Outstanding Gold 60-74 National Excellence Platinum 75-100 Global Leadership
12 KEY AREAS OF IGBC GREEN NEW BUILDING RATING  Sustainable Arch & Design  Site Selection & Planning  Water Efficiency  Energy Efficiency  Materials & Resources  Indoor Environmental Quality  Innovation in Design & Technology KEY AREAS OF A GREEN BUILDING Building Design  Reduced heat Islands  Improved Day-Lit Interiors  Better Indoor Air Quality  Energy Efficiency  Low Water Consumption  Less - Abled Friendly Features  Local & Recycled Building Materials  Low emitting Materials  Treatment and reuse of wastewater
13  Enhanced Monitoring  Waste Segregation and Treatment Sustainable Construction  Top Soil Preservation  Construction Waste Management3.Reduce Site Pollution  Preserve Existing Vegetation  Organized Construction Process  Planned Material Procurement  Regional  Recycled  Certified  Low emitting
14 TOP SOIL PRESERVATION  It is required to prevent soil erosion through storm water and wind, both during construction and post-development. Measures to be adopted include temporary landscaping, permanent seeding, mulching etc. The plan shall meet the following objectives: Prevent loss of soil during construction by storm water runoff and/or wind erosion, including protecting topsoil (fertile soil) by stockpiling for reuse. Contractor should take steps to protect the top soil during construction, by way of storing and reusing it within the site. Temporary landscaping, if required, to prevent the top soil erosion can be done by planting fast growing plants. Prevent existing trees at site Undeveloped areas within the site should not be disturbed and be protected with permanent landscaping before the start of construction, wherever possible. Prevent sedimentation of storm sewer or receiving streams.Prevent polluting the air with dust and particulate matter. During excavation or site filling activities, Top soil should be stripped to a depth of 200mm from areas occupied by buildings, roads and external services. Top soil is rich in nutrient so it shall be stockpiled to a height of 400mm at the designated area. Protect the topsoil either by mulching, temporary landscaping or covering it with some plastic cover. The same soil shall be applied during plantation of vegetation and can also be used as a finished grade for planting areas. PRESERVING THE TOP SOIL BY ACCUMULATING THROUGH EXCAVATOR
15 DUST EMISSION CONTROL Adjacent paved areas and roads used for construction traffic shall be maintained free of tracked soil or fill materials. At minimum, paved traffic areas, driveways, sidewalks, and streets shall be cleaned on a daily basis by wet sweeping and/or washing. More frequent cleaning shall be provided as necessary. Adjacent paved areas and roads shall be left clean at the end of each day. Exposed excavations, disturbed ground surfaces, and unpaved traffic areas shall be maintained in a moist condition. During non-working hours, the Site should be left in a condition that will prevent dust from being generated. At the end of each work day, disturbed areas shall be wetted down and security fencing shall be installed and or inspected to prevent access and additional disturbance Provide temporary cover and daily maintenance for soil or fill stockpiles and keep active surfaces moist. A temporary decontamination pad and/or a stabilized construction entrance shall be provided at active site entrance/egress locations to keep adjacent paved areas clean. Wheel washing facility shall be provided at the exit gate of the site. Soil loaded into transport vehicles for offsite disposal will be covered with continuous heavy duty plastic or other covering to minimize emissions to the atmosphere. The covering will be in good condition, joined at the seams, and securely anchored to minimize headspace where vapours may accumulate.    
16   PROPER INVENTORY OF CEMENT IN COVERED AREA TO CHECK DUST SPRINKLING WATER ON GROUND TO CONTROL DUST EMISSION
17 PROPER COVERING OF THE TRANSPORTABLE SOIL/DUST WHEEL WASHING OF TRUCKS BEFORE ENTERING THE SITE
18 STORM WATER MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION It is needed to prepare Storm Water Management Plan to show site Grading & Zoning, Earth Mounts around Boundary of Excavated Areas, Swales with Slope along the Site Perimeter, Storm Water Collection Pond / Pit and Clean Swales, Pit/Pond and Maintain Site Grading on Weekly Basis. Construct temporary drainage channels. Its main purpose is settling of sediment, filtering of water and to minimize the soil erosion within the site. General practice - temporary storm water trench is constructed at the periphery of the site. The basement water can be pumped out to a temporary trench or through water pipe which is further connected to the main storm water trench. During rain water should get stagnated within the site and the same should be dewatered using pump with screening filter which aids in retaining the soil.
19 HEALTH & SAFETY (BEST PRACTICE) At a construction site it is necessary to maintain health and safety of each and every staffs and worker. Failing this can cause even a fatality. There are some protective equipments to wear at site: Hard hats, Safety Shoes, High Visibility Jackets, Safety Gloves Where Required, Safety Harness Where Required, Follow Safety Signages at Site and Masks for workers involved in loading/unloading. There are several preventive measures while working at site: Nude Electricity Wires and Loose Electricity Wires must be avoided, Un-Barricated Excavation and Un-Barricated Floor Perimeters should not be allowed. A TYPICAL SAFETY BANNER
20 CAUTION BANNER NEAR ELECTRIC CONNECTIONS AT SITE HARD HAT & SAFETY JACKET
21 SAFETY LISTINGS AT SITE RESTRICTION FOR WET SOIL
22 PRESERVE EXISTING VEGETATION Preserving existing vegetation and planting new vegetation is one of important aspect of green building projects. This can be achieved by identifying matured trees and plants and tag them with numbers, Barricade Vegetated Areas On Site To Be Retained For Landscaping, Retain 75% of existing trees OR Transplant On-site / Off-site as per NBC Guidelines in Consultation With Horticulturist/ Landscape Architect, Retain site contour to at least 50% of the site area, Retain at least 15% of site existing topography/vegetation. Site Area (Including development footprint) Number of Tree Saplings (Including Existing and Transplanted Trees) < 1 Acre 8 or more > 1 Acre 12 per Acre or more PLANTING OF SOME VEGETATION AT SITE
23 BEST FACILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION WORK FORCE It is necessary to provide basic facilities for construction workforce to exceed the guidelines of ‘The Building and other Construction Workers Act, 1996 & Rules, 1998’. Adequate housing to meet or exceed local / labour byelaw requirement. Sanitary facilities: Provide at least 3 toilet seats & 3 urinals for the first 100 workers and one additional toilet seat & urinal for every 100 workers thereafter (or) as defined by local / labour byelaw. (The sanitary measures should be provided separately for men and women). First-aid and emergency facilities. Adequate drinking water facilities. Personal protective equipment. Dust suppression measures. Adequate illumination levels in construction work areas. Site emergency alarm. Day care/ crèche facility for workers’ children. (Only if, more than 50 female building workers are employed full time) The projects shall comply with NBC (2005) safety norms for providing the necessary safety equipment and measures for construction workers. SITE WORK IN NIGHT ILLUMINATION
24 A FIRST AID KIT PERSONAL PROTECTIVE KIT PROVIDED AT SITE
