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PSYA1 June 2009

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1. Cognitive interviews use two techniques to improve witness recall: (1) context reinstatement, which asks witnesses to mentally reinstate the context of the event, and (2) reporting everything, which encourages witnesses to report all details regardless of perceived importance. 2. A brain scan showing different areas of the brain activating for verbal versus visual tasks relates to the working memory model, which proposes separate subsystems for verbal and visual information. Appropriate tasks could be a word recall test for verbal and a pattern recognition test for visual. 3. Eyewitness testimony is fallible due to factors like suggestive questioning, unconscious transference, and decay of memory over time. Reliability can be improved through techniques that reduce

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Centre Number Candidate Number For Examiner’s Use Surname Other Names Examiner’s Initials Candidate Signature Question Mark General Certificate of Education 1 Advanced Subsidiary Examination June 2009 2 3 Psychology PSYA1 4 (Specification A) 5 6 Unit 1 Cognitive Psychology, Developmental Psychology and Research Methods 7 8 Wednesday 13 May 2009 9.00 am to 10.30 am TOTAL You will need no other materials. Time allowed 1 hour 30 minutes Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer all questions. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Answers written in margins or on blank pages will not be marked. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. If you need extra paper, use the Supplementary Answer Sheets. Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 72. Question 4 should be answered in continuous prose. You may use the space provided to plan your answer. In Question 4, you will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. (JUN09PSYA101) G/K44360 6/6/6/3 PSYA1

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Areas outside 2 the box will not be scanned for marking SECTION A: COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY AND RESEARCH METHODS Answer all questions. Total for this question: 6 marks 1 Cognitive interviews have been developed to improve witness recall. Identify and explain two techniques used in the cognitive interview. Technique 1 ................................................................................................................................ ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... Technique 2 ................................................................................................................................ ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (3 marks + 3 marks) 6 (02) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1

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Areas outside 3 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 6 marks 2 A brain scan shows that one area of the brain is more active when a person is doing a verbal task. However, when this person is doing a visual task, a different area of the brain is more active. 2 (a) Explain how this could relate to the working memory model. Refer to different parts of the working memory model in your answer. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (4 marks) (Extra space) ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. 2 (b) Give an example of an appropriate verbal task and an appropriate visual task which could be used during the brain scan. Verbal task ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................. Visual task ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................. (1 mark + 1 mark) 6 Turn over (03) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1

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Areas outside 4 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 12 marks 3 Some psychology students read about an experiment which suggested that organisation is a useful strategy for improving memory. The students carried out an experiment to investigate the effects of organisation on word recall. They made up a list of 50 items that could be bought in a supermarket. The participants were teachers at their school. One group of participants saw the words organised into categories such as fruit, vegetables, dairy products and cleaning materials. The other group saw the same words presented randomly. The results are given in Table 1 below. Table 1 The number of words correctly recalled by participants who saw the organised list and participants who saw the random list Organised List Random List 20 15 15 13 18 19 45 14 24 20 23 10 28 21 21 6 25 22 30 25 Measure of central tendency Measure of dispersion 3 (a) Identify a suitable measure of central tendency that could be used with these data. Justify your answer. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks) (04) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1

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Areas outside 5 the box will not be scanned for marking 3 (b) The psychology students decided to use a volunteer sample. Suggest one way in which this sample could be obtained. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks) 3 (c) Suggest one possible extraneous variable in this study. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (1 mark) 3 (d) Suggest one way in which the students could control for this extraneous variable. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks) Question 3 continues on the next page Turn over (05) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1

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Areas outside 6 the box will not be scanned for marking 3 (e) The psychology students wanted to carry out an experiment to investigate the effectiveness of a different strategy for memory improvement. For this further experiment, suggest the following: 3 (e) (i) an appropriate strategy for memory improvement; ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... (2 marks) 3 (e) (ii) an appropriate experimental design; ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... (1 mark) 3 (e) (iii) operationalised independent and dependent variables. ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... (2 marks) 12 (06) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1

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Areas outside 7 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 12 marks 4 Outline and evaluate research into the effects of anxiety on the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. You may use this space to plan your answer ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... Turn over (07) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1

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Areas outside 8 the box will not be scanned for marking ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (12 marks) (Extra space) ................................................................................................................................ ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (08) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1

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Areas outside 9 the box will not be scanned for marking (Extra space) ................................................................................................................................ ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... 12 Turn over (09) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1

