Introduction to Climate-Smart Agriculture: Busia County, Kenya
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This document provides an introduction to climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in Busia County, Kenya. It defines CSA and its three objectives of sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and income, adapting and building resilience to climate change, and reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas emissions. It discusses CSA at the farm and landscape scales and provides examples of CSA practices and projects in Kenya. It also outlines Kenya's response to CSA through policies and programs. The document describes prioritizing CSA options through identifying the local context, available options, relevant outcomes, evaluating evidence on options' impacts, and choosing best-bet options based on the analysis.
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Introduction to Climate-Smart Agriculture: Busia County, Kenya
- 1. Introduction to Climate-Smart Agriculture Busia County, March 2, 2020
- 2. What is Climate-Smart Agriculture?
- 3. What are the objectives of CSA? Sustainably increase agricultural productivity and income Reduce and/or remove greenhouse gas emissions Adapt and build resilience to climate change
- 4. Sustainably increase agricultural productivity and income Reduce and/or remove greenhouse gas emissions Adapt and build resilience to climate change • What do productivity, resilience and mitigation mean to you? • Write a word or phrase for each pillar and add it to the board Defining the CSA Pillars
- 5. Brief History of CSA KEY EVENTS 2009: CSA IS BORN FAO & partners broadly define the approach 2014: MOON SHOT UN Secretary General sets goal of reaching 500m smallholders 2019: CSA TURNS 10 ? 2014 - x: MASSIVE MOBILIZATION Billions of USD of public and private sector investment, 10s of Alliances, 10s of countries
- 6. NEPAD Vision 25x25: 25 million smallholders practicing CSA in Africa by 2025
- 7. Kenya’s Response to CSA Policies Programs
- 8. CSA can be practiced at different scales… … from individual farms
- 10. How is CSA practiced at farm scale?
- 11. What are some farm-level CSA practices?
- 12. How is CSA practiced at landscape scale?
- 13. What are some landscape-scale CSA practices?
- 14. Examples of CSA in Kenya https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=niyB9-KqPyA https://youtu.be/kaKqsio88iI?t=73
- 15. CSA FAQs 1. Does a practice need to do achieve all three pillars, productivity, adaptation & mitigation? Not necessarily. In developing countries, mitigation is seen as a co-benefit rather than a requirement. Also, in a portfolio or landscape approach, some practices could focus on productivity and resilience while others focus on mitigation, as long as all objectives are being met in the entire area. 2. Isn’t this just the same as {sustainable agriculture, agroecology}? CSA’s “equal” focus on productivity, resilience, and mitigation differentiates it from other approaches, but it shares many characteristics with other approaches to sustainable food security. CSA is also not prescriptive, but must be tailored to the local context. 3. Other Questions?
- 18. Developing a Basket of CSA Options
- 19. Busia Funyula Nambal e Butula Teso North Teso South Budala ngi Crops Livestock Fisheries Water & Irrigati on Mapping CSA in Busia County
- 20. Project Name: Where: sub-counties, wards Who: project partners? how many farmers? What: what crops/animals? what technologies/activities? Status: on going? finished? Results: any reports? outputs? where are they? For each Project/Activity: Crops Livestock Fisheries Water & Irrigation Mapping CSA in Busia County
- 21. Project Name: Where: sub-counties, wards Who: project partners? how many farmers? What: what crops/animals? what technologies/activities? Status: on going? finished? Results: any reports? outputs? where are they? For each Project/Activity: Crops Livestock Fisheries Water & Irrigation Mapping CSA in Busia County
- 22. Prioritizing CSA Options Using Data Hannah Kamau h.n.kamau@cgiar.org World Agroforestry (ICRAF) Busia County March 2020
- 23. The Challenge for CSA Programs Many Practices Many Goals Many Contexts MitigationResilience Productivity Of What? Most common crops? Most vulnerable crops? For Whom? Most farmers? Most vulnerable farmers?
