Introduction to engineering geology

Dr. Suman Rawat
Vishwaniketan's Institute of
Management Entrepreneurship and
Engineering Technology
Importance of geological
studies in civil Engineering

6/28/2020
•STABILITY
• SAFETY •
• ECONOMY
Scope of Engineering Geology

Engineering Geology
 Engineering geology is a branch of applied sciences
which deals with the application of geology for safe,
stable and economic design and construction of a
civil engineering project.
 Application of geological knowledge in planning,
designing and construction of a civil engineering
project is absolutely essential.
 Engineering geologic studies may be performed
during the planning, environmental impact analysis,
civil or structural engineering design, value
engineering and construction phases of public and
private works projects, and during post-construction
and forensic phases of projects.

Objectives
6/28/2020
It enables a civil engineer to understand
engineering implications of certain geological
conditions related to the area of construction.
It enables a geologist to understand the
geological information that is absolutely essential
for a safe design and construction of a civil
engineering project.

5
Why Engineering geology?
• Serve civil engineering to provide information in 3
most important areas:
1. Finding stable foundations.
2.Resources for construction; aggregates, fills and
borrows.
3. Mitigation of geological hazards; Identify
problems, evaluate the costs, provide information
to mitigate the problem
Importance of engineering geology in Civil
Engineering practice

6/28/2020
In construction
•In all types of heavy construction like building tower, dams,
reservoirs, highways, bridges, traffic and hydropower tunnel
and retaining structure, knowledge of geology is essential.
• The geological information about the site of construction (or
excavation) and about the natural materials of construction is
of paramount importance.
•This information is vital for planning realistic and designing
and economic excavation of one and all of such projects.

6/28/2020
In Planning
•It provides the engineer with a general guidance about the
suitability of the site for a proposed project.
• It enables to appreciate the limiting factors imposed upon
his planning by topography, geomorphology, ground water
conditions etc. of the area.
•It gives the engineer a general idea about the availability of
different types of construction material.
•It guides him in limiting the Drilling for selecting the final
site to such number as would be absolutely essential.

6/28/2020
In Designing
•The existence of hard rock and their depth from an
inclination with the surface.
•Mechanical properties of the rocks along the
proposed site, especially, bearing strength, shear
strength, modulus of elasticity, permeability and
resistance to decay and disintegration.
•Presence of structurally weak plans (Joints, Faults
and Fractures) and weak zones (Peat deposits and
sheared zones).

Plate Tectonic Theory
6/28/2020

Physical Geology and Geomorphology

A mineral is a naturally
occurring inorganic solid,
with a definite chemical
composition, and an ordered
atomic arrangement.
simpler. Minerals are naturally
occurring. They are not made
by humans. Minerals are
inorganic.
Examples include quartz,
feldspar minerals, calcite,
sulfur and the
clay minerals such as
kaolinite and smectite
Mineralogy

Structural Geology
Folds, Faults, and
other
Records of Rock
Deformation

PETROLOGY
• a branch of geology, which deals with study of rocks
(Petro=rock, Logos=study)
ROCKS
IGNEOUS
-most abundant
-primary rocks
-source is
magma or
lava
SEDIMENTARY
-thin veneer above
the Sial and Sima
in Oceanic and
Continental
Crusts
-secondary rocks
METAMORPHIC
-proportion is similar to
that of Igneous
rocks
-change of forms of
Igneous and
Sedimentary due to
Temperature,
Pressure and
Chemical Fluids

Introduction to engineering geology

Related slideshows

More Related Content

Introduction to engineering geology