ITSE_10(UML,OO).pptx
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The document provides an introduction to Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses what UML is, the history and versions of UML, and why UML is used. It also describes the different types of UML diagrams that will be covered, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, activity diagrams, sequence diagrams, and state diagrams. Finally, it discusses key object-oriented concepts like abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and how they relate to UML modeling.
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ITSE_10(UML,OO).pptx
- 1. Introduction to UML Presented By: Arta Iftikhar
- 2. Agenda UML Modeling 2022 2 Part 1 • What is UML & Why is it necessary? • How to use UML diagrams to design software system? • Types of UML Diagrams • Understanding Object-Orientation
- 3. Acknowledgements Material for the Lectures are derived from a variety of sources, including: • Joseph, Schmuller. "Sams Teach Yourself UML in 24 Hours." • Object-Oriented and Classical Software Engineering, Sixth Edition, WCB/McGraw-Hill, 2005 Stephen R. Schach • UML resource page http://www.uml.org/ Presentation title 20XX 3
- 4. Introduction Presentation title What is UML? • UML stands for “Unified Modeling Language” • One of the most interesting and practical tools in the field of system development • Simplifies the complex process of software design 2022 4 Business Process Places Order Item Ships the Item A picture is worth a thousand words! via Fulfill Order Customer Sales Representative
- 5. Continued… Presentation title 2022 5 What is UML? • It is an industry-standard graphical language for specifying, visualizing, producing, and documenting software system artifacts. • The UML use graphical notations to express Object-Oriented analysis and design of the project. • Enable system builders to create blueprints of the system that are easy to understand and provide a mechanism to communicate and share these visions with others
- 6. Why UML? Presentation title 2022 6 • Use graphical notation: more clearly than natural language (imprecise) and code (too detailed). • Help acquire an overall view of a system. • UML is not dependent on any one language or technology.
- 7. History Presentation title UML or Unified Modeling Language comes from Rumbaugh, Booch, and Jacobson (the three amigos) who combined efforts to standardize on one modeling language 20XX 7 Booch, Jacobson, Rumbaugh
- 8. Versions of UML UML Modeling 2022 8 1997 Developed in the mid-1990’s and standardized in 1997 (UML 1.1) June 2015 The current version of the Unified Modeling Language is UML 2.5, released in June 2015. 1997: UML 1.0, 1.1 1996: UML 0.9 & 0.91 1995: Unified Method 0.8 Other methods Booch ‘91 Booch ‘93 OMT - 2 OMT - 1 Year Version 2003: UML 2.0 2001: UML 1.4 1999: UML 1.3
- 9. HOW TO USE UML DIAGRAMS TO DESIGN SOFTWARE SYSTEM? 2022 UML MODELING 9 • The purpose of diagrams is to present multiple views of the system, called Model. • One of the most important things to keep in mind is that UML model describes what a system is supposed to do and doesn’t tell how to implement the system.
- 10. Types of UML Diagrams we’ll cover Use Case Diagram Class Diagram Activity Diagram Sequence Diagram State Diagram UML Modeling 2022 10
- 11. Presentation title 20XX 11
- 13. Understanding Object-Orientation The object-oriented (OO) paradigm is a development strategy based on the concept that systems should be built from a collection of reusable components called objects Object- An object is an instance of a class (category). • It has a structure. That is, it has attributes (Properties) and behavior. • An object’s behavior consist of operations it carries out. • These attributes and operations taken together are called Features. Presentation title 20XX 13
- 14. Understanding Object-Orientation In the world of object orientation, a class serves a purpose. A class is a template for making objects, sort of like a cookie cutter, that you use to stamp out cookies. Presentation title 20XX 14
- 15. Objects everywhere Presentation title 20XX 15
- 16. Examples of classes in a Student Records Management System Presentation title 20XX 16
- 17. Presentation title 20XX 17
- 18. Example Let’s take an example of Washing machine. Washing machine class has the attributes brandName, modelName, serialNumber and capacity, along with operations acceptClothes(), acceptDetergant(), turnOn(), and turnoff(). Presentation title 20XX 18 The washingMachine class is a template for creating new instances of washing machines.