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Areas outside 10 the box will not be scanned for marking SECTION B: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY AND RESEARCH METHODS Answer all questions. Total for this question: 13 marks 5 A recent study recorded the amount of time that children spent in day care from birth to four years, and asked each child’s mother to rate her child for aggression and disobedience. The study found that, as the time spent in day care went up, the mothers’ rating of aggression and disobedience also went up. 5 (a) What kind of correlation is this research showing? ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (1 mark) 5 (b) Outline one strength and one weakness of using correlational research to investigate the effects of day care. Strength ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. Weakness .......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks + 2 marks) (10) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1

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Areas outside 11 the box will not be scanned for marking The researchers also found that children who experienced better quality day care had fewer behavioural problems than children who experienced lower quality day care. 5 (c) Outline two characteristics of high quality day care. Characteristic 1 ................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. Characteristic 2 ................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks + 2 marks) 5 (d) What have studies shown us about the effects of day care on peer relations? ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (4 marks) (Extra space) ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. 13 Turn over (11) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1

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Areas outside 12 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 4 marks 6 (a) What is meant by the term attachment? ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks) 6 (b) Tick two of the boxes below to indicate which of the following statements relate to Bowlby’s evolutionary theory of attachment. A Attachment takes place during a critical period or not at all. B Infants become attached to the person who feeds them. C Infants are innately programmed to form an attachment. D Attachments are based on the principles of classical and operant conditioning. (2 marks) 4 (12) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1

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Areas outside 13 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 12 marks 7 Research has suggested that institutionalisation can have negative effects on children. In the 1990s, many children were found living in poor quality orphanages in Romania. Luca had lived in one of these orphanages from birth. When he was four years old, he was adopted and he left the orphanage to live in Canada. His development was then studied for a number of years. 7 (a) Outline possible negative effects of institutionalisation on Luca. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (4 marks) (Extra space) ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. Question 7 continues on the next page Turn over (13) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1

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Areas outside 14 the box will not be scanned for marking 7 (b) The scenario above is an example of a case study. Outline one strength and one limitation of this research method. Strength ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. Limitation ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks + 2 marks) 7 (c) Disruption of attachment can occur when children experience separation from their attachment figure during their early childhood. Outline one study of the effects of disruption of attachment. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (4 marks) (Extra space) ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. 12 (14) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1

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Areas outside 15 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 7 marks 8 By observing interactions between the infants and their mothers in a Strange Situation, Mary Ainsworth was able to identify different types of attachment. 8 (a) Describe possible demand characteristics in this research. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (3 marks) 8 (b) How does the behaviour of securely attached infants differ from that of insecurely attached infants? ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (4 marks) (Extra space) ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. 7 END OF QUESTIONS (15) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1

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16 There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED Copyright © 2009 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. (16) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1