25 CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT Applicable Stage: Excavation Works to End of Construction Develop and implement Construction Waste Management Plan that should include the list of various items that can either be reused during construction or recycled. Typical items may include steel, bricks, Fly Ash bricks/ AAC blocks, concrete blocks, pavers, ductwork, Glass, Aluminium, False roof materials, wood, jute bags, empty containers, paperboard & plastic used in packing, etc. The plan should also include where these materials will be sent to and the mode of transportation. Actions required on the site: The contractor has to ensure that more than 95% by weight or volume of the construction debris is recycled or reused and ultimately diverted from the landfill. Tabulate the total waste material, quantities diverted and the means by which diverted in the template attached. . Earmark dedicated place within the site for storing & sorting construction wastes. Provide separate waste skips for a. INERT WASTE (Concrete waste, debris etc.) b. WOOD WASTE c. PAPER/ PLASTICS/GLASS WASTE d. METAL WASTE e. HAZARDOUS WASTE Receipts of sale, and donation should be collected and submitted to Green Building Consultant. Gate passes with the weight noted should be provided to the haulers and later on submitted to Green Building Consultant. Photographs of the material being reused on site and the waste materials being managed on the site should be taken and submitted. The unit for calculations should remain consistent throughout the documentation i.e. the percentages are calculated either by weight or by volume. Quantity of waste diverted in tons or cubic yards. viii. The contractor has to ensure that 95% by weight or volume of the construction debris is recycled or reused. AN IMAGE SHOWING ACCUMULATION OF WASTAGE STEEL AT SITE
26 GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS Materials with Recycled Content •Materials which are Regional/Locally available •Timber Materials which are Certified Wood based •Timber Based Materials which are made of Rapidly Renewable trees •Paints / Adhesives / Finishes which are Low VOC •Comply with Paints / Adhesives / Finishes which are Low VOC, as mentioned below - Type of Paints & Coatings VOC Limit (g/L less water) Non-flat (Glossy) 150 Flat (Mat) 50 Anti-corrosive/ Anti- rust 250 Clear Wood Finish: Varnish 350 Clear Wood Finish: Lacquer 550 Floor Coatings 100 Type of Adhesives VOC Limit (g/L less water) Glazing adhesives 100 Ceramic tile adhesives 65 Drywall and panel adhesives 50 Wood substrata adhesives 30 Wood flooring adhesives 100 HVAC duct insulation 850 Indoor Carpet adhesives 50 Multipurpose construction adhesives 70
27 5. NET ZERO BUILDING A zero-energy building, also known as a zero net energy (ZNE) building, net-zero energy building (NZEB), or net zero building, is a building with zero net energy consumption, meaning the total amount of energy used by the building on an annual basis is roughly equal to the amount of renewable energy created on the site. Basically, this type of building will enable us to achieve almost zero wastage of water as well as zero wastage of electricity Zero energy buildings combine energy efficiency and renewable energy generation to consume only as much energy as can be produced onsite through renewable resources over a specified time period. Achieving zero energy is an ambitious yet increasingly achievable goal that is gaining momentum across geographic regions and markets. Private commercial property owners have a growing interest in developing
28 zero energy buildings to meet their corporate goals, and in response to regulatory mandates, federal government agencies and many state and local governments are beginning to move toward zero energy building targets. NET ZERO CONCEPT
29 6. EXCAVATION & ANTI TERMITE TREATMENT Excavators Excavators generally used at site are as follows: (i) Dipper–shovel: It is used for excavating against a face or bank consisting of open- top bucket or dipper with a bottom opening door, fixed to an arm or dipper stick which slides and pivots on the jib of the crane. It is suitable for excavating all clay chalk and friable materials and for handling rock and stone. However, it is not suitable for surface excavation for which a skimmer is used. (ii) Backhoe: It is similar to face shovel except that the dipper stick pivots on the end of the jib and the dipper or bucket works towards the chassis and normally has no bottom door but is emptied by swinging away from the chassis to invert the bucket. It may be designed to carry both a front –mounted bucket loading mechanism and a rear mounted backhoe. It is mainly used to excavate trenches and occasionally used for the excavation of open areas such as small basements. In the backhoe mode the bucket lifts, swings and discharges materials while the undercarriage is stationary. When used in the ‘loader’ mode, the machine loads or excavated through forward motion of the machine, and lifts, transports and discharges materials. (iii) Skimmer: This arrangement is similar to the face shovel except that in this case the bucket slides on rollers directly along the jib and thus has a more restricted movement. It is used for surface excavation and levelling in conjunction with transport to haul away the excavated material. (iv) Drag line: It is usually fitted with a long slender boom or jib and the bucket, which in operation faces towards the machine and has no door, is supported by cable only as on a crane. It works from the side of the excavation at normal ground level and is used for excavating large open excavations such as basements when the depth is beyond the limit of the boom of a backhoe. It is commonly used for open cast mining operations. (v) Clamshell: It consists of two hinged half-buckets or jaws pivoted to a frame which is suspended by cable from a long jib of an excavation. The grab is used for deep
30 excavations of limited area on all types of soil except rock. Crane and Grab is a variant of this type of equipment. On this project following equipments were used for excavation and transporting of excavated material:- JCB Excavator: These are heavy construction excavator by mechanical means consisting of a boom, dipper (stick), bucket and cab on a rotating platform known as house. The house sits atop and undercarriage with tracks/wheels. All the hydraulic movement is accomplished by hydraulic fluid. Poclain Excavator: These are radial piston hydraulic motors, which are mostly used in industrial and off highway vehicles .These generally used for digging holes, trenches and foundations . Also used for demolition, material handling, landscaping etc. They have special wheel to excavate without any obstruction. Dumpers: These are self-propelled wheeled machines, having an open body. It is designed for the transport of excavated materials and consists of a shallow tipping hopper or skip mounted on a wheeled chassis, such as, power barrow, dumper, multi- skip dumpers, high discharge dumpers, dump truck, etc. These can be rear dump, side dump or bottom dump. ATYPICAL IMAGE OF A POCLAIN
31 A TYPICAL IMAGE OF A DUMPER TRUCK A TYPICAL IMAGE OF A JCB EXCAVATOR
32 Anti-Termite Treatment Sub-terranean termites are responsible for most of the termite damage in buildings. Typically, they form nests or colonies underground. In the soil near ground level in a stump or other suitable piece of timber in a conical or dome shaped mound. The termites find access to the super-structure of the building either through the timber buried in the ground or by means of mud shelter tubes constructed over unprotected foundations. Termite control in existing as well as new building structures is very important as the damage likely to be caused by the termites to wooden members of building and other household article like furniture, clothing, stationery etc. is considerable. Anti-termite treatment can be either during the time of construction i.e. pre-constructional chemical treatment or after the building has been constructed i.e. treatment for existing building. Prevention of the termite from reaching the super-structure of the building and its contents can be achieved by creating a chemical barrier between the ground, from where the termites come and other contents of the building which may form food for the termites. This is achieved by treating the soil beneath the building and around the foundation with a suitable insecticide. MATERIAL USED: Any one of the following chemicals in water emulsion to achieve the percentage concentration specified against each chemical shall be used: (i) Chlorpyriphos emulsifiable concentrate of 20% (ii) Lindane emulsifiable concentrate of 20% Anti-termite treatment chemical is available in concentrated form in the market and concentration is indicated on the sealed containers. To achieve the specified percentage of concentration, Chemical should be diluted with water in required quantity before it is used. Graduated containers shall be used for dilution of chemical with water in the required proportion to achieve the desired percentage of concentration. For example, to dilute chemical of 20% concentration. 19 parts of water shall be added to one part of chemical for achieving 1% concentration.
