This document summarizes research on using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyze heat transfer and friction factors for turbulent flow of titanium dioxide, iron oxide, and silicon dioxide nanofluid in semi-circle corrugated channels. The simulations were conducted at Reynolds numbers of 10,000-30,000, nanoparticle volume fractions of 0-6%, and constant heat flux conditions. Results showed that the Nusselt number, a measure of heat transfer, increased with higher nanoparticle volume fraction and Reynolds number. Maximum Nusselt number enhancement of 2.07 was found at a Reynolds number of 30,000 and volume fraction of 6%.
This document describes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of natural convection flow through a square cavity using ANSYS software. The study investigates laminar natural convection heat transfer in two-dimensional vertical air cavities for a range of Rayleigh numbers from 103 to 106 and an aspect ratio of 1. The geometry of the square cavity is created and meshed in ANSYS. Steady-state simulations are performed using the finite volume method. Boundary conditions of isothermal side walls and adiabatic top and bottom walls are applied. Contour plots and streamlines of velocity and temperature are analyzed to understand heat transfer trends. Nusselt number correlations as a function of Rayleigh number are proposed based
Transient Three-dimensional Numerical Analysis of Forced Convection Flow and ...IOSR Journals
A three-dimensional transient numerical study of a constant property Newtonian fluid in curved pipe under laminar flow conditions is presented for a uniform wall temperature boundary condition. Numerical solutions were obtained using the control volume method described by Patankar for the range of. The working fluid was water. The transient flow pattern and the temperature distribution on the tube section were derived for different values of the Reynolds number. Graphical results for velocity and temperature are presented and analyzed. Results have shown that the maximum velocity in center of velocity profile increase with increasing of Reynolds number. In curved pipes, time averaged results exhibited Dean circulation and a strong velocity and temperature stratification in the radial direction. Flow and heat transfer were strongly asymmetric, with higher values near the outer pipe bend.
CFD Analysis for Heat Transfer Enhancement of a Corrugated Plate Heat Exchang...ijtsrd
The flow properties of heat transfer across such corrugated channels are very distinct from parallel plate channels. The primary flow direction is parallel to the waviness of the channel of the corrugated channel, although the local flow direction is still changed due to the waviness of the channel. By flow recirculation, separation and re attachment, the thermal boundary layer formed on its walls is regularly disrupted and the convective heat transfer coefficient is thus increased. In this work, in corrugated channels, the convective heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of flow have been tested numerically. On channels of uniform heat flux and fixed corrugation over a Reynolds number spectrum, 10000 = Re = 30000, numerical research was conducted. The impacts of channel configuration, variation in Reynold’s number, and concentration variations of nanoparticles in base fluid on heat transfer are discussed. As opposed to the traditional corrugated channel, a major heat transfer gain was associated with the proposed corrugated channel. Based on the nanofluid concentration, Reynold number and channel configuration of the corrugated channel, the average Nusselt number increased by a factor of 2.2 up to 2.8 compared to that of the semi circular corrugated channel. Compared with the effect of channel configuration variation, triangular corrugated channel was the best Nusselt numbers, followed by the shape Semi circular Triangular , and Semi circular corrugated channel with the lowest results. Prof. Pushparaj Singh | Rishi Kesh Jha "CFD Analysis for Heat Transfer Enhancement of a Corrugated Plate Heat Exchanger using Different Corrugated Channel Configurations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35706.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/35706/cfd-analysis-for-heat-transfer-enhancement-of-a-corrugated-plate-heat-exchanger-using-different-corrugated-channel-configurations/prof-pushparaj-singh
IRJET- Numerical Study of Heat Transfer Characteristics on a Dimpled Surface ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes previous research on using dimpled surfaces and pulsating jet impingement to improve heat transfer efficiency. It discusses how increasing the surface area through dimpling and optimizing frequency factors can increase heat transfer rates by up to 36%. Previous studies found that pulsating jets can enhance average heat transfer by 30-80% compared to steady jets, and that symmetrical jet pulsations without a phase difference marginally improve heat transfer while pulsations with a phase difference significantly enhance heat transfer around stagnation points. The document reviews various factors that influence heat transfer rates, such as Reynolds number, frequency, jet diameter, wall-to-nozzle spacing, and dimple geometry.
FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS IN AIR DUCT FLOW WITH AND WITHOUT INTERNAL THREADS USING ...IAEME Publication
Computational heat transfer flow modeling is one of the great challenges in the classical sciences. As with most problems in engineering, the interest in the heat transfer augmentation is increasing due to its extreme importance in various industrial applications. This paper deals with the analysis of heat transfer for fluid flowing through the pipe with and without internal threads using CFD. Using CFD codes for modeling the heat and fluid flow is an efficient tool for predicting equipment performance. CFD offers a convenient means to study the detailed flows and heat exchange processes, which take place inside the tube. Simulations were carried out using commercial CFD software ANSYS Fluent version 14.5. Friction factor and Nusselt number for air flowing through the specified tube (internal diameter = 0.005 m, length = 0.1 m) were obtained first for the plain tube and then for the tube with internal threads with pitch 5mm in the Reynolds number range of 2000 to 5000. Finally results will be compared to available experimental and analytical calculations. The data obtained by simulation are matching with the literature value for a plain tube with the discrepancy of less than plus or minus 5% for Nusselt number and for the friction factor.
Enhanced heat transfer for the tube with internal threads has been observed. Heat flux is more uniform all along the tube and decreases uniformly towards the center.
The results show that, with proper selection of physical parameters, significant heat transfer
enhancements and pressure drop reductions can be achieved simultaneously with porous pin fins and
the overall heat transfer performances in porous pin fin channels are much better than those in
traditional solid pin fin channels. The effects of pore density are significant. As PPI increases, the
pressure drops and heat fluxes in porous pin fin channels increase while the overall heat transfer
efficiencies decrease and the maximal overall heat transfer efficiencies are obtained at PPI 20.
Furthermore, the effects of pin fin form are also remarkable. With the same physical parameters, the
overall heat transfer efficiencies in the long elliptic porous pin fin channels are the highest while they
are the lowest in the short elliptic porous pin fin channels
1) The document presents a computational study to determine heat transfer coefficients and friction factors for turbulent air flow through rectangular ducts with triangular ribs.
2) A commercial software package was used to simulate the flow and analyze heat transfer across the ribbed duct. The duct walls were modeled with and without ribs to compare heat transfer and pressure drop.
3) Results are presented in dimensionless form as Nusselt numbers and friction factors as functions of Reynolds number. It was found that the ribs increased both heat transfer and pressure drop compared to a smooth duct.
Experimental study of heat transfer in pulsating turbulent flow in a pipeMohamed Fadl
The document describes an experimental study that investigated heat transfer characteristics of pulsating turbulent air flow in a heated pipe. The experiments were performed over a range of Reynolds numbers from 10,850 to 37,100 and pulsation frequencies from 6.6 to 68 Hz. The results showed that the local and mean Nusselt number were strongly affected by both pulsation frequency and Reynolds number, increasing or decreasing compared to steady flow values. Higher deviations occurred at higher Reynolds numbers. The heat transfer results were consistent with previous investigations using turbulent bursting models.
This document summarizes an experimental study on heat transfer augmentation from surfaces with dimples. Six steel plates with varying dimple densities and arrangements were tested to analyze heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics. Temperature and pressure measurements were taken under varying air flow rates and heat inputs. It was found that heat transfer, as indicated by Nusselt number, increased with increasing dimple density. Staggered dimple arrangements provided greater enhancement than inline arrangements. Mathematical equations are presented for calculating key parameters like heat transfer coefficient, Reynolds number, and friction factor. Results are discussed and heat transfer is seen to increase with Reynolds number for all plates, with the 50 dimple plate performing best.
Heat Transfer Enhancement using Herringbone wavy & Smooth Wavy fin Heat Excha...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on heat transfer enhancement using herringbone wavy and smooth wavy fin heat exchangers for hydraulic oil cooling. Two fin configurations - smooth wavy fin and herringbone wavy fin - are experimentally investigated. The performance of two heat exchangers, one with each fin type, are analyzed by passing hot oil through them and studying the cooling effect. Test results show that the smooth wavy fins provide more efficient cooling of hot oil compared to the herringbone fin heat exchanger. Tables of observations recorded during experiments on both heat exchangers are presented.