- 24. Bayala et al. The Importance of Context In a given farming system… Some practices improve outcomes Others do not…
- 25. Pittelkow et al. 2014 Effect on Maize Yield (%) Conservation Agriculture The Importance of Context For a given option… It can improve outcomes in some places But not in others
- 26. Not CSA CSA Rosenstock & Lamanna Context Many practices/programs/policies can be CSA somewhere But none are likely CSA everywhere
- 27. Not CSA CSA Rosenstock & Lamanna Context How do we determine the best-bet practices to scale up?
- 28. Prioritization CSA Options Yield Income Soil Health Gender Equity Adoption Potential etc.. Best-Best Options 1.Identify the context 2.Identify the options 3.Identify the outcomes 4.Generate evidence 5.Evaluate the evidence 6.Choose the best-bet options
- 29. 1. Identify Context Crops Livestock Fisheries - For whom? - Majority of farmers? - Most vulnerable? - Most likely to adopt change?
- 30. Crops Drought-tolerant varieties Access to weather info Training farmers Water Harvesting Soil Water Conservation IPM Livestock Breed Improvement Vaccinations Fodder Formulations Pasture Conservation Livelihood Diversification • How were options identified? • Are there other options that might be relevant? • Where else could we look for options? 2. Identify Options Fisheries Fish ponds & linings Improved feeding Greenhouse fishing Improved hatcheries Cage culture
- 32. Trade-offs and Synergies You may notice that some options have positive impacts for one outcome, but neutral or negative impacts in others. Increased Yield Inorganic Fertilizer GHG Emissions, Costs Less erosion, Improved soil quality, mitigation Agroforestry Lower yields Increased resilience to droughts Irrigation High cost, high labor demand
- 34. 4. Generate Evidence For each Farming System x CSA option, we need to generate evidence on the outcomes that we are interested in. What kinds of evidence can we use? Farmer’s Knowledge Scientific Experiments
- 35. Scientific Evidence What information does a scientific study give us? Bayala et al. • Direction • Magnitude • Uncertainty
- 36. Scientific Evidence Lots of studies have been published on things that might be CSA…
- 37. Scientific Evidence What kind of information do we get from farm level experiments?
- 38. Scientific Evidence Thousands of studies have been done on potential CSA options in Africa 70 Practices x 20 Indicators Abstract/title review Full text review Key word search Data extraction +50,000 studies 1700 studies
- 39. Scientific Evidence From farm experiments to a Global Database
- 40. 1. How does adding fertilizer change maize yield? 2. How much variability is there? 3. How confident can we be in this result? CSA & Cereal Yield in Semi-Arid nic Fertilizer (e.g. NPK, DAP, etc.) Variability in Change Mean Change in Yield
- 41. CSA & Cereal Yield in Semi-Arid
- 43. Does AEZ affect CSA?
- 44. Does AEZ affect CSA?
- 45. 5. Evaluate Evidence In your subsector groups: 1. Examine the data available for CSA options 2. Is there anything you would add to your basket based on the data? 3. Is there anything you would take away?
- 49. Prioritization for CSA Action Plan CSA Actions Goals Best-Best Actions 3.Identify the options 4.Generate evidence 1. Identify the context -> Busia Sub-Sectors 2. Identify the outcomes -> CSA Goals -> CSA Inventory -> Data 5.Evaluate the evidence -> Rose/Bud/Thorn 6.Choose the priority actions
- 50. 1.Adapt & Build Resilience to Climate Change 2. Mitigate GHG Emissions 3. Enabling Environment & Coordination 4. Cross-cutting Issues (gender, resources, data, etc.) Strategic Objectives
- 51. 1. Assign Roses/Buds/Thorns & Options from the Basket to KCSA Strategic Objectives 2. Prioritize 1-2 actions per Obejctive
- 52. 1. Assign Roses/Buds/Thorns & Options from the Basket to KCSA Strategic Objectives 2. Prioritize 1-2 actions per Component (30 min) Adaptation & Resilience Mitigation Enabling Environment Cross- Cutting Issues
- 53. 1. Assign Roses/Buds/Thorns & Options from the Basket to KCSA Strategic Objectives 2. Prioritize 1-2 actions per Objective