33 7. DE-WATERING Dewatering at IOCL building project:- Well point dewatering system Closed ring type of well point dewatering system will be suitable for this project. The method consists of many well points well‐spaced spread across the site. Suction tubes with screens are inserted in these wells and further connected to a header pipe which in turn is connected to one or more pumps. Procedure 1. Bores are dug at least at an interval of 2m around the site. 2. Small pipes, 50‐80mm diameter, with screens are inserted in the wells 3. These well points are connected to a common header. 4. The header is then connected to a pump of a suitable capacity. 5. The withdrawn water then is discharged into a recharge well or any other suitable location as per the NGT norms Advantages of this method: 1. This method is suitable for depth up to 6m 2. Installation is very rapid 3. This is an economical and reasonably simple choice for dewatering.
34 SOME FIGURES SHOWING TYPICAL WELL POINT ARRANGEMENT
35 7. WATER PROOFING RAFT WATER PROOFING:- It consist of Supplying and installing waterproofing treatment for "Raft Slab" by using fully bonded, pre-applied, DOU SELVEDGE laps of sheet membrane of minimum 4.5mm before casting of the base RCC slab at all depths conforming to basement waterproofing protection to grade 3 as defined in BS 8102:2009 & BIS 16471:2017. The fully bonded sheet membrane shall consist of a multi-layer composite film which consists of high performance SBS and polyester reinforcement and a trafficable weather resistant carbon crystals layer Fully bonded sheet membrane shall be chemically resistant in all types of soil or water and is unaffected by ground settlement beneath slabs. Shall offer following minimum properties: 1) Resist hydrostatic pressure of > 110 m head of water (as per ASTM D5385) 2) Peel adhesion to concrete- > 4248 N/m (As per ASTM D903) 3) Puncture Resistance - > 1100 N (as per ASTM E154) 4) Lap Joint Adhesion strength - > 1300 N/m (as per ASTM D 1876). Waterproofing membrane shall be laid onto a Uniform PCC, free of protrusions and levelled substrate. Substrate shall be damp but free of ponded water. Fully bonded membrane shall be installed with minimum standard 100 mm selvedge laps. Selvedge shall be Duo Selvedge 55mm self-adhesive and 45mm thermo fusible film. Once the membrane is in the desired location remove the release film on the DUO SELVEDGE side lap. As self-adhered portion of the lap is adhered, a heat welding device is used to seal the lap. Firm rolling onto the surface shall be done to achieve water tight seal complete all as per manufacturer’s recommendations, etc. complete with all lead and lift for all materials and labour and as directed by engineer in charge. Approved Makes for Indian Oil Corporation Limited are - Colphene BSW of Soprema or equivalent
36 RETAINING WALL WATERPROOFING:- It consist of Supplying & Installing 1.5mm thick self-adhesive , cold applied ,flexible waterproofing membrane with tri-laminated polyethylene film design for foundation walls and other below grade vertical surfaces. Membrane should be supplied with original manufacturer's Material Test Certificate (MTC) & membrane should be installed in strict accordance with original manufacturer's instructions. The self- adhesive membrane shall have following minimum properties :(i) Lap Adhesion>2000 N/m as per ASTM D 1876(ii) Static puncture > 740 N/m as per ASTM E154(iii) Tear Resistance : > 375 N as per ASTM D5601(iv) Peel resistance > 3500 as per ASTM D 903Rates to include self-adhesive membrane Termination on retaining wall which includes providing a chase of (20 x 20) mm at a distance of 300 mm from ground level or 150 mm from podium/roof slab level for membrane termination. The self-adhesive membrane should be dressed into the chase and pointed with mortar or as approved by supplier prior to backfilling. The membrane shall be applied as per following procedure:-a) The substrate should be clean, sound, free of excess water and loose materials, grease and any contaminants b) Apply solvent based local primer as per manufacturer recommendation on the surface and allow to dry. c) Roll out membrane, cut it to manageable lengths and stick it to the surface by peeling off the release paper on the back of the membrane .Press membrane in place. side laps shall have 75 mm overlaps &end lap joints shall be 150mm wide .d) Continue applying the membrane till entire area is covered .e) Membrane Protection : Protection of membrane with Supply & spot bonding 7-8mm thick dimpled HDPE protection board, Protecdrain of SOPREMA, France, spot bonded onto the self-adhesive membrane with liquid mastic. And shall be applied prior to back filling. The backfilling shall be done within 2-3 days of fixing protection board. Approved Make for Indian Oil Corporation limited are Colphene 3000 or equivalent.
37 A PICTURE OF WATERPROOFING DONE ON RETAINING WALL
38 10. QUALITY CONTROL QUALITY CONTROL:- Quality control in construction typically involves insuring compliance with minimum standards of material and workmanship in order to insure the performance of the facility according to the design. Quality control is important because it is the foundation of your project's success. When we provide advanced planning and set quality standards early on, we reduce the risk of making costly mistakes once construction begins. Focusing on quality control can also improve the safety of a project. Several Tests are conducted on site to assure Quality Control:-  Compressive Strength of Cube Compressive strength is the ability of material or structure to carry the loads on its surface without any crack or deflection. A material under compression tends to reduce the size, while in tension, size elongates. It is mentioned in IS 456:2000 For cube test two types of specimens either cubes of 15cm X 15cm X 15cm or 10cm X 10cm x 10cm depending upon the size of aggregate are used. For most of the works cubical moulds of size 15cm x 15cm x 15cm are commonly used. This concrete is poured in the mould and appropriately tempered so as not to have any voids. After 24 hours, moulds are removed, and test specimens are put in water for curing. The top surface of these specimen should be made even and smooth. This is done by placing cement paste and spreading smoothly on the whole area of the specimen. These specimens are tested by compression testing machine after seven days curing or 28 days curing. Load should be applied gradually at the rate of 140 kg/cm2 per minute till the Specimens fails. Load at the failure divided by area of specimen gives the compressive strength of concrete. After 7 days 70 % strength is attained by the concrete while after 28 days 99% Strength is attained.
39 Compressive Strength = P/A P – Load in N A – Area of Cube in sq.mm (150 mm x 150mm) Compressive Strength in N/sq. mm A COMPRESSION TESTING MACHINE
40  Slump Cone Test Slump cone test is to determine the workability or consistency of concrete mix prepared at the laboratory or the construction site during the progress of the work. Concrete slump test is carried out from batch to batch to check the uniform quality of concrete during construction. The slump test is the most simple workability test for concrete, involves low cost and provides immediate results. Due to this fact, it has been widely used for workability tests since 1922. The slump is carried out as per procedures mentioned in IS: 1199 – 1959 in India. Generally concrete slump value is used to find the workability, which indicates water-cement ratio, but there are various factors including properties of materials, mixing methods, dosage, admixtures etc. also affect the concrete slump value. The ideal slump value may vary from 75 mm to 110 mm
41  Sieve Analysis A sieve analysis is an analytical technique used to determine the particle size distribution of a granular material with macroscopic granular sizes. The sieve analysis technique involves several layers of sieves with different grades of sieve opening sizes. It is done for both fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. It is mentioned in IS 460-1962 During sieving the sample is subjected to horizontal or vertical movement in accordance with the chosen method. This causes a relative movement between the particles and the sieve; depending on their size the individual particles either pass through the sieve mesh or are retained on the sieve surface. Procedure: Step 1: Take a representative oven-dried sample that weighs approximately 500g. Step 2: If particles are lumped or conglomerated, crush the lumps but not the particles using the pestle and mortar. Step 3: Determine the mass of sample accurately – Weight (g). Step 4: Prepare a stack of test sieves. The sieves are stacked in order, with the largest aperture size at the top, and the smallest at the bottom. A receiver is placed under all of the sieves to collect samples. Step 5: Weigh all the sieves and the pan separately. Step 6: Pour the samples from step 3 into top of the stack of sieves and put the lid on, place the stack in the sieve shaker and fix the clamps, adjust the timer to between 10 and 15 minutes, and switch on the shaker. Step 7: Stop the sieve shaker and measure the mass of each sieve and retained soil/material.
