1. KB + Text => Great KB
な論文を多読してみた
Koji Matsuda (@conditional)
1
※各ページの図は元論文からの引用です。
2. KB + Text => Great KB な論文た
ち1. Connecting Language and Knowledge Bases with Embedding Models for Relation
Extraction, Weston+, EMNLP 2013
2. Knowledge Graph and Text Jointly Embedding, Wang+, EMNLP 2014
3. Representing Text for Joint Embedding of Text and Knowledge Bases, Toutanova+,
EMNLP 2015
4. Representation Learning of Knowledge Graphs with Entity Descriptions, Xie+,
AAAI 2016 (2月)
5. Text-Enhanced Representation Learning for Knowledge Graph, Wang and Li, IJCAI
2016 (7月)
6. Distributed representation learning for knowledge graphs with entity descriptions,
Fan+, Pattern Recognition Letters, 2016/09
7. Knowledge Representation via Joint Learning of Sequential Text and Knowledge
Graphs, Wu+, https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.07075
8. WebBrain: Joint Neural Learning of Large-Scale Commonsense Knowledge,
Chen+, ISWC 2016 (10月?)
9. Joint Representation Learning of Text and Knowledge for Knowledge Graph
Completion, Han+, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.04125v1.pdf
2
赤字は筆頭著者が精華大
所属の論文
(グループは一つじゃないらしい…)
3. KB + Text => Great KB
• 知識グラフ(Freebase)に書いてある知識を、
テキストを使って「増強」する
– 知識ベースに書いていない知識を予測する
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Wikipedia, NYT
ClueWeb(FACC1)
Freebase
WordNet
知識の埋め込み
TransE or RESCAL
メンションの埋め込み
CNN, RNN etc
もっと凄い
知識ベース
知識ベース
テキスト
input
output
+ 融合
5. 準備: Ditributed Knowledge
Representation
• Knowledge Graphのエンティティ/関係をベ
クトル空間に埋め込む
– 応用: テキストからの関係抽出, 知識ベースの拡充
(欠けたタプルを予測)
– TransE [Bordes+, 2013]
– TransH [Wang+, 2014]
• headを適当な空間に射影してから relationを足す
– TransR [Lin+, 2015]
• エンティティをリレーションの空間に写像
f
o
d
a-
s,
h
h
h
e
-
d
-
e
y
asatranslation between entities. WeintroduceTransE and its
extensions TransH and TransR in detail.
TransE
For each triple(h, r, t), TransE [Bordeset al., 2013] wants
h + r ⇡ t when (h, r, t) holds. This indicates that t should
bethenearest entity from (h + r). Hence, TransE definesthe
following energy function
f r (h, t) = kh + r − t kL 1/ L 2 (1)
Thefunction returnslow scoreif (h, r, t) holds, viceversa.
TransH
TransH [Wang et al., 2014b] enables an entity to havedis-
tinct embeddings when involved in different relations. For
a relation r, TransH models the relation with a vector r and
a hyperplane with wr as the normal vector. Then the score
ways shared
esand rela-
ith entities,
ework, each
nected with
sented with
eddings are
ies accord-
TransH and
ased on en-
erformance
uding entity
ction. The
eling of at-
outperforms
at effort on
TransE
For each triple(h, r, t), TransE [Bordeset al., 2013] wants
h + r ⇡ t when (h, r, t) holds. This indicates that t should
bethenearest entity from (h + r). Hence, TransE definesthe
following energy function
f r (h, t) = kh + r − t kL 1/ L 2 (1)
Thefunction returnslow scoreif (h, r, t) holds, viceversa.
TransH
TransH [Wang et al., 2014b] enables an entity to havedis-
tinct embeddings when involved in different relations. For
a relation r, TransH models the relation with a vector r and
a hyperplane with wr as the normal vector. Then the score
function isdefined as
f r (h, t) = − kh − wT
r hwr + r − (t − wT
r twr )kL 1/ L 2 (2)
TransR
TransR [Lin et al., 2015b] models entities and relations in
entity space and relation spaces, and performs translation in
relation spaces. TransR setsaprojection matrix M r 2 Rk⇥d
,
ed with
ings are
accord-
nsH and
d on en-
ormance
ng entity
on. The
g of at-
erforms
ffort on
orks and
elational
ties and
and cap-
., 2006;
f r (h, t) = kh + r − tkL 1/ L 2 (1)
Thefunction returnslow scoreif (h, r,t) holds, viceversa.
TransH
TransH [Wang et al., 2014b] enables an entity to havedis-
tinct embeddings when involved in different relations. For
a relation r, TransH models the relation with a vector r and
a hyperplane with wr as the normal vector. Then the score
function isdefined as
f r (h, t) = − kh − wT
r hwr + r − (t − wT
r twr )kL 1/ L 2 (2)
TransR
TransR [Lin et al., 2015b] models entities and relations in
entity space and relation spaces, and performs translation in
relation spaces. TransR setsaprojection matrix M r 2 Rk⇥d
,
which may projects entities from entity space to relation
space. Via the mapping matrix, the energy function is cor-
respondingly defined as
f r (h,t) = khM r + r − tM r kL 1/ L 2 (3)