- 19. Object Oriented Concepts • abstraction • inheritance • polymorphism • encapsulation • message sending • association • aggregation UML Modeling 2022 19
- 20. Abstraction • Abstraction is the concept of object-oriented programming that means to filter out an object attributes and operations until just the ones you need are left. • Different types of problem require different amounts of information, even if these problems are in the same general area. • Example UML Modeling 2022 20
- 22. Inheritance • Inheritance is the procedure in which one class inherits the attributes and methods of another class. • The class whose properties and methods are inherited is known as the Parent class. • And the class that inherits the properties from the parent class is the Child class. • Appliance, for example is subclass of houseHoldItems Class. Furniture is another subclass of this Class. As shown in diagram. UML Modeling 2022 22
- 24. Polymorphism • In Polymorphism, An object basically can take multiple forms in different instances. • For example, you can open a door, you can open a window, or you can open a newspaper, bank account, or a conversation. In each case, you are performing a different operation. This is called polymorphism. UML Modeling 2022 24
- 25. Encapsulation • Encapsulation is an Object-Oriented Programming concept that binds together the data and functions that manipulate the data, and that keeps both safe from outside interference and misuse. Data encapsulation led to the important OOP concept of data hiding. • Encapsulation tells us that we should know just an interface of class to be able to use it. We don't have to know anything about internals of class to be able to use it. UML Modeling 2022 25
- 26. • It “shows” only essential attributes and “hides” unnecessary information. The main purpose of encapsulation is hiding the unnecessary details from the users. • For example, when we are driving a car, we are only concerned about driving the car like start/stop the car, accelerate/ break, etc. We are not concerned about how the actual start/stop mechanism or accelerate/brake process works internally. We are just not interested in those details. Presentation title 20XX 26
- 28. Message Sending & Association • In a system, Objects work together. They do this by sending messages to each other. • One object sends a message- a request to perform operation to another object, and receiving object perform the operation. • For example, when you turn on TV, the remote-object sends message to the tv-object to turn itself on. • And in object-oriented terms, you are in association with your TV. • A class can associate with more than one other class. For example, a person can ride in a car, or a person can also ride in a bus. UML Modeling 2022 28 Figure: Association
- 29. Aggregation • An aggregate object is one which contains other objects. • For example, an Airplane class would contain Engine, Wing, Tail, Crew objects. Sometimes the class aggregation corresponds to physical containment in the model (like the airplane). But sometimes it is more abstract (e.g., Club and Members). UML Modeling 2022 29 Figure: Association
- 32. Working with Object Orientation The structure, or building blocks, of object-oriented programming include the following: • Classes are user-defined data types that act as the blueprint for individual objects, attributes and methods. • Objects are instances of a class created with specifically defined data. Objects can correspond to real-world objects or an abstract entity. • Methods are functions that are defined inside a class that describe the behaviors of an object. • Attributes are defined in the class template and represent the state of an object. Objects will have data stored in the attributes field. UML Modeling 2022 32
- 33. Class Diagram- Structural Class diagrams are used when developing an object-oriented system model to show the classes in a system and the associations between these classes. An object class can be thought of as a general definition of one kind of system object. An association is a link between classes that indicates that there is some relationship between these classes. When you are developing models during the early stages of the software engineering process, objects represent something in the real world, such as a patient, a prescription, doctor, etc. Presentation title 20XX 33
- 34. Visualizing a Class • Class name • Attributes • Operations • Responsibilities • Constraints • Notes • objects Presentation title 20XX 34
- 35. Class in MHC-PMS Presentation title 20XX 35
- 36. Classes-What they do and How to Find Them Presentation title 20XX 36
- 37. Presentation title 20XX 37
- 38. Presentation title 20XX 38
- 39. Sample Solution Presentation title 20XX 39
- 40. Presentation title 20XX 40
- 41. Object Diagram Presentation title 20XX 41
- 42. Stereotypes • Enable you to create new UML elements by basing them on existing elements. • Represent it as a name enclosed in two pairs of angle brackets called gullimets. • example Presentation title 20XX 42
- 43. Notes to UML elements • Add extra information Presentation title 20XX 43
- 45. Thank You
Editor's Notes
- You and I are instances of Person class
- Object orientation goes beyond just modeling attributes and behavior. It considers other aspects as well. The other important parts are
- Filter out object properties and operation until the ones you need are left
- If develop computer program (serial num not imp) If s/w to track transaction in a laundry then skip all just serial num
- Help client talk in own terms No need to make artificial words
- Coworker, friend
- An object that made up of combination of number of different types of objects
- As an implementation is developed, you usually need to define additional implementation objects that are used to provide the required system functionality.