42 DIFFERENT SIEVES
43 9. FOUNDATION Foundation is a structural part of a building on which a building stands. Foundation transmits and distributes its own load and imposed loads to the soil in such a way that the load bearing capacity of the foundation bed is not exceeded. The solid ground on which the foundation rests, is called foundation bed. Types of foundations:-  Shallow foundation Individual footing or isolated footing. Combined footing. Strip foundation. Raft or mat foundation.  Deep Foundation Pile foundation. Drilled Shafts or caissons. Here in this project, Raft foundation is being used. RAFT FOUNDATION: A raft foundation, also called a mat foundation, is essentially a continuous slab resting on the soil that extends over the entire footprint of the building, thereby supporting the building and transferring its weight to the ground. This reduces the stress on the soil. The raft is spread in three depths that is 1200mm, 600mm, 750mm. The reinforcements used in the raft are 25mm, 20mm, 16mm. The mix design used for the casting of the raft foundation is M30 Clear Cover – 50mm Cover Blocks and chair is provided to keep the bars in position. During casting the concrete should be fully compacted by mechanical vibrator. Over compaction is avoided as it causes segregation & bleeding. Compaction must be finished before initial setting of concrete starts
44 FOUNDATION PLAN
45 11. STRUCTURAL WORKS RETAINING WALL:  TYPES – RW1,RW2,RW3,R4,R5  P.C.C – 100 mm  PCC PROPORTION – 1:4:8  GRADE OF CONCRETE – M30  CLEAR COVER – 25mm  REINFORCEMENTS USED – 8mm,16mm,12mm & 10mm  METHOD OF CONCRETING - PUMPING SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF RETAINING WALL RW1
46 SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF RETAINING WALL RW2 SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF RETAINING WALL RW3
47 SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF RETAINING WALL RW4 SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF RETAINING WALL RW5
48 BASEMENT ROOF SLAB:  THICKNESS OF SLAB – 200mm (Non-Tower Area) 150mm (Tower Area)  GRADE OF CONCRETE – M30  REINFORCEMENT USED – 16 mm @ 100 c/c in both direction (BOTTOM) 12 mm @ 100 c/c in both direction (TOP)  METHOD OF CONCRETING - PUMPING  CLEAR COVER – 25mm Cover Blocks and chair is provided to keep the bars in position. During casting the concrete should be fully compacted by mechanical vibrator. Over compaction is avoided as it causes segregation & bleeding. Compaction must be finished before initial setting of concrete starts SLAB REINFORCEMENT OF BASEMENT ROOF
49 CASTING OF BASEMENT ROOF SLAB FORM WORK OF THE BASEMENT ROOF SLAB
50 STAIRCASE There are Two Staircase Located in the Tower area of the Building: 1. STAIRCASE No. 1  WIDTH =1500 mm  TREAD=300mm  RISE=150 mm  WAIST SLAB THICKNESS=150mm  GRADE OF CONCRETE – M30 2. STAIRCASE No. 2  WIDTH=1500 mm  TREAD=300mm  RISE=150 mm  WAIST SLAB THICKNESS=150mm  GRADE OF CONCRETE – M30 The reinforcements used in constructing these staircases are 16mm, 12mm, 10mm, and 8mm
51 SOME OF THE STRUCTUTRAL DRAWINGS FOR STAIRCASE 1
52 SOME OF THE STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS FOR STAIRCASE 2
53
54 12. CONCLUSION As a civil Engineering student I got a golden opportunity to gain experience in this Indian Oil State Office Building project. The methods and technical specifications which I learnt at site will help me in every aspect of professionalism. During the training period I have gained knowledge about how the work is executed practically on site. I also learnt how to inspect every civil engineering components that will help me in minimizing the errors in the future. I learnt how to connect the theoretical knowledge of the subject to the practical applications. During my training I focused on Statutory Approvals taken before commencement of any project, the futuristic concept of green buildings and zero net buildings, waterproofing, Quality controls, structural works and Safety measures to be followed at site. Although being an oil and energy sector organization, IOCL has huge base for civil engineering which allowed me to enhance my skills. I will take this experience forward throughout my life. Thank you.

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Internship report at Indian Oil Corporation Limited

  • 1. 1 INTERNSHIP REPORT A Project Report of the internship from period 15.06.2021 to 08.08.2021 By ADITYA MANI DIWAKAR (1BI18CV009), BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Submitted to:-  Dr. H.B BALAKRISHNA, Head of Civil Engineering Department, Bangalore Institute of Technology.  Mr. Navneet Kumar, Sr. EO, BSO, Indian Oil Corporation Limited.  Mr. Ajay Kumar, DGM (Engineering), BSO, Indian Oil Corporation Limited.
  • 2. 2 Bihar and Jharkhand State Office Building Project for Indian Oil Corporation Limited. Patna
  • 3. 3 Acknowledgement:- First of all I would like to thank The Indian Oil Corporation limited for providing me internship through I gained a lot of exposure. I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my guide Mr. Navneet Kumar for his able guidance and enlightenment in every technical aspect. I would also like to extend my gratitude to Mr. Ajay Kumar, Ms. Neha and Mr.Pratik Talukdar for providing me the golden opportunity to do the internship and project work at Bihar Jharkhand State Office Building, Indian Oil Corporation Limited. I would also like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. H.B Balakrishna for encouraging me to do such internship.
  • 4. 4 Table of Contents Chapters Page no. 1. About the Company 5-6 2. About the project 7-9 3. Statutory Approvals 10 4. Green Buildings 11-26 5. Net Zero Buildings 27-28 6. Excavation & Anti Termite Treatment 29-32 7. Dewatering 33-34 8. Water Proofing 35-37 9. Quality Control 38-42 10. Foundation 43-44 11. Structural Works 45-53 12. Conclusion 54
  • 5. 5 1.ABOUT THE COMPANY Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), Indian Oil, is a government owned Oil and Gas Corporation. It is under the ownership of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India headquartered in New Delhi. It is the largest commercial oil company in the country, with a net profit of ₹21,762 crore (US$2.9961 billion) for the financial year 2020-21. It is ranked 2nd in Fortune India 500 list for year 2020 and 151st in Fortune Global 500 list of world's largest companies in the year 2020. As of 31 March 2020 Indian Oil's employee strength is 33,498, out of which 17,704 are executives and 15,794 non- executives. It is India's largest downstream oil company, a turnover of ₹5,66,950 crore and a net profit of 1,313 crore after taxes for the financial year 2019-20. Indian Oil's business interests overlap the entire hydrocarbon value-chain, including refining, pipeline transportation, marketing of petroleum products, exploration and production of crude oil, natural gas and petrochemicals. Indian Oil has ventured into alternative energy and globalisation of downstream operations. It has subsidiaries in Sri Lanka (Lanka IOC), Mauritius (Indian Oil (Mauritius) Ltd) and the Middle East (IOC Middle East FZE). In May 2018, IOCL became India's most profitable state-owned company for the second consecutive year, with a record profit of ₹21,346 crores in 2017–18, followed by Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, whose profit stood at ₹19,945 crores. In February 2020, the company signed a deal with the Russian oil company Rosneft to buy 40,000 barrels per day of crude in year 2020.By 1 April 2020, Indian Oil was in absolute readiness to launch BS-VI (Bharat Stage VI) fuels in all its retail outlets in Telangana and adopt world-class emission norms.