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PSYA1 June 2009

  • 1. Centre Number Candidate Number For Examiner’s Use Surname Other Names Examiner’s Initials Candidate Signature Question Mark General Certificate of Education 1 Advanced Subsidiary Examination June 2009 2 3 Psychology PSYA1 4 (Specification A) 5 6 Unit 1 Cognitive Psychology, Developmental Psychology and Research Methods 7 8 Wednesday 13 May 2009 9.00 am to 10.30 am TOTAL You will need no other materials. Time allowed 1 hour 30 minutes Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer all questions. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Answers written in margins or on blank pages will not be marked. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. If you need extra paper, use the Supplementary Answer Sheets. Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 72. Question 4 should be answered in continuous prose. You may use the space provided to plan your answer. In Question 4, you will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. (JUN09PSYA101) G/K44360 6/6/6/3 PSYA1
  • 2. Areas outside 2 the box will not be scanned for marking SECTION A: COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY AND RESEARCH METHODS Answer all questions. Total for this question: 6 marks 1 Cognitive interviews have been developed to improve witness recall. Identify and explain two techniques used in the cognitive interview. Technique 1 ................................................................................................................................ ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... Technique 2 ................................................................................................................................ ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (3 marks + 3 marks) 6 (02) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1
  • 3. Areas outside 3 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 6 marks 2 A brain scan shows that one area of the brain is more active when a person is doing a verbal task. However, when this person is doing a visual task, a different area of the brain is more active. 2 (a) Explain how this could relate to the working memory model. Refer to different parts of the working memory model in your answer. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (4 marks) (Extra space) ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. 2 (b) Give an example of an appropriate verbal task and an appropriate visual task which could be used during the brain scan. Verbal task ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................. Visual task ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................. (1 mark + 1 mark) 6 Turn over (03) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1
  • 4. Areas outside 4 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 12 marks 3 Some psychology students read about an experiment which suggested that organisation is a useful strategy for improving memory. The students carried out an experiment to investigate the effects of organisation on word recall. They made up a list of 50 items that could be bought in a supermarket. The participants were teachers at their school. One group of participants saw the words organised into categories such as fruit, vegetables, dairy products and cleaning materials. The other group saw the same words presented randomly. The results are given in Table 1 below. Table 1 The number of words correctly recalled by participants who saw the organised list and participants who saw the random list Organised List Random List 20 15 15 13 18 19 45 14 24 20 23 10 28 21 21 6 25 22 30 25 Measure of central tendency Measure of dispersion 3 (a) Identify a suitable measure of central tendency that could be used with these data. Justify your answer. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks) (04) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1
  • 5. Areas outside 5 the box will not be scanned for marking 3 (b) The psychology students decided to use a volunteer sample. Suggest one way in which this sample could be obtained. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks) 3 (c) Suggest one possible extraneous variable in this study. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (1 mark) 3 (d) Suggest one way in which the students could control for this extraneous variable. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks) Question 3 continues on the next page Turn over (05) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1
  • 6. Areas outside 6 the box will not be scanned for marking 3 (e) The psychology students wanted to carry out an experiment to investigate the effectiveness of a different strategy for memory improvement. For this further experiment, suggest the following: 3 (e) (i) an appropriate strategy for memory improvement; ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... (2 marks) 3 (e) (ii) an appropriate experimental design; ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... (1 mark) 3 (e) (iii) operationalised independent and dependent variables. ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... (2 marks) 12 (06) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1
  • 7. Areas outside 7 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 12 marks 4 Outline and evaluate research into the effects of anxiety on the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. You may use this space to plan your answer ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... Turn over (07) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1
  • 8. Areas outside 8 the box will not be scanned for marking ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (12 marks) (Extra space) ................................................................................................................................ ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (08) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1
  • 9. Areas outside 9 the box will not be scanned for marking (Extra space) ................................................................................................................................ ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... 12 Turn over (09) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1
  • 10. Areas outside 10 the box will not be scanned for marking SECTION B: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY AND RESEARCH METHODS Answer all questions. Total for this question: 13 marks 5 A recent study recorded the amount of time that children spent in day care from birth to four years, and asked each child’s mother to rate her child for aggression and disobedience. The study found that, as the time spent in day care went up, the mothers’ rating of aggression and disobedience also went up. 5 (a) What kind of correlation is this research showing? ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (1 mark) 5 (b) Outline one strength and one weakness of using correlational research to investigate the effects of day care. Strength ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. Weakness .......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks + 2 marks) (10) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1
  • 11. Areas outside 11 the box will not be scanned for marking The researchers also found that children who experienced better quality day care had fewer behavioural problems than children who experienced lower quality day care. 5 (c) Outline two characteristics of high quality day care. Characteristic 1 ................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. Characteristic 2 ................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks + 2 marks) 5 (d) What have studies shown us about the effects of day care on peer relations? ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (4 marks) (Extra space) ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. 13 Turn over (11) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1
  • 12. Areas outside 12 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 4 marks 6 (a) What is meant by the term attachment? ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks) 6 (b) Tick two of the boxes below to indicate which of the following statements relate to Bowlby’s evolutionary theory of attachment. A Attachment takes place during a critical period or not at all. B Infants become attached to the person who feeds them. C Infants are innately programmed to form an attachment. D Attachments are based on the principles of classical and operant conditioning. (2 marks) 4 (12) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1
  • 13. Areas outside 13 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 12 marks 7 Research has suggested that institutionalisation can have negative effects on children. In the 1990s, many children were found living in poor quality orphanages in Romania. Luca had lived in one of these orphanages from birth. When he was four years old, he was adopted and he left the orphanage to live in Canada. His development was then studied for a number of years. 7 (a) Outline possible negative effects of institutionalisation on Luca. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (4 marks) (Extra space) ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. Question 7 continues on the next page Turn over (13) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1
  • 14. Areas outside 14 the box will not be scanned for marking 7 (b) The scenario above is an example of a case study. Outline one strength and one limitation of this research method. Strength ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. Limitation ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks + 2 marks) 7 (c) Disruption of attachment can occur when children experience separation from their attachment figure during their early childhood. Outline one study of the effects of disruption of attachment. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (4 marks) (Extra space) ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. 12 (14) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1
  • 15. Areas outside 15 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 7 marks 8 By observing interactions between the infants and their mothers in a Strange Situation, Mary Ainsworth was able to identify different types of attachment. 8 (a) Describe possible demand characteristics in this research. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (3 marks) 8 (b) How does the behaviour of securely attached infants differ from that of insecurely attached infants? ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (4 marks) (Extra space) ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. 7 END OF QUESTIONS (15) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1
  • 16. 16 There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED Copyright © 2009 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. (16) G/K44360/Jun09/PSYA1