Parametric Studies On Heat Transfer by Natural Convection from Inclined Cylin...IRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of parametric studies on heat transfer by natural convection from an inclined cylinder placed in a vertical channel. The parameters varied include heat input, aspect ratio (ratio of cylinder length to channel spacing), and cylinder elevation. The goal is to determine heat transfer characteristics and temperature distribution to develop correlations for design purposes. Previous studies investigated natural convection from inclined cylinders and cylinders in vertical channels. Results showed heat transfer increases with inclination angle and decreases with channel convergence.
IRJET- Design the Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger with the Help of Programming ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of a shell and tube heat exchanger using MATLAB software. It begins with an abstract that outlines how heat exchangers transfer heat between fluids and research into increasing heat exchanger effectiveness. It then provides background on heat exchangers and discusses prior research on improving shell and tube heat exchanger design, notably methods developed by Kern, Tinker, Bell, Saunders, Taborek, Wills and Johnston, and others. The document indicates that while hand calculations were used historically, computer programs are now widely employed for heat exchanger design.
Experimental Investigation of a Dimpled Plate by Natural Convection Heat Tran...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes previous research on using dimpled surfaces to enhance heat transfer via natural convection. It begins by defining natural convection and explaining how dimpled surfaces promote turbulence and vortex formation, augmenting heat transfer. The document then reviews several studies that experimentally investigated heat transfer over dimpled plates and tubes. Most found that heat transfer increased with dimple density, depth, and Reynolds number. The objectives of the proposed new study are to analyze heat transfer from vertically heated dimpled plates with variations in dimple shape, size, and arrangement. It is hypothesized that dimpled plates will enhance thermal performance over smooth plates through increased surface area and reduced flow separation.
Effect of Wavy (Corrugated) Twisted Tape Inserts on Heat Transfer in a double...ijiert bestjournal
This document summarizes an experimental study on heat transfer in a double pipe heat exchanger with the use of wavy twisted tape inserts in the inner tube. Various wavy twisted tapes with different twist ratios were inserted into the inner copper tube to enhance turbulence and heat transfer. Temperature and pressure measurements were taken at varying flow rates and Reynolds numbers. The results showed that heat transfer, as measured by Nusselt number, increased with decreasing twist ratio of the insert. The wavy twisted tape with a twist ratio of 7.1 produced the highest 172% increase in Nusselt number but also the highest 32.11% increase in friction factor compared to the smooth tube. Correlations were developed for Nusselt number
IRJET- Jet Impingement Heat Transfer – A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews research on jet impingement heat transfer. Jet impingement involves directing a jet of fluid at a surface and is an effective method for transferring heat. It has various industrial applications like cooling electronics and turbine blades. The review examines factors that influence heat transfer like jet geometry, cross flow effects, and frequency. It summarizes studies on single and multiple jet impingement, and the effects of parameters like Reynolds number. Conjugate heat transfer involving solid-fluid interaction is also discussed. The review provides an overview of research conducted on jet impingement heat transfer.
HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT BY USING NANOFLUID JET IMPINGEMENTijiert bestjournal
This document presents an experimental study on heat transfer enhancement using nanofluid jet impingement. Key findings include:
1) The use of nanofluids (Al2O3-water) can increase heat transfer coefficients by up to 44% compared to using water alone.
2) Heat transfer coefficients are highest near the stagnation point and decrease further from the center.
3) Varying the nozzle-to-plate distance (Z/D ratio) between 2-8 results in maximum heat transfer, with little effect beyond Z/D of 12.
4) Increasing the flow rate leads to higher heat transfer coefficients, up to a 5% increase from 2 lpm to 4 lpm.
IRJET- Effect of Wavy Tube on Heat Transfer in a Concentric Tube Heat Exch...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on using a wavy inner tube in a concentric tube heat exchanger to enhance heat transfer. It first discusses different heat transfer augmentation techniques, including active, passive and compound methods. It then reviews several previous studies that experimentally and numerically examined heat transfer performance of wavy tube heat exchangers. These studies found that a wavy inner tube could increase heat transfer by over 100% compared to a plain tube by generating swirl flow and turbulence. The document also reviews research on other passive techniques like wire coil inserts and their effects on heat transfer and pressure drop. Overall, the review shows that wavy tube and other passive inserts can significantly enhance heat transfer in heat exchangers.
