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Java SE 8 - New Features

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Naveen Hegde

Java 8 includes new features such as lambda expressions for functional programming, streams API for bulk data operations, date and time API improvements, and miscellaneous enhancements. It also removes some deprecated features and improves performance.

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Java 8 - New Features NaveenHegde Apr 2014
Java Version History 2 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2011 Java SE 8 Spider 2014 First release developed under the Java Community Process Version 1.5 -> 5 To reflect level of Maturity, Stability J2SE -> Java SE Dropped .0
• Java 5 – Generics, Autoboxing – Enhanced For-Loop, VarArgs and more… Recap - Major Feature Additions in Java 3  Java 6 • Script Engine • New I/O • Jconsole, profiler & debug interface (JVMPI, JVMDI)  Java 7 • Strings in Switch, Catch Multiple-Exceptions • Try-with-Resource, Type Interface • JVM Support for Non-Java Languages
• Lambda Expressions • Streams Facility • Date-Time Library • permgen replaced by Metaspace • Type Annotations and Repeating Annotations • jdbc-odbc bridge removed • New utilities to improve Performance, Scalability Java SE 8 New Features at glance 4
• Treat functionality as method argument (code as data) • Avoid anonymous inner class which seem excessive & unclear • Cleaner way to implement Functional Interfaces • Used to create anonymous methods Lambda Expressions 5 Parameter(s) Body single expression or statement block Lambda Expression Syntax Sample Code for “Sorting persons array by Age” Java compiler determines Lambda Expr Type using new “Target Typing” mechanism
• In Swing, JavaFX, Often, event handler interfaces are functional interfaces • Lambda expressions can best replace anonymous classes created for keyboard actions, mouse actions etc Using Lambda Expression in GUI 6
• Creation of compact, easy-to-read lambda expressions • Use it with Lambda Expresions for – Encapsulate a single unit of behavior and pass it to other code – Create simple instance of a functional interface Method References 7 Method Reference Type Example to a static method Person::compareByAge to an instance method of a particular object myComparator::compareByName to a method of arbitrary type instance String::compareToIgnoreCase to a constructor HashSet::new
• Ability to add default implementation in interfaces • No impact on already existing implementations Default Interface Method 8  Extending Interfaces That Contain Default Methods • Not mention default method -> inherits the default • Redeclare the default method -> makes it abstract. • Redefine the default method -> overrides it Interface with all default methods is like an Adapter
• New package for filter/map/reduce transformations on streams • Includes many useful built in aggregate operations java.util.stream.* 9 int ave = Arrays.stream(personArr) .filter(b -> b.getGender() == Gender.MALE) .mapToDouble(Person::getSalary) .average() .getAsDouble(); ‘persons’ is a Collection<Person>  Generating Streams • Collection objects: via the stream() and parallelStream() methods • Array elements: via Arrays.stream(Object[]) • Lines of File : BufferedReader.lines() • Streams of random numbers : Random.ints()
• No storage – A stream is not a data structure that stores elements – it conveys elements from a source (Array,Collection,IO Channel etc) through a pipeline of computational operations – stream operation produces a result without modifing its source • Functional in nature – Enable Functional way of Working with Databases – Easy and elegant • Parallelism – Streams facilitate parallel execution by reframing the computation as a pipeline of aggregate operations • Consumable – The elements are visited only once during the life of a stream. – new stream must be generated to revisit the same elements Why use Streams? 10
• JavaSE 6 – Date – Calendar – DateFormat – TimeZone Date-Time Packages 11  Java 8 formatter=DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy MM dd"); String text = date.toString(formatter); LocalDate date = LocalDate.parse(text, formatter) ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(t1, t2)
