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Introduction to Amazon Relational Database Service

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Amazon Web Services
Amazon Web Services

by Joyjeet Banerjee, Enterprise Solution Architect, AWS Amazon RDS allows you to launch an optimally configured, secure and highly available database with just a few clicks. It provides cost-efficient and resizable capacity while managing time-consuming database administration tasks, freeing you to focus on your applications and business. We’ll discuss Amazon RDS fundamentals, learn about the seven available database engines, and examine customer success stories. Level 100

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© 2016, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) Joyjeet Banerjee Enterprise Solutions Architect
• Multi-engine support – Aurora, MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server • Automated provisioning, Scaling, Patching, Backup/Restore • High availability with RDS Multi-AZ, Auto-Failover – 99.95% SLA for Multi-AZ deployments • Security • Monitoring Amazon RDS
If you host your databases on-premises Power, HVAC, net Rack & stack Server maintenance OS patches DB s/w patches Database backups Scaling High availability DB s/w installs OS installation App optimization you
If you host your databases in Amazon EC2 Power, HVAC, net Rack & stack Server maintenance OS patches DB s/w patches Database backups Scaling High availability DB s/w installs OS installation App optimization you
If you host your databases in Amazon RDS Power, HVAC, net Rack & stack Server maintenance OS patches DB s/w patches Database backups App optimization High availability DB s/w installs OS installation Scaling you
No infrastructure management Scale up/down Cost-effective Instant provisioning Application compatibility Why use Amazon RDS
• Lower TCO because we manage the muck • Get more leverage from your teams • Focus on the things that differentiate you • Built-in high availability and cross region replication across multiple data centers • Available on all engines, including base/standard editions, not just for enterprise editions • Now even a small startup can leverage multiple data centers to design highly available apps with over 99.95% availability. We Made Things Cheaper, Easier, and Better
Provisioning and Effortless Scaling • Handle higher load or lower usage • Naturally grow over time • Control costs
Read Replicas Bring data close to your customer’s applications in different regions Relieve pressure on your master node for supporting reads and writes Promote a Read Replica to a master for faster recovery in the event of disaster
Enterprise-grade fault tolerance solution for production databases Automatic failover Synchronous replication Inexpensive & enabled with one click High Availability Multi-AZ Deployments
Security and Compliance • Network Isolation • Database instance IP firewall protection • AWS IAM based resource-level permission controls • Encryption at rest using AWS KMS or Oracle/Microsoft TDE • SSL protection for data in transit • Assurance programs for finance, healthcare, government and more
Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) Securely control network configuration Availability Zone AWS Region 10.1.0.0/16 10.1.1.0/24 Manage connectivity VPN connection VPC peering Internet gateway MAWS Direct Connect Routing rules
Security groups Database IP firewall protection Protocol Port Range Source TCP 3306 172.31.0.0/16 TCP 3306 “Application security group” Corporate address admins Application tier M
IAM governed access You can use AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) to control who can perform actions on RDS Users and DBAApplications DBA and Ops Your database RDS Controlled with IAMControlled with database grants M
At Rest Encryption for all RDS Engines AWS Key Management Service (KMS) Two-tiered key hierarchy using envelope encryption: • Unique data key encrypts customer data • AWS KMS master keys encrypt data keys • Available for ALL RDS engines Benefits: • Limits risk of compromised data key • Better performance for encrypting large data • Easier to manage small number of master keys than millions of data keys • Centralized access and audit of key activity Data key 1 Data key 2 Data key 3 Data key 4 Custom application Customer master key(s) Amazon RDS instance 3 Amazon RDS instance 2 Amazon RDS instance 1
Compliance Singapore MTCS 27001/9001 27017/27018
Compliance Aurora SOC 1, 2, 3 ISO 20001/9001 ISO 27107/27018 PCI HIPAA BAA MySQL SOC 1, 2, 3 ISO 20001/9001 ISO 27107/27018 PCI FedRamp HIPAA BAA UK Gov. Programs Singapore MTCS Oracle SOC 1, 2, 3 ISO 20001/9001 ISO 27107/27018 PCI FedRamp HIPAA BAA UK Gov. Programs Singapore MTCS MariaDB SOC 1, 2, 3 ISO 20001/9001 ISO 27107/27018 PCI PostgreSQL SOC 1, 2, 3 ISO 20001/9001 ISO 27107/27018 PCI FedRamp HIPAA BAA UK Gov. Programs Singapore MTCS SQL Server SOC 1, 2, 3 ISO 20001/9001 ISO 27107/27018 PCI UK Gov. Programs Singapore MTCS
Standard monitoring Amazon CloudWatch metrics for Amazon RDS l CPU utilization l Storage l Memory l Swap usage l DB connections l I/O (read and write) l Latency (read and write) l Throughput (read and write) l Replica lag l Many more Amazon CloudWatch Alarms l Similar to on-premises custom monitoring tools
Enhanced Monitoring Access to over 50 new CPU, memory, file system, and disk I/O metrics as low as 1 second intervals
Amazon RDS Customers
• Airbnb moved its main MySQL database to Amazon RDS with only 15 minutes of downtime • RDS simplifies much of the time-consuming administrative tasks associated with databases so engineers can spend more time on features • Uses asynchronous master-slave replication to improve website performance launched via the RDS console or an API call • Leverages multi-Availability Zone (Multi-AZ) for high availability Airbnb – Amazon RDS for MySQL
Reinventing the Relational Database
Key Questions We Asked • What if we started from a clean sheet of paper with only constraint being that the database was a relational database? • Could we offer much better performance by leveraging the massive scale of our cloud? • Could we give you a database with designed durability indistinguishable from 100% and availability of 99.99%? • …And could we be better and cheaper than the 30-year old commercial databases in use today?