IRJET- Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Circular Pipe ...IRJET Journal
1. The document numerically investigates heat transfer enhancement in a circular pipe with various rib geometries, including flat, conical, and right angle ribs.
2. It uses computational fluid dynamics to model water flow through the pipe with Reynolds numbers from 5000 to 60000 and a constant heat flux of 50 W/cm2 applied to the pipe surface.
3. The results show that ribs on the inside of the pipe enhance turbulence in the flow and produce recirculation, disturbing the thermal boundary layer and increasing the rate of heat transfer through the pipe.
A REPORT ON HEAT TRANSFER OPTIMIZATION OFSHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER USING ...IRJET Journal
The document presents a study on optimizing heat transfer in a shell and tube heat exchanger using different fluids through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. A shell and tube heat exchanger model was created in CATIA software and CFD analysis was performed in Solidworks Flow Simulation. Water and two types of nanofluids (SiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles mixed with water) were analyzed as fluids flowing through the heat exchanger tubes at varying velocities from 0.2 m/s to 1 m/s. The results found that increasing fluid velocity improved heat transfer effectiveness and overall heat transfer while decreasing friction factor. Heat transfer performance was highest for the nanofluids compared to water alone.
Computational analysis for different characteristics of the circular microcha...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on computational analysis of flow characteristics in circular microchannels under low Reynolds number conditions. It discusses how a variable diameter design can improve flow rate and heat dissipation from electronic chips. The document reviews several past studies on microchannel flow and heat transfer. It is found that increasing the microchannel diameter increases heat dissipation rate, with a proposed design improving flow rate and heat removal for chip cooling.
This document summarizes research on heat transfer augmentation techniques in circular and non-circular tubes. Both active and passive methods are used, with passive methods not requiring external power. For circular tubes, research is reviewed on using displaced inserts like twisted tapes and wire coil inserts in laminar and turbulent flow. Heat transfer enhancement of up to 36% was achieved in laminar flow and up to 9.8 times in turbulent flow compared to plain tubes. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was also used to study flow and heat transfer with inserts. For non-circular tubes, heat transfer in ducts with triangular, rectangular, and trapezoidal cross-sections was investigated.
Computational Analysis of Turbulent flow heat transfer and pressure loss in D...IRJET Journal
This document discusses computational analysis of turbulent flow, heat transfer, and pressure loss in ducts or pipes with segmental baffles. Segmental baffles are implemented to enhance flow characteristics and thermal performance. Due to the baffles, significant turbulence is generated, increasing friction with the pipe and improving heat transfer but also leading to greater pressure drop. Finite element analysis is conducted using ANSYS Fluent to simulate turbulent flow over a range of Reynolds numbers in smooth and baffled pipes. Results are validated against published experimental and numerical data and show good agreement. Contour plots illustrate increased turbulence and velocity magnitude in baffled pipes compared to smooth pipes.
IRJET-Numerical Investigation of Heat Performance Enhancement for a Double-Pi...IRJET Journal
This document presents a numerical investigation of heat transfer enhancement in a double-pipe heat exchanger with continuous helical baffles in the annulus and either water or alumina nanofluid as the working fluid. The study varies baffle spacing, mass flow rate, and nanofluid concentration to analyze their effects on heat transfer rate, pressure drop, and thermal performance. Results show that adding helical baffles increases the fluid flow path and turbulence, enhancing heat transfer. Replacing water with nanofluid further improves heat transfer while also increasing pressure drop. Graphs comparing the different configurations are presented and agree with previous research findings. The goal is to optimize baffle design and nanofluid parameters to maximize heat transfer rate and performance for practical
Shell and Tube Type Heat Exchanger with Twisted Tape Insert in Shell Side by ...IRJET Journal
This document describes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of a shell and tube heat exchanger with a twisted tape insert in the shell side. Aluminum oxide nanoparticles are added to water to create an aluminum oxide-water nanofluid for use as the coolant in the shell side. The CFD model is developed and analyzed in ANSYS to evaluate the heat transfer performance at different flow rates of the hot and cold fluids. Results for heat flux, temperature distribution, pressure drop, heat transfer coefficient, and effectiveness are obtained and compared to investigate the impact of the twisted tape insert and nanofluid on the heat exchanger's thermal performance.