  • 6. 6 Business divisions:- There are five major business divisions in the organization:  Refineries Division  Pipelines Division  Marketing Division  Research & Development Division  Business & Development Division
  • 7. 7 2.ABOUT THE PROJECT  Name of the ProjectBihar and Jharkhand State Office Building Project, IOCL  Location of the Project Patliputra Industrial Area, Patna, Bihar.  Coordinates25*38’08.3’’N 85*06’02.5’’E  Date of Commencement  21.12.2020  Plot Area of Project4831.75 sqm.  Total Built up Area 12941.72 sqm.  Parking Area 3001.54 sqm  Net Ground Coverage 1400 sqm.  Total Building Height 30.975 sqm  Floor Area Ratio1.9999  FAR Area9663.07 sqm  Number of Towers2  Grade of Concrete usedM30 & M25  Water table below depth2300mm  ContractorAK InfraProjects Private Limited.
  • 8. 8  Type of ProjectDepartmental Project  ConsultancyNirman Consultants  Construction Cost77.60 Crore  Type of Steel Fe-500
  • 9. 9 TOP VIEW OF THE LAYOUT `
  • 10. 10 3. STATUTORY APPROVALS The necessary approvals needed from various Local Authority bodies before commencing a construction of a building. These are licenses or permissions required from applicable authorities to enable the client to lawfully carry out construction work and install, connect and operate the equipment on the site. Different statutory approvals are required depending upon the location and nature of the construction. For this project following Statutory approvals were required:-  Airport Authority of India(AAI)  Patna Municipal Corporation(PMC)  Bihar State Fire Department  Bihar Industrial Area Development Authority(BIADA)
  • 11. 11 4. GREEN BUILDING Green building refers to both a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource efficient throughout a building’s life cycle; from planning to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and demolition.At present, preserving our environment has become necessity for all of us, climate change, disasters, new diseases are some of the consequences of degrading environment.Green building construction contributes in preserving the nature. Some of the Green Building Certifying Agency are as under:  GRIHA(Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment)  IGBC(Indian Green Building Council)  ECBC(Energy Conservation Building Code)  LEEDE India(Leadership in Energy and Environment Design) Following ratings have been provided by the IGBC:- The Platinum level is target for this project. CERTIFICATION LEVEL IGBC POINTS Recognition Certified 40-49 Best Practices Silver 50-59 Outstanding Gold 60-74 National Excellence Platinum 75-100 Global Leadership
  • 12. 12 KEY AREAS OF IGBC GREEN NEW BUILDING RATING  Sustainable Arch & Design  Site Selection & Planning  Water Efficiency  Energy Efficiency  Materials & Resources  Indoor Environmental Quality  Innovation in Design & Technology KEY AREAS OF A GREEN BUILDING Building Design  Reduced heat Islands  Improved Day-Lit Interiors  Better Indoor Air Quality  Energy Efficiency  Low Water Consumption  Less - Abled Friendly Features  Local & Recycled Building Materials  Low emitting Materials  Treatment and reuse of wastewater
  • 13. 13  Enhanced Monitoring  Waste Segregation and Treatment Sustainable Construction  Top Soil Preservation  Construction Waste Management3.Reduce Site Pollution  Preserve Existing Vegetation  Organized Construction Process  Planned Material Procurement  Regional  Recycled  Certified  Low emitting
  • 14. 14 TOP SOIL PRESERVATION  It is required to prevent soil erosion through storm water and wind, both during construction and post-development. Measures to be adopted include temporary landscaping, permanent seeding, mulching etc. The plan shall meet the following objectives: Prevent loss of soil during construction by storm water runoff and/or wind erosion, including protecting topsoil (fertile soil) by stockpiling for reuse. Contractor should take steps to protect the top soil during construction, by way of storing and reusing it within the site. Temporary landscaping, if required, to prevent the top soil erosion can be done by planting fast growing plants. Prevent existing trees at site Undeveloped areas within the site should not be disturbed and be protected with permanent landscaping before the start of construction, wherever possible. Prevent sedimentation of storm sewer or receiving streams.Prevent polluting the air with dust and particulate matter. During excavation or site filling activities, Top soil should be stripped to a depth of 200mm from areas occupied by buildings, roads and external services. Top soil is rich in nutrient so it shall be stockpiled to a height of 400mm at the designated area. Protect the topsoil either by mulching, temporary landscaping or covering it with some plastic cover. The same soil shall be applied during plantation of vegetation and can also be used as a finished grade for planting areas. PRESERVING THE TOP SOIL BY ACCUMULATING THROUGH EXCAVATOR
  • 15. 15 DUST EMISSION CONTROL Adjacent paved areas and roads used for construction traffic shall be maintained free of tracked soil or fill materials. At minimum, paved traffic areas, driveways, sidewalks, and streets shall be cleaned on a daily basis by wet sweeping and/or washing. More frequent cleaning shall be provided as necessary. Adjacent paved areas and roads shall be left clean at the end of each day. Exposed excavations, disturbed ground surfaces, and unpaved traffic areas shall be maintained in a moist condition. During non-working hours, the Site should be left in a condition that will prevent dust from being generated. At the end of each work day, disturbed areas shall be wetted down and security fencing shall be installed and or inspected to prevent access and additional disturbance Provide temporary cover and daily maintenance for soil or fill stockpiles and keep active surfaces moist. A temporary decontamination pad and/or a stabilized construction entrance shall be provided at active site entrance/egress locations to keep adjacent paved areas clean. Wheel washing facility shall be provided at the exit gate of the site. Soil loaded into transport vehicles for offsite disposal will be covered with continuous heavy duty plastic or other covering to minimize emissions to the atmosphere. The covering will be in good condition, joined at the seams, and securely anchored to minimize headspace where vapours may accumulate.    
  • 16. 16   PROPER INVENTORY OF CEMENT IN COVERED AREA TO CHECK DUST SPRINKLING WATER ON GROUND TO CONTROL DUST EMISSION
  • 17. 17 PROPER COVERING OF THE TRANSPORTABLE SOIL/DUST WHEEL WASHING OF TRUCKS BEFORE ENTERING THE SITE
  • 18. 18 STORM WATER MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION It is needed to prepare Storm Water Management Plan to show site Grading & Zoning, Earth Mounts around Boundary of Excavated Areas, Swales with Slope along the Site Perimeter, Storm Water Collection Pond / Pit and Clean Swales, Pit/Pond and Maintain Site Grading on Weekly Basis. Construct temporary drainage channels. Its main purpose is settling of sediment, filtering of water and to minimize the soil erosion within the site. General practice - temporary storm water trench is constructed at the periphery of the site. The basement water can be pumped out to a temporary trench or through water pipe which is further connected to the main storm water trench. During rain water should get stagnated within the site and the same should be dewatered using pump with screening filter which aids in retaining the soil.