Amazon RDS for Aurora • MySQL compatible with up to 5x better performance on the same hardware: 100,000 writes/sec & 500,000 reads/sec • Scalable with up to 64 TB in single database, up to 15 read replicas • Highly available, durable, and fault-tolerant custom SSD storage layer: 6-way replicated across 3 Availability Zones • Transparent encryption for data at rest using AWS KMS • Stored procedures in Amazon Aurora can invoke AWS Lambda functions Fastest growing service in AWS history A new relational database engine, built from the ground up to leverage AWS
Amazon Aurora Customers
Use case: Near real-time analytics and reporting Master Read Replica Read Replica Read Replica Shared distributed storage volume Reader end-point A customer in the travel industry migrated to Aurora for their core reporting application accessed by ~1,000 internal users. § Replicas can be created, deleted and scaled within minutes based on load. § Read-only queries are load balanced across replica fleet through a DNS endpoint – no application configuration needed when replicas are added or removed. § Low replication lag allows mining for fresh data with no delays, immediately after the data is loaded. § Significant performance gains for core analytics queries - some of the queries executing in 1/100th the original time. ► Up to 15 promotable read replicas ► Low replica lag – typically < 10ms ► Reader end-point with load balancing
Amazon Aurora is now PostgreSQL-compatible • PostgreSQL 9.6 compatibility with support for PostGIS • All the features you expect from Amazon Aurora including 15 read replicas with <10ms lag, shared storage, failover without data loss, 6-way replication across 3 Availability Zones, encryption with AWS KMS • Available now in preview
Simplify monitoring from the AWS Management Console l Database load: Identifies database bottlenecks l Easy l Powerful l Identifies source of bottlenecks l Top SQL l Adjustable time frame l Hour, day, week, and longer Max CPU Performance Insights for Amazon RDS
Feature Aurora MySQL MariaDB PostgreSQL Oracle SQL Server VPC ü ü ü ü ü ü High availability ü ü ü ü ü ü Instance Scaling ü ü ü ü ü ü Automated Backups ü ü ü ü ü ü Encryption ü ü ü ü ü ü Read replicas ü ü ü ü Oracle Golden Gate / DMS DMS Cross region replicas ü ü ü ü Max Storage 64 TB 6 TB 6 TB 6 TB 6 TB 4 TB Scale Storage Auto scaling ü ü ü ü Provisioned IOPS NA 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 20,000 Largest Instance R3.8XL R3.8XL M4.10XL R3.8XL M4.10XL R3.8XL M4.10XL R3.8XL M4.10XL R3.8XL M4.10XL RDS Engine Capability Matrix
AWS Database Migration Service • Fully managed service for migration from on-premises to the AWS Cloud with minimal downtime • Migrates data to and from all widely used commercial and open source DBs • Schema Conversion Tool that converts source DB schemas, stored procedures and application code to a different target format • Supports homogenous and heterogeneous data replication • A terabyte-sized DB can be migrated for as little as $3
Database Conversion Capabilities in SCT Source Database Target Database Microsoft SQL Server è Amazon Aurora, MySQL, PostgreSQL MySQL è Amazon Aurora, PostgreSQL Oracle è Amazon Aurora, MySQL, PostgreSQL Oracle Data Warehouse è Amazon Redshift PostgreSQL è Amazon Aurora, MySQL Teradata, Netezza, Greenplum è Amazon Redshift
AWS Database Migration Service Customers
Heterogeneous Migration • Oracle private DC to RDS PostgreSQL migration • Used the AWS Schema Conversion Tool to convert their database schema • Used on-going replication (CDC) to keep databases in sync until they reached the cutover window • Benefits: • Improved reliability of the cloud environment • Savings on Oracle licensing costs • SCT Assessment Report let them understand the scope of the migration
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Introduction to Amazon Relational Database Service

  • 1. © 2016, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) Joyjeet Banerjee Enterprise Solutions Architect
  • 2. • Multi-engine support – Aurora, MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server • Automated provisioning, Scaling, Patching, Backup/Restore • High availability with RDS Multi-AZ, Auto-Failover – 99.95% SLA for Multi-AZ deployments • Security • Monitoring Amazon RDS
  • 3. If you host your databases on-premises Power, HVAC, net Rack & stack Server maintenance OS patches DB s/w patches Database backups Scaling High availability DB s/w installs OS installation App optimization you
  • 4. If you host your databases in Amazon EC2 Power, HVAC, net Rack & stack Server maintenance OS patches DB s/w patches Database backups Scaling High availability DB s/w installs OS installation App optimization you