• Motive – Solve the common scalability problem of “Maintaining a single count, sum, etc. that is updated by many threads” • How? – Internally employ contention-reduction techniques – Provides huge throughput improvements as compared to Atomic variables • Classes – DoubleAccumulator  One or more variables that together maintain a running double value updated using a supplied function. – DoubleAdder  One or more variables that together maintain an initially zero double sum. – LongAccumulator – LongAdder Scalable-Updatable variable support 12
• Streams & Lambda expression based new methods – forEach methods  forEach, forEachKey, forEachValue, and forEachEntry – search methods  search, searchKeys, searchValues, and searchEntries – reduction methods  reduce, reduceToDouble, reduceToLong … ConcurrentHashMap Enhancements 13 -> ConcurrentHashMaps (and classes built from them) are more useful as cache
• Interfaces – CompletionStage<T>: A stage of a possibly asynchronous computation • Classes – CompletableFuture<T>: A Future that may be explicitly completed  May be used as a CompletionStage,  Supports actions that trigger upon its completion – CountedCompleter<T>: A ForkJoinTask with a completion Action  Action is triggered when there are no remaining pending actions – ConcurrentHashMap.KeySetView<K,V>:  A view of ConcurrentHashMap as a Set of keys  Additions may optionally be enabled by mapping to a common value New Additions to java.util.concurrent 14
• Arrays.parallelSort() – Parallel merge-sort algorithm technique using ForkJoinPool • Bulk Data Operations for Collections • Base64 Encoding & Decoding support – New Classes  Base64, Base64.Decoder, Base64.Encoder – Eg Applications of use  Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)  encode passwords for HTTP headers Utils 15
• StampedLock – A capability-based lock with three modes for controlling access  1) Reading 2) Writing 3) Optimistic Reading – Lock acquisition methods return a stamp – Stamp represents and controls access with respect to a lock state – Designed for the development of thread-safe components – Not re-entrant • ForkJoinPool (since java7) – ExecutorService for running ForkJoinTasks – A static commonPool() is added to reduce resource usage  Default pool appropriate for most applications – ForkJoinPool differs from other kinds of ExecutorService  Mainly by virtue of employing work-stealing  All threads in the pool attempt to find and execute subtasks created by other tasks or external clients like management and monitoring operations Miscellaneous 16
• Repeating Annotations – provide the ability to apply the same annotation type more than once to the same declaration • Type Annotations – provide the ability to apply an annotation anywhere a type is used, not just on a declaration. – Used with a pluggable type system, – this feature enables improved type checking of your code Annotations 17
• Motive – Eliminate need for ‘MaxPermSize’ tuning (one of the reasons for OOM error) – Improve GC performance • Removal of PermGen – Most allocations for the class metadata is done out of native memory – Some miscellaneous data has been moved to the Java heap – klasses that were used to described class metadata have been removed – Metaspace is Non-contigeous to heap – A garbage collection may be induced to collect dead classloaders and classes. The first garbage collection will be induced when the class metadata usage reaches MaxMetaspaceSize PermGen replaced by Metaspace 18 Heap NewGen Survivor Space OldGen PermGen Heap NewGen Survivor Space OldGen Metaspace Native Mem PermGen=Region{ Class Metadata, Hierarchy info, Constant Pool, Bytecode …} No more “OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space”
• Defines subsets of JRE for devices that have limited storage capacity • Match Application Functional needs closely Compact Profiles 19 Security(E) JMX Instrumentation XML JAXP (E) JDBC RMI XML JAXP Core Networking IO Collections Scripting Regex JNDI Reflection Profile1 Profile2 CompactProfile3 FullSEAPI Swing Beans Sound Image I/O Java 2D CORBA JNI IDL Print Service AWT
• Lightweight, high-performance script engine • Implemented in Java by Oracle • Replaces Mozilla Rhino JavaScript interpreter – Rhino compiled all JavaScript code to bytecode in generated class files. – Compared to C implementation of Javascript run with JIT compilation, Rhino had better performance – Rhino had memory leak since most JVMs don’t clean unused classes • Nashorn – compiles scripts in memory and passes bytecode directly to JVM Nashorn Javascript Engine 20
• Enriched 3D Graphics features • New SwingNode class – SwingNode - enables embedding Swing content into JavaFX – ScheduledService - allows to automatically restart the service • Enhanced text support – Hindi and Thai controls – New Styles - bi-directional text, multi-line etc • Now Compatible with ARM platforms Java FX 21