  • 19. 19 HEALTH & SAFETY (BEST PRACTICE) At a construction site it is necessary to maintain health and safety of each and every staffs and worker. Failing this can cause even a fatality. There are some protective equipments to wear at site: Hard hats, Safety Shoes, High Visibility Jackets, Safety Gloves Where Required, Safety Harness Where Required, Follow Safety Signages at Site and Masks for workers involved in loading/unloading. There are several preventive measures while working at site: Nude Electricity Wires and Loose Electricity Wires must be avoided, Un-Barricated Excavation and Un-Barricated Floor Perimeters should not be allowed. A TYPICAL SAFETY BANNER
  • 20. 20 CAUTION BANNER NEAR ELECTRIC CONNECTIONS AT SITE HARD HAT & SAFETY JACKET
  • 21. 21 SAFETY LISTINGS AT SITE RESTRICTION FOR WET SOIL
  • 22. 22 PRESERVE EXISTING VEGETATION Preserving existing vegetation and planting new vegetation is one of important aspect of green building projects. This can be achieved by identifying matured trees and plants and tag them with numbers, Barricade Vegetated Areas On Site To Be Retained For Landscaping, Retain 75% of existing trees OR Transplant On-site / Off-site as per NBC Guidelines in Consultation With Horticulturist/ Landscape Architect, Retain site contour to at least 50% of the site area, Retain at least 15% of site existing topography/vegetation. Site Area (Including development footprint) Number of Tree Saplings (Including Existing and Transplanted Trees) < 1 Acre 8 or more > 1 Acre 12 per Acre or more PLANTING OF SOME VEGETATION AT SITE
  • 23. 23 BEST FACILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION WORK FORCE It is necessary to provide basic facilities for construction workforce to exceed the guidelines of ‘The Building and other Construction Workers Act, 1996 & Rules, 1998’. Adequate housing to meet or exceed local / labour byelaw requirement. Sanitary facilities: Provide at least 3 toilet seats & 3 urinals for the first 100 workers and one additional toilet seat & urinal for every 100 workers thereafter (or) as defined by local / labour byelaw. (The sanitary measures should be provided separately for men and women). First-aid and emergency facilities. Adequate drinking water facilities. Personal protective equipment. Dust suppression measures. Adequate illumination levels in construction work areas. Site emergency alarm. Day care/ crèche facility for workers’ children. (Only if, more than 50 female building workers are employed full time) The projects shall comply with NBC (2005) safety norms for providing the necessary safety equipment and measures for construction workers. SITE WORK IN NIGHT ILLUMINATION
  • 24. 24 A FIRST AID KIT PERSONAL PROTECTIVE KIT PROVIDED AT SITE
  • 25. 25 CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT Applicable Stage: Excavation Works to End of Construction Develop and implement Construction Waste Management Plan that should include the list of various items that can either be reused during construction or recycled. Typical items may include steel, bricks, Fly Ash bricks/ AAC blocks, concrete blocks, pavers, ductwork, Glass, Aluminium, False roof materials, wood, jute bags, empty containers, paperboard & plastic used in packing, etc. The plan should also include where these materials will be sent to and the mode of transportation. Actions required on the site: The contractor has to ensure that more than 95% by weight or volume of the construction debris is recycled or reused and ultimately diverted from the landfill. Tabulate the total waste material, quantities diverted and the means by which diverted in the template attached. . Earmark dedicated place within the site for storing & sorting construction wastes. Provide separate waste skips for a. INERT WASTE (Concrete waste, debris etc.) b. WOOD WASTE c. PAPER/ PLASTICS/GLASS WASTE d. METAL WASTE e. HAZARDOUS WASTE Receipts of sale, and donation should be collected and submitted to Green Building Consultant. Gate passes with the weight noted should be provided to the haulers and later on submitted to Green Building Consultant. Photographs of the material being reused on site and the waste materials being managed on the site should be taken and submitted. The unit for calculations should remain consistent throughout the documentation i.e. the percentages are calculated either by weight or by volume. Quantity of waste diverted in tons or cubic yards. viii. The contractor has to ensure that 95% by weight or volume of the construction debris is recycled or reused. AN IMAGE SHOWING ACCUMULATION OF WASTAGE STEEL AT SITE
  • 26. 26 GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS Materials with Recycled Content •Materials which are Regional/Locally available •Timber Materials which are Certified Wood based •Timber Based Materials which are made of Rapidly Renewable trees •Paints / Adhesives / Finishes which are Low VOC •Comply with Paints / Adhesives / Finishes which are Low VOC, as mentioned below - Type of Paints & Coatings VOC Limit (g/L less water) Non-flat (Glossy) 150 Flat (Mat) 50 Anti-corrosive/ Anti- rust 250 Clear Wood Finish: Varnish 350 Clear Wood Finish: Lacquer 550 Floor Coatings 100 Type of Adhesives VOC Limit (g/L less water) Glazing adhesives 100 Ceramic tile adhesives 65 Drywall and panel adhesives 50 Wood substrata adhesives 30 Wood flooring adhesives 100 HVAC duct insulation 850 Indoor Carpet adhesives 50 Multipurpose construction adhesives 70
  • 27. 27 5. NET ZERO BUILDING A zero-energy building, also known as a zero net energy (ZNE) building, net-zero energy building (NZEB), or net zero building, is a building with zero net energy consumption, meaning the total amount of energy used by the building on an annual basis is roughly equal to the amount of renewable energy created on the site. Basically, this type of building will enable us to achieve almost zero wastage of water as well as zero wastage of electricity Zero energy buildings combine energy efficiency and renewable energy generation to consume only as much energy as can be produced onsite through renewable resources over a specified time period. Achieving zero energy is an ambitious yet increasingly achievable goal that is gaining momentum across geographic regions and markets. Private commercial property owners have a growing interest in developing
  • 28. 28 zero energy buildings to meet their corporate goals, and in response to regulatory mandates, federal government agencies and many state and local governments are beginning to move toward zero energy building targets. NET ZERO CONCEPT
  • 29. 29 6. EXCAVATION & ANTI TERMITE TREATMENT Excavators Excavators generally used at site are as follows: (i) Dipper–shovel: It is used for excavating against a face or bank consisting of open- top bucket or dipper with a bottom opening door, fixed to an arm or dipper stick which slides and pivots on the jib of the crane. It is suitable for excavating all clay chalk and friable materials and for handling rock and stone. However, it is not suitable for surface excavation for which a skimmer is used. (ii) Backhoe: It is similar to face shovel except that the dipper stick pivots on the end of the jib and the dipper or bucket works towards the chassis and normally has no bottom door but is emptied by swinging away from the chassis to invert the bucket. It may be designed to carry both a front –mounted bucket loading mechanism and a rear mounted backhoe. It is mainly used to excavate trenches and occasionally used for the excavation of open areas such as small basements. In the backhoe mode the bucket lifts, swings and discharges materials while the undercarriage is stationary. When used in the ‘loader’ mode, the machine loads or excavated through forward motion of the machine, and lifts, transports and discharges materials. (iii) Skimmer: This arrangement is similar to the face shovel except that in this case the bucket slides on rollers directly along the jib and thus has a more restricted movement. It is used for surface excavation and levelling in conjunction with transport to haul away the excavated material. (iv) Drag line: It is usually fitted with a long slender boom or jib and the bucket, which in operation faces towards the machine and has no door, is supported by cable only as on a crane. It works from the side of the excavation at normal ground level and is used for excavating large open excavations such as basements when the depth is beyond the limit of the boom of a backhoe. It is commonly used for open cast mining operations. (v) Clamshell: It consists of two hinged half-buckets or jaws pivoted to a frame which is suspended by cable from a long jib of an excavation. The grab is used for deep