  • 5. If you host your databases in Amazon RDS Power, HVAC, net Rack & stack Server maintenance OS patches DB s/w patches Database backups App optimization High availability DB s/w installs OS installation Scaling you
  • 6. No infrastructure management Scale up/down Cost-effective Instant provisioning Application compatibility Why use Amazon RDS
  • 7. • Lower TCO because we manage the muck • Get more leverage from your teams • Focus on the things that differentiate you • Built-in high availability and cross region replication across multiple data centers • Available on all engines, including base/standard editions, not just for enterprise editions • Now even a small startup can leverage multiple data centers to design highly available apps with over 99.95% availability. We Made Things Cheaper, Easier, and Better
  • 8. Provisioning and Effortless Scaling • Handle higher load or lower usage • Naturally grow over time • Control costs
  • 9. Read Replicas Bring data close to your customer’s applications in different regions Relieve pressure on your master node for supporting reads and writes Promote a Read Replica to a master for faster recovery in the event of disaster
  • 10. Enterprise-grade fault tolerance solution for production databases Automatic failover Synchronous replication Inexpensive & enabled with one click High Availability Multi-AZ Deployments
  • 11. Security and Compliance • Network Isolation • Database instance IP firewall protection • AWS IAM based resource-level permission controls • Encryption at rest using AWS KMS or Oracle/Microsoft TDE • SSL protection for data in transit • Assurance programs for finance, healthcare, government and more
  • 12. Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) Securely control network configuration Availability Zone AWS Region 10.1.0.0/16 10.1.1.0/24 Manage connectivity VPN connection VPC peering Internet gateway MAWS Direct Connect Routing rules
  • 13. Security groups Database IP firewall protection Protocol Port Range Source TCP 3306 172.31.0.0/16 TCP 3306 “Application security group” Corporate address admins Application tier M
  • 14. IAM governed access You can use AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) to control who can perform actions on RDS Users and DBAApplications DBA and Ops Your database RDS Controlled with IAMControlled with database grants M
  • 15. At Rest Encryption for all RDS Engines AWS Key Management Service (KMS) Two-tiered key hierarchy using envelope encryption: • Unique data key encrypts customer data • AWS KMS master keys encrypt data keys • Available for ALL RDS engines Benefits: • Limits risk of compromised data key • Better performance for encrypting large data • Easier to manage small number of master keys than millions of data keys • Centralized access and audit of key activity Data key 1 Data key 2 Data key 3 Data key 4 Custom application Customer master key(s) Amazon RDS instance 3 Amazon RDS instance 2 Amazon RDS instance 1
  • 17. Compliance Aurora SOC 1, 2, 3 ISO 20001/9001 ISO 27107/27018 PCI HIPAA BAA MySQL SOC 1, 2, 3 ISO 20001/9001 ISO 27107/27018 PCI FedRamp HIPAA BAA UK Gov. Programs Singapore MTCS Oracle SOC 1, 2, 3 ISO 20001/9001 ISO 27107/27018 PCI FedRamp HIPAA BAA UK Gov. Programs Singapore MTCS MariaDB SOC 1, 2, 3 ISO 20001/9001 ISO 27107/27018 PCI PostgreSQL SOC 1, 2, 3 ISO 20001/9001 ISO 27107/27018 PCI FedRamp HIPAA BAA UK Gov. Programs Singapore MTCS SQL Server SOC 1, 2, 3 ISO 20001/9001 ISO 27107/27018 PCI UK Gov. Programs Singapore MTCS
  • 18. Standard monitoring Amazon CloudWatch metrics for Amazon RDS l CPU utilization l Storage l Memory l Swap usage l DB connections l I/O (read and write) l Latency (read and write) l Throughput (read and write) l Replica lag l Many more Amazon CloudWatch Alarms l Similar to on-premises custom monitoring tools
  • 19. Enhanced Monitoring Access to over 50 new CPU, memory, file system, and disk I/O metrics as low as 1 second intervals
  • 21. • Airbnb moved its main MySQL database to Amazon RDS with only 15 minutes of downtime • RDS simplifies much of the time-consuming administrative tasks associated with databases so engineers can spend more time on features • Uses asynchronous master-slave replication to improve website performance launched via the RDS console or an API call • Leverages multi-Availability Zone (Multi-AZ) for high availability Airbnb – Amazon RDS for MySQL
  • 23. Key Questions We Asked • What if we started from a clean sheet of paper with only constraint being that the database was a relational database? • Could we offer much better performance by leveraging the massive scale of our cloud? • Could we give you a database with designed durability indistinguishable from 100% and availability of 99.99%? • …And could we be better and cheaper than the 30-year old commercial databases in use today?
