1) Questionnaires are commonly used to measure the impact of life changes on health in stress research. One advantage is that they are easy to administer to large groups, while one disadvantage is that responses may not be accurate due to memory errors or exaggeration.
2) Paula has been experiencing headaches, colds, and sleep problems that are associated with stressful experiences like having too much homework and traffic jams. This suggests she has been experiencing daily hassles. The stress response model explains that her body's reaction to stress in the form of physiological arousal could be weakening her immune system and causing her illnesses.
3) Stressful life events, even minor ones, can trigger the
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PSYA2 June 2009
1. Centre Number Candidate Number For Examiner’s Use
Surname
Other Names
Examiner’s Initials
Candidate Signature
Question Mark
General Certificate of Education 1
Advanced Subsidiary Examination
June 2009 2
3
Psychology PSYA2 4
(Specification A) 5
6
Unit 2 Biological Psychology, Social Psychology and
Individual Differences 7
8
Friday 15 May 2009 1.30 pm to 3.00 pm
9
You will need no other materials.
10
Time allowed 11
1 hour 30 minutes
12
Instructions
Use black ink or black ball-point pen. TOTAL
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
Answer all questions.
You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Answers written
in margins or on blank pages will not be marked.
Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked.
If you need extra paper, use the Supplementary Answer Sheets.
Information
The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
The maximum mark for this paper is 72.
Question 8 should be answered in continuous prose. You may use the
space provided to plan your answer. In Question 8, you will be marked
on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
(JUN09PSYA201)
G/K44361 6/6/6/3 PSYA2
2. Areas outside
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for marking
SECTION A: BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
Answer all questions.
Total for this question: 3 marks
1 The following are features of the pituitary-adrenal system and the sympathomedullary pathway.
Tick the boxes next to three features of the sympathomedullary pathway.
Noradrenaline
Pituitary gland
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
Sympathetic nervous system
(Tick three boxes only)
(3 marks)
3
Total for this question: 6 marks
2 Questionnaires have often been used in stress research to measure the impact of life changes
on health.
Outline one advantage and one disadvantage of using questionnaires in stress research.
One advantage ...........................................................................................................................
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One disadvantage ......................................................................................................................
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(3 marks + 3 marks)
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Total for this question: 5 marks
3 During the last few months, Paula has suffered from headaches and colds, and has been
having difficulty sleeping. She decided to keep a diary and found that her headaches, colds
and sleep problems were associated with experiences such as having too much homework,
losing house keys and being stuck in traffic.
3 (a) What is the name for these sorts of stress-related experiences?
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(1 mark)
3 (b) Use your knowledge of psychology to explain why Paula might be feeling unwell.
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Total for this question: 10 marks
4 Discuss one or more physiological methods of stress management.
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(06)
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for marking
SECTION B: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Answer all questions.
Total for this question: 4 marks
5 Explain what is meant by locus of control.
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Total for this question: 2 marks
6 It is Ani’s first day in a new job and he spends a lot of time watching to see what his
colleagues are doing, so that he will fit in with them and be liked. Explain Ani’s behaviour
in terms of compliance.
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(2 marks)
2
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Total for this question: 6 marks
7 (a) Outline one method that psychologists have used to study conformity.
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(2 marks)
7 (b) Explain one limitation of this method.
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(2 marks)
7 (c) Suggest an appropriate way of overcoming this limitation.
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(2 marks)
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Total for this question: 12 marks
8 Outline and evaluate one or more explanations of why people obey.
You may use this space to plan your answer
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(12 marks)
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for marking
SECTION C: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
Answer all questions.
Total for this question: 6 marks
9 (a) Describe key features of the behavioural approach to psychopathology.
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9 (b) Outline one limitation of the behavioural approach to psychopathology.
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(2 marks)
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Total for this question: 6 marks
10 One way of defining abnormality is to see whether or not someone meets the criteria for
mental health. Ivan has high self-esteem and a strong sense of identity.
10 (a) Describe two other criteria that you would expect Ivan to display if he were
psychologically healthy.
Criteria 1 ...........................................................................................................................
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Criteria 2 ...........................................................................................................................
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(2 marks + 2 marks)
10 (b) Outline one weakness of defining abnormality in terms of mental health.
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(2 marks)
6
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(13)
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not be scanned
for marking
Total for this question: 8 marks
11 Sally often gets anxious for no apparent reason. She believes that people do not like her and
becomes distressed when she has to meet strangers. She is very nervous when faced with
new or unexpected situations. Sally has been referred to a therapist for psychoanalysis.
11 (a) Outline two techniques used in psychoanalysis.
Technique 1 ......................................................................................................................
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Technique 2 ......................................................................................................................
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(2 marks + 2 marks)
11 (b) Sally asks whether there are any problems with this therapy. What would you tell her?
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(2 marks)
11 (c) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is another psychological therapy. Explain why this
might be an appropriate therapy for Sally’s problems.
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(2 marks)
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Total for this question: 4 marks
12 Describe the use of ECT (electro-convulsive therapy) in treating abnormality.
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END OF QUESTIONS
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