  • 30. 30 excavations of limited area on all types of soil except rock. Crane and Grab is a variant of this type of equipment. On this project following equipments were used for excavation and transporting of excavated material:- JCB Excavator: These are heavy construction excavator by mechanical means consisting of a boom, dipper (stick), bucket and cab on a rotating platform known as house. The house sits atop and undercarriage with tracks/wheels. All the hydraulic movement is accomplished by hydraulic fluid. Poclain Excavator: These are radial piston hydraulic motors, which are mostly used in industrial and off highway vehicles .These generally used for digging holes, trenches and foundations . Also used for demolition, material handling, landscaping etc. They have special wheel to excavate without any obstruction. Dumpers: These are self-propelled wheeled machines, having an open body. It is designed for the transport of excavated materials and consists of a shallow tipping hopper or skip mounted on a wheeled chassis, such as, power barrow, dumper, multi- skip dumpers, high discharge dumpers, dump truck, etc. These can be rear dump, side dump or bottom dump. ATYPICAL IMAGE OF A POCLAIN
  • 31. 31 A TYPICAL IMAGE OF A DUMPER TRUCK A TYPICAL IMAGE OF A JCB EXCAVATOR
  • 32. 32 Anti-Termite Treatment Sub-terranean termites are responsible for most of the termite damage in buildings. Typically, they form nests or colonies underground. In the soil near ground level in a stump or other suitable piece of timber in a conical or dome shaped mound. The termites find access to the super-structure of the building either through the timber buried in the ground or by means of mud shelter tubes constructed over unprotected foundations. Termite control in existing as well as new building structures is very important as the damage likely to be caused by the termites to wooden members of building and other household article like furniture, clothing, stationery etc. is considerable. Anti-termite treatment can be either during the time of construction i.e. pre-constructional chemical treatment or after the building has been constructed i.e. treatment for existing building. Prevention of the termite from reaching the super-structure of the building and its contents can be achieved by creating a chemical barrier between the ground, from where the termites come and other contents of the building which may form food for the termites. This is achieved by treating the soil beneath the building and around the foundation with a suitable insecticide. MATERIAL USED: Any one of the following chemicals in water emulsion to achieve the percentage concentration specified against each chemical shall be used: (i) Chlorpyriphos emulsifiable concentrate of 20% (ii) Lindane emulsifiable concentrate of 20% Anti-termite treatment chemical is available in concentrated form in the market and concentration is indicated on the sealed containers. To achieve the specified percentage of concentration, Chemical should be diluted with water in required quantity before it is used. Graduated containers shall be used for dilution of chemical with water in the required proportion to achieve the desired percentage of concentration. For example, to dilute chemical of 20% concentration. 19 parts of water shall be added to one part of chemical for achieving 1% concentration.
  • 33. 33 7. DE-WATERING Dewatering at IOCL building project:- Well point dewatering system Closed ring type of well point dewatering system will be suitable for this project. The method consists of many well points well‐spaced spread across the site. Suction tubes with screens are inserted in these wells and further connected to a header pipe which in turn is connected to one or more pumps. Procedure 1. Bores are dug at least at an interval of 2m around the site. 2. Small pipes, 50‐80mm diameter, with screens are inserted in the wells 3. These well points are connected to a common header. 4. The header is then connected to a pump of a suitable capacity. 5. The withdrawn water then is discharged into a recharge well or any other suitable location as per the NGT norms Advantages of this method: 1. This method is suitable for depth up to 6m 2. Installation is very rapid 3. This is an economical and reasonably simple choice for dewatering.
  • 34. 34 SOME FIGURES SHOWING TYPICAL WELL POINT ARRANGEMENT
  • 35. 35 7. WATER PROOFING RAFT WATER PROOFING:- It consist of Supplying and installing waterproofing treatment for "Raft Slab" by using fully bonded, pre-applied, DOU SELVEDGE laps of sheet membrane of minimum 4.5mm before casting of the base RCC slab at all depths conforming to basement waterproofing protection to grade 3 as defined in BS 8102:2009 & BIS 16471:2017. The fully bonded sheet membrane shall consist of a multi-layer composite film which consists of high performance SBS and polyester reinforcement and a trafficable weather resistant carbon crystals layer Fully bonded sheet membrane shall be chemically resistant in all types of soil or water and is unaffected by ground settlement beneath slabs. Shall offer following minimum properties: 1) Resist hydrostatic pressure of > 110 m head of water (as per ASTM D5385) 2) Peel adhesion to concrete- > 4248 N/m (As per ASTM D903) 3) Puncture Resistance - > 1100 N (as per ASTM E154) 4) Lap Joint Adhesion strength - > 1300 N/m (as per ASTM D 1876). Waterproofing membrane shall be laid onto a Uniform PCC, free of protrusions and levelled substrate. Substrate shall be damp but free of ponded water. Fully bonded membrane shall be installed with minimum standard 100 mm selvedge laps. Selvedge shall be Duo Selvedge 55mm self-adhesive and 45mm thermo fusible film. Once the membrane is in the desired location remove the release film on the DUO SELVEDGE side lap. As self-adhered portion of the lap is adhered, a heat welding device is used to seal the lap. Firm rolling onto the surface shall be done to achieve water tight seal complete all as per manufacturer’s recommendations, etc. complete with all lead and lift for all materials and labour and as directed by engineer in charge. Approved Makes for Indian Oil Corporation Limited are - Colphene BSW of Soprema or equivalent
  • 36. 36 RETAINING WALL WATERPROOFING:- It consist of Supplying & Installing 1.5mm thick self-adhesive , cold applied ,flexible waterproofing membrane with tri-laminated polyethylene film design for foundation walls and other below grade vertical surfaces. Membrane should be supplied with original manufacturer's Material Test Certificate (MTC) & membrane should be installed in strict accordance with original manufacturer's instructions. The self- adhesive membrane shall have following minimum properties :(i) Lap Adhesion>2000 N/m as per ASTM D 1876(ii) Static puncture > 740 N/m as per ASTM E154(iii) Tear Resistance : > 375 N as per ASTM D5601(iv) Peel resistance > 3500 as per ASTM D 903Rates to include self-adhesive membrane Termination on retaining wall which includes providing a chase of (20 x 20) mm at a distance of 300 mm from ground level or 150 mm from podium/roof slab level for membrane termination. The self-adhesive membrane should be dressed into the chase and pointed with mortar or as approved by supplier prior to backfilling. The membrane shall be applied as per following procedure:-a) The substrate should be clean, sound, free of excess water and loose materials, grease and any contaminants b) Apply solvent based local primer as per manufacturer recommendation on the surface and allow to dry. c) Roll out membrane, cut it to manageable lengths and stick it to the surface by peeling off the release paper on the back of the membrane .Press membrane in place. side laps shall have 75 mm overlaps &end lap joints shall be 150mm wide .d) Continue applying the membrane till entire area is covered .e) Membrane Protection : Protection of membrane with Supply & spot bonding 7-8mm thick dimpled HDPE protection board, Protecdrain of SOPREMA, France, spot bonded onto the self-adhesive membrane with liquid mastic. And shall be applied prior to back filling. The backfilling shall be done within 2-3 days of fixing protection board. Approved Make for Indian Oil Corporation limited are Colphene 3000 or equivalent.