Numerical Analysis of the Effects of Baffle orientation and shape factor on P...IRJET Journal
This document numerically analyzes the effects of baffle orientation and shape factor on pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient in a tube heat exchanger. It discusses using baffles inside heat exchanger channels to create recirculation zones that disturb the fluid flow and enhance convective heat transfer. The study examines baffles installed at various angles and with different shapes in a rectangular channel using simulations. Results show that a baffle sloped at 30 degrees increases the Nusselt number by nearly 26% compared to a flat baffle. Orienting baffles in the flow direction and increasing the blocking factor also enhances heat transfer.
A Review on “Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement of Flow over the dimp...IRJET Journal
This document reviews investigations into using triangular dimple shapes on the internal surface of a divergent duct to enhance heat transfer. A divergent duct promotes fluid mixing and reduces pressure drop compared to a cylindrical pipe. The addition of triangular dimples, which act as an extended surface, can further increase heat transfer by 40-50% over a plain divergent duct. Previous studies have found triangular dimple shapes provide the highest heat transfer enhancement compared to other surface shapes like cylinders or fins. The enhanced mixing in a divergent duct with internal triangular dimples can improve heat transfer for applications in industries like food processing and chemicals.
Effect of Wavy Tube on Heat Transfer in a Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger: A R...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on using a wavy inner tube in a concentric tube heat exchanger to enhance heat transfer. Several studies have found that a wavy inner tube can increase the Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermal performance factor compared to a plain inner tube. Computational fluid dynamics simulations have also validated that wavy fins and tubes promote longitudinal vortices that augment heat transfer, while transverse vortices have a negative effect. Overall, experiments and models show that a wavy inner tube can enhance heat transfer in a concentric tube heat exchanger by over 100% in some cases.
Effect of nanofluid on heat transfer characteristics of double pipe heat exch...eSAT Journals
Abstract A nanofluid is a mixture of nano sized particles of size up to 100 nm and a base fluid. Typical nanoparticles are made of metals, oxides or carbides, while base fluids may be water, ethylene glycol or oil. The effect of nanofluid to enhance the heat transfer rate in various heat exchangers is experimentally evaluated recently. The heat transfer enhancement using nanofluid mainly depends on type of nanoparticles, size of nanoparticles and concentration of nanoparticles in base fluid. In the present paper, an experimental investigation is carried out to determine the effect of various concentration of Al2O3 nano-dispersion mixed in water as base fluid on heat transfer characteristics of double pipe heat exchanger for parallel flow and counter flow arrangement. The volume concentrations of Al2O3 nanofluid prepared are 0.001 % to 0.01 %. The conclusion derived for the study is that overall heat transfer coefficient increases with increase in volume concentration of Al2O3 nano-dispersion compared to water up to volume concentration of 0.008 % and then decreases. Keywords: Nanofluid, Heat Transfer Characteristics, Double Pipe Heat Exchagner, Al2O3 Nano-dispersion
Helically Coiled Tube with Different Geometry and Curvature Ratio on Convecti...AM Publications
A helically coil-tube heat exchanger is generally applied in industry applications due to its compact structure, larger heat transfer area and higher heat transfer capability. Several studies from literature have also indicated that heat transfer rate in helically coiled tube are superior to straight tube due to complex flow pattern exist inside helical pipe. The concept behind compact heat exchanger is to decrease size and increase heat load which is the typical feature of modern helical tube heat exchanger. While the heat transfer characteristics of helical coil heat exchangers are available in the literature, This paper elaborates a brief review on different curvature ratio and geometry of tubes in heat transfer through heat exchangers.