• The JDBC-ODBC Bridge has been removed – Reason  The JDBC-ODBC Bridge had been non-supported product  Was provided with only selected JDKs and not included in JRE – Alternate recommendation  Use a JDBC driver provided by the database vendor  If it was in use to with MS Access DB or Excel spreadsheet etc, could be replaced by pure java DB like H2, Java DB etc. • JDBC 4.2 – Minor enhancements to JDBC to improve usability and portability • JDK 8 includes Java DB 10.10 – a version of the Apache Derby database (since Java 5) JDBC 22
• URLPermission Represents permission to access – a resource defined by url – for a given set of user-settable request methods and request headers • URLPermission(String url_name, String actions) – name of the permission is the url string  http://www.oracle.com/a/b/* – actions string is a concatenation of the request methods and headers  "POST,GET,DELETE“  "POST,GET:Header1,Header2“ • Examples of Path Matching – public boolean implies(Permission p) HTTP URL Permission 23 This’s path P’s path Matches /implies /a/b/* /a/b/c Yes /a/b/* /a/b/c/d No /a/b/- /a/b/c/d/e Yes
• KeyStore enhancements – new Domain KeyStore type java.security.DomainLoadStoreParameter – new command option - importpassword for the keytool utility • New variant of AccessController.doPrivileged – enables code to assert a subset of its privileges, without preventing the full traversal of the stack to check for other permissions • Support for – Stronger algorithms for password-based encryption – AEAD algorithms – SHA-224 Message Digests – rcache Types in Kerberos 5 Replay Caching Security 24
• Leverage CPU Instructions for AES Cryptography – Intel Westmere hardware (2010 or newer) has instruction set to support AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) – Syntax: -XX:+UseAES -XX:+UseAESIntrinsics • JMC 5.3 – JMC (Originally developed by JRockit) is an advanced set of tools that enabling efficient JVM monitoring & profiling – JMC is bundled with the HotSpot JVM starting from Java SE 7u40 HotSpot VM 25
• New Commands – Jjs – invoke Nashorn java script engine – Java – can launch JavaFX – Jdeps - analyze class files • Pack200 – Pack200 support for Constant Pool Entries and New Bytecodes Tools 26
Thank You END 27

More Related Content

Java SE 8 - New Features

  • 1. Java 8 - New Features NaveenHegde Apr 2014
  • 2. Java Version History 2 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2011 Java SE 8 Spider 2014 First release developed under the Java Community Process Version 1.5 -> 5 To reflect level of Maturity, Stability J2SE -> Java SE Dropped .0
  • 3. • Java 5 – Generics, Autoboxing – Enhanced For-Loop, VarArgs and more… Recap - Major Feature Additions in Java 3  Java 6 • Script Engine • New I/O • Jconsole, profiler & debug interface (JVMPI, JVMDI)  Java 7 • Strings in Switch, Catch Multiple-Exceptions • Try-with-Resource, Type Interface • JVM Support for Non-Java Languages
  • 4. • Lambda Expressions • Streams Facility • Date-Time Library • permgen replaced by Metaspace • Type Annotations and Repeating Annotations • jdbc-odbc bridge removed • New utilities to improve Performance, Scalability Java SE 8 New Features at glance 4
  • 5. • Treat functionality as method argument (code as data) • Avoid anonymous inner class which seem excessive & unclear • Cleaner way to implement Functional Interfaces • Used to create anonymous methods Lambda Expressions 5 Parameter(s) Body single expression or statement block Lambda Expression Syntax Sample Code for “Sorting persons array by Age” Java compiler determines Lambda Expr Type using new “Target Typing” mechanism
  • 6. • In Swing, JavaFX, Often, event handler interfaces are functional interfaces • Lambda expressions can best replace anonymous classes created for keyboard actions, mouse actions etc Using Lambda Expression in GUI 6
  • 7. • Creation of compact, easy-to-read lambda expressions • Use it with Lambda Expresions for – Encapsulate a single unit of behavior and pass it to other code – Create simple instance of a functional interface Method References 7 Method Reference Type Example to a static method Person::compareByAge to an instance method of a particular object myComparator::compareByName to a method of arbitrary type instance String::compareToIgnoreCase to a constructor HashSet::new