  • 37. 37 A PICTURE OF WATERPROOFING DONE ON RETAINING WALL
  • 38. 38 10. QUALITY CONTROL QUALITY CONTROL:- Quality control in construction typically involves insuring compliance with minimum standards of material and workmanship in order to insure the performance of the facility according to the design. Quality control is important because it is the foundation of your project's success. When we provide advanced planning and set quality standards early on, we reduce the risk of making costly mistakes once construction begins. Focusing on quality control can also improve the safety of a project. Several Tests are conducted on site to assure Quality Control:-  Compressive Strength of Cube Compressive strength is the ability of material or structure to carry the loads on its surface without any crack or deflection. A material under compression tends to reduce the size, while in tension, size elongates. It is mentioned in IS 456:2000 For cube test two types of specimens either cubes of 15cm X 15cm X 15cm or 10cm X 10cm x 10cm depending upon the size of aggregate are used. For most of the works cubical moulds of size 15cm x 15cm x 15cm are commonly used. This concrete is poured in the mould and appropriately tempered so as not to have any voids. After 24 hours, moulds are removed, and test specimens are put in water for curing. The top surface of these specimen should be made even and smooth. This is done by placing cement paste and spreading smoothly on the whole area of the specimen. These specimens are tested by compression testing machine after seven days curing or 28 days curing. Load should be applied gradually at the rate of 140 kg/cm2 per minute till the Specimens fails. Load at the failure divided by area of specimen gives the compressive strength of concrete. After 7 days 70 % strength is attained by the concrete while after 28 days 99% Strength is attained.
  • 39. 39 Compressive Strength = P/A P – Load in N A – Area of Cube in sq.mm (150 mm x 150mm) Compressive Strength in N/sq. mm A COMPRESSION TESTING MACHINE
  • 40. 40  Slump Cone Test Slump cone test is to determine the workability or consistency of concrete mix prepared at the laboratory or the construction site during the progress of the work. Concrete slump test is carried out from batch to batch to check the uniform quality of concrete during construction. The slump test is the most simple workability test for concrete, involves low cost and provides immediate results. Due to this fact, it has been widely used for workability tests since 1922. The slump is carried out as per procedures mentioned in IS: 1199 – 1959 in India. Generally concrete slump value is used to find the workability, which indicates water-cement ratio, but there are various factors including properties of materials, mixing methods, dosage, admixtures etc. also affect the concrete slump value. The ideal slump value may vary from 75 mm to 110 mm
  • 41. 41  Sieve Analysis A sieve analysis is an analytical technique used to determine the particle size distribution of a granular material with macroscopic granular sizes. The sieve analysis technique involves several layers of sieves with different grades of sieve opening sizes. It is done for both fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. It is mentioned in IS 460-1962 During sieving the sample is subjected to horizontal or vertical movement in accordance with the chosen method. This causes a relative movement between the particles and the sieve; depending on their size the individual particles either pass through the sieve mesh or are retained on the sieve surface. Procedure: Step 1: Take a representative oven-dried sample that weighs approximately 500g. Step 2: If particles are lumped or conglomerated, crush the lumps but not the particles using the pestle and mortar. Step 3: Determine the mass of sample accurately – Weight (g). Step 4: Prepare a stack of test sieves. The sieves are stacked in order, with the largest aperture size at the top, and the smallest at the bottom. A receiver is placed under all of the sieves to collect samples. Step 5: Weigh all the sieves and the pan separately. Step 6: Pour the samples from step 3 into top of the stack of sieves and put the lid on, place the stack in the sieve shaker and fix the clamps, adjust the timer to between 10 and 15 minutes, and switch on the shaker. Step 7: Stop the sieve shaker and measure the mass of each sieve and retained soil/material.
  • 43. 43 9. FOUNDATION Foundation is a structural part of a building on which a building stands. Foundation transmits and distributes its own load and imposed loads to the soil in such a way that the load bearing capacity of the foundation bed is not exceeded. The solid ground on which the foundation rests, is called foundation bed. Types of foundations:-  Shallow foundation Individual footing or isolated footing. Combined footing. Strip foundation. Raft or mat foundation.  Deep Foundation Pile foundation. Drilled Shafts or caissons. Here in this project, Raft foundation is being used. RAFT FOUNDATION: A raft foundation, also called a mat foundation, is essentially a continuous slab resting on the soil that extends over the entire footprint of the building, thereby supporting the building and transferring its weight to the ground. This reduces the stress on the soil. The raft is spread in three depths that is 1200mm, 600mm, 750mm. The reinforcements used in the raft are 25mm, 20mm, 16mm. The mix design used for the casting of the raft foundation is M30 Clear Cover – 50mm Cover Blocks and chair is provided to keep the bars in position. During casting the concrete should be fully compacted by mechanical vibrator. Over compaction is avoided as it causes segregation & bleeding. Compaction must be finished before initial setting of concrete starts
  • 45. 45 11. STRUCTURAL WORKS RETAINING WALL:  TYPES – RW1,RW2,RW3,R4,R5  P.C.C – 100 mm  PCC PROPORTION – 1:4:8  GRADE OF CONCRETE – M30  CLEAR COVER – 25mm  REINFORCEMENTS USED – 8mm,16mm,12mm & 10mm  METHOD OF CONCRETING - PUMPING SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF RETAINING WALL RW1
  • 46. 46 SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF RETAINING WALL RW2 SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF RETAINING WALL RW3
  • 47. 47 SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF RETAINING WALL RW4 SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF RETAINING WALL RW5
  • 48. 48 BASEMENT ROOF SLAB:  THICKNESS OF SLAB – 200mm (Non-Tower Area) 150mm (Tower Area)  GRADE OF CONCRETE – M30  REINFORCEMENT USED – 16 mm @ 100 c/c in both direction (BOTTOM) 12 mm @ 100 c/c in both direction (TOP)  METHOD OF CONCRETING - PUMPING  CLEAR COVER – 25mm Cover Blocks and chair is provided to keep the bars in position. During casting the concrete should be fully compacted by mechanical vibrator. Over compaction is avoided as it causes segregation & bleeding. Compaction must be finished before initial setting of concrete starts SLAB REINFORCEMENT OF BASEMENT ROOF
  • 49. 49 CASTING OF BASEMENT ROOF SLAB FORM WORK OF THE BASEMENT ROOF SLAB
  • 50. 50 STAIRCASE There are Two Staircase Located in the Tower area of the Building: 1. STAIRCASE No. 1  WIDTH =1500 mm  TREAD=300mm  RISE=150 mm  WAIST SLAB THICKNESS=150mm  GRADE OF CONCRETE – M30 2. STAIRCASE No. 2  WIDTH=1500 mm  TREAD=300mm  RISE=150 mm  WAIST SLAB THICKNESS=150mm  GRADE OF CONCRETE – M30 The reinforcements used in constructing these staircases are 16mm, 12mm, 10mm, and 8mm
  • 51. 51 SOME OF THE STRUCTUTRAL DRAWINGS FOR STAIRCASE 1
  • 52. 52 SOME OF THE STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS FOR STAIRCASE 2
  • 53. 53
  • 54. 54 12. CONCLUSION As a civil Engineering student I got a golden opportunity to gain experience in this Indian Oil State Office Building project. The methods and technical specifications which I learnt at site will help me in every aspect of professionalism. During the training period I have gained knowledge about how the work is executed practically on site. I also learnt how to inspect every civil engineering components that will help me in minimizing the errors in the future. I learnt how to connect the theoretical knowledge of the subject to the practical applications. During my training I focused on Statutory Approvals taken before commencement of any project, the futuristic concept of green buildings and zero net buildings, waterproofing, Quality controls, structural works and Safety measures to be followed at site. Although being an oil and energy sector organization, IOCL has huge base for civil engineering which allowed me to enhance my skills. I will take this experience forward throughout my life. Thank you.