HEAT TRANSFER AUGMENTATION IN A PLATE-FIN HEAT EXCHANGER: A REVIEWIAEME Publication
The improvement of the performance of heat exchangers with gas as the working fluid becomes particularly important due to the high thermal resistance offered by gases in general. In order to compensate for the poor heat transfer properties of gases, the surface area density of plate heat exchangers can be increased by making use of the secondary fins such as, off-set fins, triangular fins, wavy fins, louvered fins etc. In addition, a promising technique for the enhancement of heat transfer is the use of longitudinal vortex generators. The longitudinal vortices are produced due to the pressure difference generated between the front and back surface of the vortex generator.
Irjet v4 i12326Effect of External Threaded Inside Tube on Heat Transfer Rate ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of an internal threaded tube in a concentric tube heat exchanger to enhance heat transfer rates. It discusses how passive heat transfer augmentation techniques like threaded tubes can increase turbulence and disrupt boundary layers to improve heat transfer efficiency. The review analyzes previous studies that experimentally compared heat transfer performance and pressure drop between plain and threaded inner tubes. Results indicated that threaded tubes increased heat transfer coefficients and Reynolds numbers while potentially reducing fouling compared to plain tubes. Further experimentation and CFD simulation were proposed to validate theoretical predictions and determine the threaded tube design's feasibility for applications like radiators and air conditioners.
Mixed Convection Flow and Heat Transfer in a Two Sided Lid Driven Cavity Usin...IRJET Journal
This document discusses mixed convection flow and heat transfer in a two-sided lid driven cavity. It provides an abstract that summarizes studying this problem using the SIMPLE algorithm on a staggered grid. The introduction then reviews previous related work on fluid flow in lid driven cavities and two-sided cavities. The document provides an extensive literature review of over 20 previous studies on topics like mixed convection, nanofluids, porous media, and governing parameters like Reynolds and Richardson numbers. It indicates that while the SIMPLE algorithm has been used to study lid driven cavities, it has not been applied specifically to the problem of mixed convection in a two-sided lid driven cavity, which is the aim of the present study.
Comparative Analysis Fully Developed Turbulent Flow in Various Arbitrary Cros...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of fully developed turbulent flow in circular, triangular, and rectangular cross-section pipes using the finite volume method. The study examines the flow of water at high Reynolds numbers using the k-ε turbulence model. Contour plots show that triangular duct has the highest dynamic pressure at the outlet, while rectangular duct has higher dynamic pressure than circular duct at the center and outlet. Turbulent intensity graphs indicate intensity increases more significantly after certain distances in circular and triangular ducts, but continuously increases along the rectangular duct length due to less variation in boundary layer and viscous sublayer.
Enhancement of Heat Transfer Rate using Helix Tube and Friction FactorIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses heat transfer enhancement techniques, focusing on helical tubes. Rough surfaces, pulsating flows, and swirl flows can increase heat transfer, but also increase friction losses.
2) Helical tubes can significantly increase heat transfer rates compared to straight tubes due to secondary flows induced by centrifugal forces from the curvature. This allows for higher heat transfer with less surface area.
3) Key parameters that determine heat transfer rates are the Reynolds number, Nusselt number, Prandtl number, and friction factor. Correlations are presented relating these numbers for both straight and helical tubes. The helical tube equations account for an increased heat transfer coefficient due to secondary flows.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER FROM CIRCULAR CYL...IAEME Publication
In the present work, the enhancement of natural convection heat transfer utilizing nanofluids as working fluid from horizontal circular cylinder situated in a square enclosure is investigated numerically. The type of the nanofluid is the water-based copper Cu. A model is developed to analyze heat transfer performance of nanofluids inside an enclosure taking into account the solid particle dispersionrs on the flow and heat transfer characteristics. The study uses different Raylieh
numbers (104 , 105 , and 106 ), different enclosure width to cylinder diameter ratios W/D (1.667, 2.5 and 5) and volume fraction of nanoparticles between 0 to 0.2. The work included the solution of the governing equations in the vorticity-stream function formulation which were transformed into body fitted coordinate system
IRJET- Double Pipe Heat Exchanger with Spiral FlowIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on heat exchangers with parallel and counter flow configurations. It discusses how performance varies based on fluid properties and operating conditions. The document also outlines the experimental setup and procedure used to study a double pipe heat exchanger with a spiral inner tube. Tests were conducted with both parallel and counter flow arrangements to compare performance under different flow rates and inlet temperatures. Key findings from previous research on factors affecting heat transfer coefficients and effectiveness are also summarized.