  • 8. • Ability to add default implementation in interfaces • No impact on already existing implementations Default Interface Method 8  Extending Interfaces That Contain Default Methods • Not mention default method -> inherits the default • Redeclare the default method -> makes it abstract. • Redefine the default method -> overrides it Interface with all default methods is like an Adapter
  • 9. • New package for filter/map/reduce transformations on streams • Includes many useful built in aggregate operations java.util.stream.* 9 int ave = Arrays.stream(personArr) .filter(b -> b.getGender() == Gender.MALE) .mapToDouble(Person::getSalary) .average() .getAsDouble(); ‘persons’ is a Collection<Person>  Generating Streams • Collection objects: via the stream() and parallelStream() methods • Array elements: via Arrays.stream(Object[]) • Lines of File : BufferedReader.lines() • Streams of random numbers : Random.ints()
  • 10. • No storage – A stream is not a data structure that stores elements – it conveys elements from a source (Array,Collection,IO Channel etc) through a pipeline of computational operations – stream operation produces a result without modifing its source • Functional in nature – Enable Functional way of Working with Databases – Easy and elegant • Parallelism – Streams facilitate parallel execution by reframing the computation as a pipeline of aggregate operations • Consumable – The elements are visited only once during the life of a stream. – new stream must be generated to revisit the same elements Why use Streams? 10
  • 11. • JavaSE 6 – Date – Calendar – DateFormat – TimeZone Date-Time Packages 11  Java 8 formatter=DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy MM dd"); String text = date.toString(formatter); LocalDate date = LocalDate.parse(text, formatter) ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(t1, t2)
  • 12. • Motive – Solve the common scalability problem of “Maintaining a single count, sum, etc. that is updated by many threads” • How? – Internally employ contention-reduction techniques – Provides huge throughput improvements as compared to Atomic variables • Classes – DoubleAccumulator  One or more variables that together maintain a running double value updated using a supplied function. – DoubleAdder  One or more variables that together maintain an initially zero double sum. – LongAccumulator – LongAdder Scalable-Updatable variable support 12
  • 13. • Streams & Lambda expression based new methods – forEach methods  forEach, forEachKey, forEachValue, and forEachEntry – search methods  search, searchKeys, searchValues, and searchEntries – reduction methods  reduce, reduceToDouble, reduceToLong … ConcurrentHashMap Enhancements 13 -> ConcurrentHashMaps (and classes built from them) are more useful as cache
  • 14. • Interfaces – CompletionStage<T>: A stage of a possibly asynchronous computation • Classes – CompletableFuture<T>: A Future that may be explicitly completed  May be used as a CompletionStage,  Supports actions that trigger upon its completion – CountedCompleter<T>: A ForkJoinTask with a completion Action  Action is triggered when there are no remaining pending actions – ConcurrentHashMap.KeySetView<K,V>:  A view of ConcurrentHashMap as a Set of keys  Additions may optionally be enabled by mapping to a common value New Additions to java.util.concurrent 14
  • 15. • Arrays.parallelSort() – Parallel merge-sort algorithm technique using ForkJoinPool • Bulk Data Operations for Collections • Base64 Encoding & Decoding support – New Classes  Base64, Base64.Decoder, Base64.Encoder – Eg Applications of use  Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)  encode passwords for HTTP headers Utils 15
  • 16. • StampedLock – A capability-based lock with three modes for controlling access  1) Reading 2) Writing 3) Optimistic Reading – Lock acquisition methods return a stamp – Stamp represents and controls access with respect to a lock state – Designed for the development of thread-safe components – Not re-entrant • ForkJoinPool (since java7) – ExecutorService for running ForkJoinTasks – A static commonPool() is added to reduce resource usage  Default pool appropriate for most applications – ForkJoinPool differs from other kinds of ExecutorService  Mainly by virtue of employing work-stealing  All threads in the pool attempt to find and execute subtasks created by other tasks or external clients like management and monitoring operations Miscellaneous 16