  • 24. Amazon RDS for Aurora • MySQL compatible with up to 5x better performance on the same hardware: 100,000 writes/sec & 500,000 reads/sec • Scalable with up to 64 TB in single database, up to 15 read replicas • Highly available, durable, and fault-tolerant custom SSD storage layer: 6-way replicated across 3 Availability Zones • Transparent encryption for data at rest using AWS KMS • Stored procedures in Amazon Aurora can invoke AWS Lambda functions Fastest growing service in AWS history A new relational database engine, built from the ground up to leverage AWS
  • 26. Use case: Near real-time analytics and reporting Master Read Replica Read Replica Read Replica Shared distributed storage volume Reader end-point A customer in the travel industry migrated to Aurora for their core reporting application accessed by ~1,000 internal users. § Replicas can be created, deleted and scaled within minutes based on load. § Read-only queries are load balanced across replica fleet through a DNS endpoint – no application configuration needed when replicas are added or removed. § Low replication lag allows mining for fresh data with no delays, immediately after the data is loaded. § Significant performance gains for core analytics queries - some of the queries executing in 1/100th the original time. ► Up to 15 promotable read replicas ► Low replica lag – typically < 10ms ► Reader end-point with load balancing
  • 27. Amazon Aurora is now PostgreSQL-compatible • PostgreSQL 9.6 compatibility with support for PostGIS • All the features you expect from Amazon Aurora including 15 read replicas with <10ms lag, shared storage, failover without data loss, 6-way replication across 3 Availability Zones, encryption with AWS KMS • Available now in preview
  • 28. Simplify monitoring from the AWS Management Console l Database load: Identifies database bottlenecks l Easy l Powerful l Identifies source of bottlenecks l Top SQL l Adjustable time frame l Hour, day, week, and longer Max CPU Performance Insights for Amazon RDS
  • 29. Feature Aurora MySQL MariaDB PostgreSQL Oracle SQL Server VPC ü ü ü ü ü ü High availability ü ü ü ü ü ü Instance Scaling ü ü ü ü ü ü Automated Backups ü ü ü ü ü ü Encryption ü ü ü ü ü ü Read replicas ü ü ü ü Oracle Golden Gate / DMS DMS Cross region replicas ü ü ü ü Max Storage 64 TB 6 TB 6 TB 6 TB 6 TB 4 TB Scale Storage Auto scaling ü ü ü ü Provisioned IOPS NA 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 20,000 Largest Instance R3.8XL R3.8XL M4.10XL R3.8XL M4.10XL R3.8XL M4.10XL R3.8XL M4.10XL R3.8XL M4.10XL RDS Engine Capability Matrix
  • 30. AWS Database Migration Service • Fully managed service for migration from on-premises to the AWS Cloud with minimal downtime • Migrates data to and from all widely used commercial and open source DBs • Schema Conversion Tool that converts source DB schemas, stored procedures and application code to a different target format • Supports homogenous and heterogeneous data replication • A terabyte-sized DB can be migrated for as little as $3
  • 31. Database Conversion Capabilities in SCT Source Database Target Database Microsoft SQL Server è Amazon Aurora, MySQL, PostgreSQL MySQL è Amazon Aurora, PostgreSQL Oracle è Amazon Aurora, MySQL, PostgreSQL Oracle Data Warehouse è Amazon Redshift PostgreSQL è Amazon Aurora, MySQL Teradata, Netezza, Greenplum è Amazon Redshift
  • 32. AWS Database Migration Service Customers
  • 33. Heterogeneous Migration • Oracle private DC to RDS PostgreSQL migration • Used the AWS Schema Conversion Tool to convert their database schema • Used on-going replication (CDC) to keep databases in sync until they reached the cutover window • Benefits: • Improved reliability of the cloud environment • Savings on Oracle licensing costs • SCT Assessment Report let them understand the scope of the migration