This document discusses realism, idealism, and Islamic philosophy of education. It provides an overview of the key principles of each perspective, including their views on the aims of education, curriculum, teaching methods, roles of teachers and learners, and the contribution of philosophy to education. Realism believes that objects exist independently of the mind and knowledge comes from the senses. Idealism holds that reality is constructed by the mind and consists of ideas. Islamic philosophy aims to guide students to live virtuous, just, and peaceful lives in accordance with Allah's commands through an education based on the Quran and hadith.
2. Realism, Idealism & Islamic Philosophy:
Principle of Education
Aims of Education
Curriculum
Teacher
Method of Teaching
School
Content
3. Realism Vs Idealism
Realism
Established by Aristotle
Claims
Objects outside mind have existence
Objects outside mind are independent
Items exist regardless of human perception and
their existence does not depend on human
perception
Physical World alone is Objective
Knowledge acquired through senses only is
real
Universe is independent of ideas
Things exist whether or not the human mind
perceives them.
Idealism
• First established by Plato
• Matter doesn’t exist
• External world-Construction of mind
• Reality consists exclusively of “ideas”
• Reality is due to the sensory abilities of
the human mind and not because reality
exists in itself
• Rejects the idea that objects are
independent of our minds.
4. Established by Aristotle
Claims
Objects outside mind have existence
Objects outside mind are independent
Items exist regardless of human perception and their existence
does not depend on human perception
Physical World alone is Objective
Knowledge acquired through senses only is real
Universe is independent of ideas
Things exist whether or not the human mind perceives them.
REALISM
5. Education is based on science only.
Emphasizes on behavior and experiment.
Child and his present life are the centers of education.
It opposes book learning
Both the individual and the society are valued.
It is liable to change according to a change in life.
Principles of Education
6. Preparing the child for a real life.
Developing the physical and mental powers of child.
Preparing the child for a happy life
Developing and training of senses.
Acquainting the child nature and social environment
Imparting vocational education
Aims of Education
7. Realistic curriculum is developed according to utility and needs
Subjects concerning day to day activities are included in curriculum
Main subjects of Realistic Curriculum are (National sciences,
Biological sciences, Physical sciences, Health culture, Physical
exercises, Math Geography, History, Astronomy, Sports etc.
Curriculum should be scientifically approached, standardized, and
distinct discipline based
Character is developed through training in the rules of conducts.
Curriculum
8. Realists emphasize scientific and object method of
teaching,
Realists emphasize the self-experience and research
experimental method, Heuristic method and
correlation method.
Teaching methods focus on mastery of facts and basic
skills through demonstration and reitation.
Methods of Teaching
9. Teacher’s role is supreme because he brings the child in
touch with the external realities of life
Keeping aside his own views, the teacher imparts
scientific knowledge to the child in an easy and effective
way.
Teacher
10. According to Realism, school is a socially well-planned
institution
It is mirror of Society.
School
11. • First established by Plato
• Matter doesn’t exist
• External world-Construction of mind
• Reality consists exclusively of “ideas”
• Reality is due to the sensory abilities of the human
mind and not because reality exists in itself
• Rejects the idea that objects are independent of our
minds.
Idealism
12. Education is based on spiritualism.
It emphasizes mental capacities
Teacher and curriculum are the centers of education
Both individual and society are valued.
It is a definite and specific ideology.
Principles of Education
13. Self-realization or exaltation of personality
Spiritual development
Realization of truth, beauty and goodness
Conservation promotion and transmission of cultural
heritage.
Aims of Education
14. Idealistic curriculum is developed according to ideals
and eternal vales
Humanistic subjects are emphasized
Intellectual- Language, Literature, History, Geography,
Mathematics and Science
Aesthetic-Art and Poetry
Moral- Religion and Ethics
Curriculum
15. Idealistic have not adopted any specific and definite method of
teaching
They advocate many methods.
Idealists Prescribe the following methods of teaching
Question-answer
Conversation
Dialogue
Lecture
Argumentation
Intersection
Book study
Methods of Teaching
16. Supreme and important place of teacher.
The teacher as a gardener knows best as to how to care and
develop a child like a plant.
Teacher
17. According to idealism school is the only place for
regular and effective education
School is an ideal of pleasing and joyful activities for
children.
School
19. Relationship between man and universe -> harmony not
conflict.
Guides to happy life committed to virtue, purity, justice,
and peace.
Leads to obeying Allah’s commands
Other pillars of faith depends on pure monotheism
Islamic Philosophy in Education
20. Rational Philosophy
Ikhwan Alsafa :
Focus on the individual development and
rationality
A group of teachers in the forth Hijri century in
Al- Basra, who created a group" Lovers of
Philosophy” , who published numerous
messages about social and political reform.
Three Perspectives in Islamic Philosophy
21. Conservative Religious
Al-Gazzali: more religious explanation of education
Pragmatic
Ibn Khaldoun:
Use of knowledge to build the Islamic nation
23. The ultimate goal for creating mankind:
To know and worship Allah
” “ُجبْالل ونُتُبْْقعَلْعَخ ْاعَمْعَنو”ْاللعَنو ل َّن”َسَسنْعإ”ل ل َّال”ونوننُدُونبُبْعْعَي”
Prepare Muslim youths in a balanced
way (life and after-life)
Develop goodness, piety, fear of Allah in the individual,
tolerance, brotherhood, love, rightness, ability of self-
expression and shouldering responsibility, opportunity to the
individual to live an ideal, pure and happy life.
Purposes of Education
24. Curriculum: based on Holy Quran
and Sunna
Religious and intellectual
Islamic education deals with all field
of knowledge.
Curriculum
25. Dialogue, induction, déduction,personal
expérience, intuition,discussion, note-
taking, and analogy
Ethics: Islamic ethics in curriculum,
morals, teaching and managing the
classroom.
Practical application of knowledge
Teaching Methods
26. Teachers: inheritors of prophets' knowledge ” “النببياء ورثة العلماء
Teachers’ morals= affect students’ behaviors
Al-Gazzali: teachers should display strong commitment to Islamic
ethics and values.
Teachers’ motivation and ethics
More responsibilities; honest; loyalty for the job=Allah
Deal better with students; humility, brotherhood; shouldering the
responsibility
Teach students to use reasoning= everything is created for a
reason= reflect on the universe; evidence
Role of the Teacher
27. Students: seekers of knowledge &
obligated to learn
Al-Gazzali: Learner should display
total commitment to learning
Role of the Learner
28. Mother of all Education
Provide base for education
Introduced Progressive education
Involves cultural History
It give direction to education
Innovate new ways
It is evolutionary Process
It forms methods and framework of education
Contribution of philosophy in
Education