  • 17. • Repeating Annotations – provide the ability to apply the same annotation type more than once to the same declaration • Type Annotations – provide the ability to apply an annotation anywhere a type is used, not just on a declaration. – Used with a pluggable type system, – this feature enables improved type checking of your code Annotations 17
  • 18. • Motive – Eliminate need for ‘MaxPermSize’ tuning (one of the reasons for OOM error) – Improve GC performance • Removal of PermGen – Most allocations for the class metadata is done out of native memory – Some miscellaneous data has been moved to the Java heap – klasses that were used to described class metadata have been removed – Metaspace is Non-contigeous to heap – A garbage collection may be induced to collect dead classloaders and classes. The first garbage collection will be induced when the class metadata usage reaches MaxMetaspaceSize PermGen replaced by Metaspace 18 Heap NewGen Survivor Space OldGen PermGen Heap NewGen Survivor Space OldGen Metaspace Native Mem PermGen=Region{ Class Metadata, Hierarchy info, Constant Pool, Bytecode …} No more “OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space”
  • 19. • Defines subsets of JRE for devices that have limited storage capacity • Match Application Functional needs closely Compact Profiles 19 Security(E) JMX Instrumentation XML JAXP (E) JDBC RMI XML JAXP Core Networking IO Collections Scripting Regex JNDI Reflection Profile1 Profile2 CompactProfile3 FullSEAPI Swing Beans Sound Image I/O Java 2D CORBA JNI IDL Print Service AWT
  • 20. • Lightweight, high-performance script engine • Implemented in Java by Oracle • Replaces Mozilla Rhino JavaScript interpreter – Rhino compiled all JavaScript code to bytecode in generated class files. – Compared to C implementation of Javascript run with JIT compilation, Rhino had better performance – Rhino had memory leak since most JVMs don’t clean unused classes • Nashorn – compiles scripts in memory and passes bytecode directly to JVM Nashorn Javascript Engine 20
  • 21. • Enriched 3D Graphics features • New SwingNode class – SwingNode - enables embedding Swing content into JavaFX – ScheduledService - allows to automatically restart the service • Enhanced text support – Hindi and Thai controls – New Styles - bi-directional text, multi-line etc • Now Compatible with ARM platforms Java FX 21
  • 22. • The JDBC-ODBC Bridge has been removed – Reason  The JDBC-ODBC Bridge had been non-supported product  Was provided with only selected JDKs and not included in JRE – Alternate recommendation  Use a JDBC driver provided by the database vendor  If it was in use to with MS Access DB or Excel spreadsheet etc, could be replaced by pure java DB like H2, Java DB etc. • JDBC 4.2 – Minor enhancements to JDBC to improve usability and portability • JDK 8 includes Java DB 10.10 – a version of the Apache Derby database (since Java 5) JDBC 22
  • 23. • URLPermission Represents permission to access – a resource defined by url – for a given set of user-settable request methods and request headers • URLPermission(String url_name, String actions) – name of the permission is the url string  http://www.oracle.com/a/b/* – actions string is a concatenation of the request methods and headers  "POST,GET,DELETE“  "POST,GET:Header1,Header2“ • Examples of Path Matching – public boolean implies(Permission p) HTTP URL Permission 23 This’s path P’s path Matches /implies /a/b/* /a/b/c Yes /a/b/* /a/b/c/d No /a/b/- /a/b/c/d/e Yes
  • 24. • KeyStore enhancements – new Domain KeyStore type java.security.DomainLoadStoreParameter – new command option - importpassword for the keytool utility • New variant of AccessController.doPrivileged – enables code to assert a subset of its privileges, without preventing the full traversal of the stack to check for other permissions • Support for – Stronger algorithms for password-based encryption – AEAD algorithms – SHA-224 Message Digests – rcache Types in Kerberos 5 Replay Caching Security 24
  • 25. • Leverage CPU Instructions for AES Cryptography – Intel Westmere hardware (2010 or newer) has instruction set to support AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) – Syntax: -XX:+UseAES -XX:+UseAESIntrinsics • JMC 5.3 – JMC (Originally developed by JRockit) is an advanced set of tools that enabling efficient JVM monitoring & profiling – JMC is bundled with the HotSpot JVM starting from Java SE 7u40 HotSpot VM 25
  • 26. • New Commands – Jjs – invoke Nashorn java script engine – Java – can launch JavaFX – Jdeps - analyze class files • Pack200 – Pack200 support for Constant Pool Entries and New Bytecodes Tools 26