check basin , furrow and border strip method

DESIGN ASPECTS IN
BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION,
CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION &
FURROW IRRIGATION METHOD
PREPARED BY - TILVA RAJ
KOYANI UMANG
JADEJA DEVRATSINH

DODIYA RAVI
CHAROLA ANAND

BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION
 WHAT IT IS ?
 Borders are long,
uniformly graded strips of
land , seperated by earth
bunds.

 WHAT IT IS ?
 In contrast to basin irrigation these bunds are not to contain the
water for ponding but to guide it as it flows down the field.
 In contrast to furrows these bunds are prevents lateral movement

of water within the bunds where as furrows are provided for lateral
percolation of the water in the sub soil directly.

WHEN it USED ?
Larger merchanized farms
Where machines operations are involved in agriculture
Less suited to small scale farms involving hand labour or animal
powered cultivation methods.
Uniform slope(min. 0.05% and max. 2% slope)
Deep homogenous loam or clay of medium infiltration rate.
For close growing crops

DESIGN ASPECTS
Border layout
The dimensions and shape of borders are influenced by the
soil type,
stream size,
slope,
irrigation depth and
other factors such as farming practices and field or
farm size.

IRRIGATING BORDERS
BORDERS ARE IRRIGATED BY DIVERTING A STREAM OF WATER
FROM THE CHANNEL TO THE UPPER END OF THE BORDER.

ON CLAY SOILS(INFLOW STOPPED AT 60% OF THE BORDER)
ON LOAMY SOILS(IT IS AT 70% - 80% OF BORDER)
ON SANDY SOILS(ENTIRE BORDER COVERED)

INFILTRATION RATE & STREAM SIZE(BORDER SIZE)
STREAM SIZE TOO SMALL

INFILTRATION RATE & STREAM SIZE(BORDER SIZE)
STREAM SIZE TOO LARGE

CROSS-SLOPE OF BORDER
if the land is not properly graded
and there is a cross-slope,the
irrigation water will not spread
evenly over the field.
it will flow down the slope always
seeking the lowest side of the
border.(as shown in fig.)

MAINTENANCE OF BORDERS
BORDERS ARE KEPT FREE FROM WEEDS.

 UNIFORMLY SLOPED BORDERS
FREQUENT BUND REPAIRATION

CHANNEL AND DRAINS ARE TO BE WEEDED REGULARLY

CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
WHAT IT IS ?
Check basins are
rectangular or square
small plots surrounded by
levees or checks.

WHEN It USED ?
Crops roots which required submergence in water for periods
longer than 24 hours.

i.e.Potatoes,beet,carrots,rise,citrus,banana,clover, tobacco.
The flatter the land surface,the easy to construct basins.

It is also possible to construct basins on sloping land,even when
the slope is quite steep.

DESIGN ASPECTS
BASIN LAYOUT
Basin layout not only refers to the shape and size of the basins
but also to the shape and size of the bunds.
♠ What is the shape of the basin : Square,rectangular or irregular ?
♠ How high should be the bund be : 10,50 or 100cm?
♠ What is the shape of bund?

SHAPE AND SIZE OF BASINS
♠ BASIN WIDTH
Main limitation of basin width is land
slope.
(Steep slope then narrow basins)
Factors affect basin width
1)depth of fertile soil
2)method of basin construction
3)agricultural practices

♠ BASIN SIZE
Main limitation of basin width is land slope.
(Steep slope then narrow basins)
Factors affect basin SIZE
1)soil type
2)available water flow to the basin
3)land slope

WHAT IS BUNDS ?
Bunds are earth embankments which contain irrigation water
within basins.
They are sometimes called ridges,dykes,or levees.

The height is governed by
1) irrigation depth
2) free board

TEMPORARY BUND

 PERMANENT BUND

BASIN CONSTRUCTION

1) SETTING OUT OF THE
MARKERS


2) MARKING A
CONTOUR LINE

3) MAKING THE BUNDS BY
WOODEN FRAME &
SMOOTHING THE LAND

IRRIGATING BASINS
1) DIRECT METHOD

IRRIGATING BASINS
2) CASCADE METHOD

MAINTENANCE OF BASINS
 Erosion control is made which may be caused by
rainfall,flooding or the passing of people when used as footpaths
Rats may dig holes in the sides of the bunds.
Levelling of basins also required at regular time.

FURROW IRRIGATION
 WHAT IT IS ?
 Furrows are small,parallel
channels,made to carry
water in order to irrigate
the crop.
 The crop is usually grown
on the ridges between the
furrows.

FURROW IRRIGATION
 WHEN IT USED ?
 Furrow irrigation is suitable for many crops,especially row crops.
 Crops that would be damaged if their stems or crown should be
irrigated by furrows.
 I.E. Maize,sunflower,sugarcane,soybean,tomatoes,wheat,
Vegetables,potatoes,citrus,grapes
 Land slope does not exceed 0.5%.

FURROW IRRIGATION
DESIGN ASPECTS
 FURROW LAYOUT
♠ FURROW LENGTH
( CLAY: 300 TO 400 m
SAND: 60 to 300 m )
1) SLOPE
2) SOIL TYPE

3) STREAM SIZE
4) IRRIGATION DEPTH
5) FIELD LENGTH

FURROW IRRIGATION
 FURROW LENGTH

FURROW IRRIGATION
DESIGN ASPECTS
♠ FURROW SHAPE
STABLE







Shape is either
u-shaped,
V-shaped,
Parabolic shaped or
Trapezoidal shaped

FURROW IRRIGATION
DESIGN ASPECTS
♠ FURROW SHAPE

 LATERAL INFILTRATION IS HIGH

FURROW IRRIGATION
DESIGN ASPECTS
♠ FURROW SIZE
 For low permeability of soils
wide and shallow furrow is preferred.
 For highly permeable soils
narrow and deep furrows is provided.
 Furrows of 75mm to 125 mm depth are provided for ROW
crops.

FURROW IRRIGATION
DESIGN ASPECTS
 FURROW LAYOUT
♠ FURROW SPACING
1) SOIL TYPE



SANDY (30-60 cm,
30 cm for coarse and
60 cm for sand)



CLAY

(75-150 cm)

 Normally 1 m-2 m is provided

FURROW IRRIGATION
 FURROW CONSTRUCTION

FURROW IRRIGATION
 WETTING PATTERNS

FURROW IRRIGATION
 IDEAL WETTING PATTERN

FURROW IRRIGATION
 SPACING OF FURROWS

FURROW IRRIGATION
 STREAM SIZE
 1) STREAM SIZE TOO SMALL

FURROW IRRIGATION
 STREAM SIZE
 1) STREAM SIZE TOO LARGE

FURROW IRRIGATION
 PLANTING TECHNIQUES

FURROW IRRIGATION
MAINTENANCE OF furrows
 water should be reach the d/s end of all furrows is regularly
checked.
There should be no dry places or spots where water stays
ponding.
Overtopping of ridges should not occur.
Field channels and drains should be kept free from weeds.

check basin , furrow and border strip method

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check basin , furrow and border strip method