Introduction of Solid waste management

Solid Waste Management
Shree K.K. Shashtri Gov. Sci. College
Environmental Science

Introduction to solid waste
 Definition- Any useless, discarded, unwanted material that is
not a liquid or gas is referred as solid waste or refuse.
 It is non liquid , non gaseous material ranging from municipal
garbage to industrial waste that contain complex and
sometimes hazardous substances.

Introduction to solid waste
 As per the Municipal Solid Waste (Management &Handling) Rule,
2000 garbage is define as Municipal Solid Waste which includes
commercial and residential wastes generated in a municipal or
notified areas in either solid or semi-solid form excluding industrial
hazardous wastes but including treated bio-medical wastes.
 Municipal solid waste consists of household waste, construction
and demolition debris, sanitation residue, and waste from streets.
This garbage is generated mainly from residential and commercial
complexes.

Classification of solid waste
 It is based on Sources, types of solid waste, composition of solid
waste and the rate at which it is generated, discarded or
disposed.
1. Residential– it refers to wastes generated from dwelling,
apartment, town houses. It consists of left over food,
vegetables, peeled material, plastic, clothes, wood, ashes, etc.
2. Commercial– Waste from stores, hotels, markets, restaurants,
shopping malls, etc. It consists of grocery material, leftover
food, metals, E-waste, etc.

3. Institutional– waste generated from schools, colleges,
offices. It consists of paper, plastic, glass, E-waste.
4. Municipal waste- waste generated from house holds,
commercials buildings, street sweeping, hotels and
restaurants, clinics and dispensaries, construction and
demolition, horticulture and sludge.

5. Industrial– consists of process waste, ashes, demolition and
construction waste, hazardous waste from various industrial
processes.
6. Agricultural– Includes spoiled food grains and vegetables,
agricultural remains, litter generated from fields, farms,
vineyards etc.

Characteristics of MSW
These percentages may vary from city to city depending on
food habits
Type of Waste Quantity
Compostable / Bio-degradable
matter
30% - 55% (can be converted
into manure)
Inert material 40% - 45% (to go to landfill)
Recyclable materials 5% - 10% (Recycling)

Composition of solid waste
Composition varies with
 The socio economic status ( Lifestyle, consumption pattern)
 Geographical Location
 Season
 Collection Frequency
 Population diversity
 Public attitude
 Legislation

Composition of urban solid waste
Type of Waste Quantity
Organics 40-50%
Paper 3-5%
Ash & Dust 15-30%
Textile 3-7%
Plastic 1-10%
Glass 1%
Metal 1%
Other 7-10%

Type based Classification
 It is based on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of
waste.
1. Refuse- This is all putrescible and non putrescible waste except
body waste. It consists of rubbish and garbage.
2. Rubbish– Portion of refuse which is non putrescible solid waste.
(packaging material)
3. Garbage– consists of putrescible component of solid waste.
Includes vegetable, animal waste resulting from handling, sale,
storage, preparation, cooking and serving of food.

Garbage consist of four broad categories of waste
1. Organic waste: kitchen waste, vegetables, flowers, leaves, fruits.
2. Toxic waste: old medicines, paints, chemicals, bulbs, spray cans,
fertilizer and pesticide containers, batteries, shoe polish.
3. Recyclable: paper, glass, metals, plastics.
4. Soiled: hospital waste such as cloth soiled with blood and other
body fluids.

1. Ashes and residues – Total inorganic includes remains from
burning of wood, coal, charcoal and other combustible material for
cooking and heating in houses. When produced in large amount in
factories and power plants it is classified as industrial waste.
2. Combustible and non combustible waste- Generated from
household and institutions excluding food waste.
 Combustible – paper, textile, cardboard , rubber, garden
trimmings.
 Non combustible material – glass, crockery, cans, dirt, ferrous and
non ferrous material.

3. Bulky waste– Household waste which cannot be accommodated in
the normal storage containers and need special collection
mechanism. (refrigerators, washing machines, furniture etc.)
4. Street Waste– waste collected from streets, walkways, parks,
playgrounds. Include paper, cardboard, plastic, dirt leaves in large
quantities.
5. Biodegradable and non biodegradable waste- Organics are
biodegradable waste and inorganic and recyclable material is non
biodegradable such as Plastic, metal, glass, etc.

6. Dead animals- those who die naturally or accidently killed on the
road. It does not include waste from slaughter house.
7. Construction and demolition waste– Include stones, concrete,
bricks, roofing and plumbing material, electric wires etc.
8. Farm waste– results from diverse agricultural activities like
planting, harvesting, rearing of animals, poultry waste.
9. Hazardous waste – Include the waste from institutions, and industries
which have characteristics of Ignitability, corrosively, reactivity, toxicity.

10. Sewage waste- These are the solid byproducts of sewage
treatment. Mostly organic derived from treated organic sludge
separated from raw and treated sewage. Waste is sticky and rich
in pathogens.
11. E waste– these are the electronic products nearing the end of their
useful life. It include discarded computers, televisions, fax
machines, copiers, cell phones, batteries.
 This waste is considered dangerous as some components are
hazardous. If improperly disposed can leach lead and other
substances into soil and ground water.

Introduction of Solid waste management

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