3 ijaems jun-2015-17-comparative pressure drop in laminar and turbulent flowsINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This document summarizes a study that uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze pressure drop in laminar and turbulent flows through circular pipes with and without baffles. The study uses ANSYS Fluent software to simulate flow at Reynolds numbers from 10 to 10,000. Results are validated against published experimental and analytical data and show good agreement. Pressure drop, friction factor, and turbulence intensity are computed and compared for smooth and baffled pipe configurations. The results provide insight into how baffles influence hydrodynamic performance by increasing turbulence and pressure drop within the pipe.
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TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
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Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Distillation basic knowledge is given in this PPT for the vapour liquid equilibrium in which we can understand the basic knowledge for the separation of the two miscible liquid which is being separation by the vapour temperature is it separated by the more related to this again the structure of structure
I am Dr. T.D. Shashikala, an Associate Professor in the Electronics and Communication Engineering Department at University BDT College of Engineering, Davanagere, Karnataka. I have been teaching here since 1997. I prepared this manual for the VTU MTech course in Digital Communication and Networking, focusing on the Advanced Digital Signal Processing Lab (22LDN12). Based on, 1.Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms, and Applications by John G. Proakis and Dimitris G. Manolakis, Discrete-Time Signal Processing by Alan V. Oppenheim and Ronald W. Schafer, 3.Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Guide for Engineers and Scientists" by Steven W. Smith. 4.Understanding Digital Signal Processing by Richard G. Lyons. 5.Wavelet Transforms and Time-Frequency Signal Analysis" by Lokenath Debnath . 6. MathWorks (MATLAB) - MATLAB Documentation
Hate speech detection using machine learningrakeshrocking3
Hate speech detection involves the application of natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning techniques to identify and categorize text that contains harmful, offensive, or discriminatory language targeted towards individuals or groups based on attributes like race, religion, ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation. The goal is to automate the process of identifying such content to prevent its spread and mitigate its negative impact.
Slides from my talk at MinneAnalytics 2024 - June 7, 2024
https://datatech2024.sched.com/event/1eO0m/time-state-analytics-a-new-paradigm
Across many domains, we see a growing need for complex analytics to track precise metrics at Internet scale to detect issues, identify mitigations, and analyze patterns. Think about delays in airlines (Logistics), food delivery tracking (Apps), detect fraudulent transactions (Fintech), flagging computers for intrusion (Cybersecurity), device health (IoT), and many more.
For instance, at Conviva, our customers want to analyze the buffering that users on some types of devices suffer, when using a specific CDN.
We refer to such problems as Multidimensional Time-State Analytics. Time-State here refers to the stateful context-sensitive analysis over event streams needed to capture metrics of interest, in contrast to simple aggregations. Multidimensional refers to the need to run ad hoc queries to drill down into subpopulations of interest. Furthermore, we need both real-time streaming and offline retrospective analysis capabilities.
In this talk, we will share our experiences to explain why state-of-art systems offer poor abstractions to tackle such workloads and why they suffer from poor cost-performance tradeoffs and significant complexity.
We will also describe Conviva’s architectural and algorithmic efforts to tackle these challenges. We present early evidence on how raising the level of abstraction can reduce developer effort, bugs, and cloud costs by (up to) an order of magnitude, and offer a unified framework to support both streaming and retrospective analysis. We will also discuss how our ideas can be plugged into existing pipelines and how our new ``visual'' abstraction can democratize analytics across many domains and to non-programmers.
1. DEE 1203 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DRAWING.pdfAsiimweJulius2
This lecture will equip students with basic electrical engineering knowledge on various types of electrical and electronics drawings, different types of drawing papers, different ways of producing a good drawing and the importance of electrical engineering drawing to both engineers and the users.
By the end of this lecture, students will be to differentiate between different electrical diagrams like, block diagrams, schematic diagrams, circuit diagrams among others.