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Keibul Lamjao National Park Manipur.pptx

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Keibul Lamjao National Park is the only floating park in the world, located in Manipur, India. It is a 40 square km swamp composed of floating masses of vegetation called phumdis, which are thick layers of organic matter that support the weight of large mammals. The park is home to the endangered sangai or brow-antlered deer and contains rich biodiversity of aquatic, wetland, and forest species. However, the permanent flooding from a new barrage has disrupted the natural ecosystem by preventing the seasonal floating and sinking of the phumdis. Conservation efforts aim to restore the phumdis and protect the rare biodiversity through patrols, research, awareness, and ecotourism initiatives.

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KEIBUL LAMJAO NATIONAL PARK MANIPUR (AIL PROJECT) AZIZ HUSAIN XI E
Introduction ◦ Keibul Lamjao National Park is located in Bishnupur, Manipur. ◦ It covers an area of 40 km square, which was later reduced due to some conflict. ◦ It is a floating national park, and the only of its kind in the whole world. It is a vital part of Loktak lake. ◦ The lake contains floating decomposed organic matter, which creates rings and forms a small island kind of structure called Phumdis. ◦ It was declared a national park in 1966 for its preservation, but was established as a national park in 1977.
Topography ◦ The park is a swamp with floating mass of vegetation created by accumulation of organic waste and biomass with soil particles that has been thickened into a solid form called Phumdis. ◦ The depth of the Phumdi varies from 1 ft (0.3 m) to 4 ft (1.2 m) and ◦ Two thirds to three fourths of the total park area is formed by phumdis. ◦ A waterway through the park provides year-round access by boats plying through the lake. ◦ The swamp encompasses three hills, namely, Pabot, Toya and Chingjao. ◦ The distinctive nature of the park is that it is “Too deep to be marsh, too shallow to be a lake".
Weather ◦ The park has an Indian tropical monsoon with an average annual rainfall of 46.6 in, most rains are received in July and August. ◦ Temperatures vary from a maximum of 34.4 °C in summer to a minimum of 1.7 °C in winter. ◦ Humidity is max. 81% in August with a min. of 49% in March. ◦ The bordering areas of the lake are stranded to the bed of the lake during the dry season but get almost submerged for a few days during the monsoon. ◦ During this period the animals in the park move to higher hilly areas. About twenty percent of its thickness floats on the lake, above the surface, which supports the weight of large mammals.
Flora ◦ The park, primarily composed of moist semi–evergreen forests and has a rich blend of aquatic, wetland and terrestrial ecosystem. ◦ Aquatic flora of the park include Zizania latifolia (wild rice, ishing kambong), Tripidium bengalense, Eiranthus procerus (singnang), Dioscorea bulbifera (phumha), Cynodon dactylon (tinthou), Alpinia galanga (pullei), etc. ◦ There are 2 types of phumdis, floating phumdi and sunken phumdi. Floating one contains reeds, grasses, and other plants floating on the lake surface, while the sunken one supports a rich emergent growth of reeds and grasses, on the lake bed. Zizania latifolia
◦ The phumdi vegetation had been structured into 45% Phragmites karka, 25% Erianthus ravennae(elephant grass), 15% Saccharum munja, 5% S. latifolium, 5% Alpinia allughas and 2% Saccharum procerum and 3% other species, including buckwheat, water chestnut, Zizania latifolia. Zizania latifolia is the plant much relished by the sangai deer. ◦ The three hills surrounding the park are now bared of most of the vegetation. Phragmites karka Water Chestnut Elephant Grass
Fauna and Avifauna ◦ The leading fauna species of the park, the following: The brow-antlered deer, hog deer, wild boar, large Indian civet, common otter, fox, jungle cat, Asian golden cat, bay bamboo rat, musk shrew, common shrew, flying fox and sambar. ◦ Fishes include Channa striata, Channa punctatus, common carp, Wallago attu and pool barb. ◦ Amphibians and reptiles include the keel back tortoise, viper, krait, cobra, water cobra, banded krait, Asian rat snake, python, Russel's viper, checkered garter snake and common lizard. Python molurus is also found in the park.
Brow-antlered Deer Large Indian Civet Hog Deer Keel Back Tortoise Russel's Viper Channa Striata
Avifauna ◦ The park has both migratory and resident. Some of them are the East Himalayan pied kingfisher, black kite, Indian pied myna, North Indian black drongos, yellow headed wagtail, spotbill duck, blue-winged teal, ruddy shell duck, threatened hooded crane, Burmese sarus spot bill crane, Indian white- breasted waterhen and crimson-breasted pied woodpecker, etc. East Himalayan Pied Kingfisher Black Drongos Yellow-headed Wagtail
Hazards 1.Due to the construction of the Ithai Barrage under the LMPP, there is permanent flooding of the park. The natural cycle of floating and sinking of phumdis has been disturbed which used to maintain the thickness and strength of the phumdis, which is now decreasing. 2.The barrage has disrupted the natural cycle of flow of minerals from top to bottom and from the hills to the lake, that affects phumdis and the ecosystem. 3.The permanent hold of water has converted the marshy land into a water body, disturbing the ecosystem. 4. Water quality is worsening because of flow of pollutants from towns, use a agrochemicals, accumulation of still water, deforestation, soil erosion and rotting of vegetation in the lake.
Conservation Measures Measures have been implemented to conserve and maintain the lake and the park: ◦ To provide effective protection ◦ Increasing area under phumdis in the park, ◦ Creating an awareness in which local people volunteer as guardian for park and wildlife. ◦ To encourage ecotourism and nature education, ◦ To undertake, aid, promote and co–ordinate research works, ◦ Propagating ethnic information, exhibition.
Conservation Measures Conservation measures that have been implemented by the Forest Department for protection are: 1. A perimeter fence of 2,281 m length in most vulnerable sections of the park to prevent entry of people and domestic livestock. 2. Seven canoes and four checkpoints are placed at strategic points for security. Also an Army Helicopter for census work. 3. The park is under the supervision of full–time forest officials. 4. Appointment of Assistant Conservator of Forests, Assistant veterinary surgeon, Ranger of forests, Field assistant, 3 Foresters, 4 Forest guards and 8 others.

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Keibul Lamjao National Park Manipur.pptx

  • 1. KEIBUL LAMJAO NATIONAL PARK MANIPUR (AIL PROJECT) AZIZ HUSAIN XI E
  • 2. Introduction ◦ Keibul Lamjao National Park is located in Bishnupur, Manipur. ◦ It covers an area of 40 km square, which was later reduced due to some conflict. ◦ It is a floating national park, and the only of its kind in the whole world. It is a vital part of Loktak lake. ◦ The lake contains floating decomposed organic matter, which creates rings and forms a small island kind of structure called Phumdis. ◦ It was declared a national park in 1966 for its preservation, but was established as a national park in 1977.
  • 3. Topography ◦ The park is a swamp with floating mass of vegetation created by accumulation of organic waste and biomass with soil particles that has been thickened into a solid form called Phumdis. ◦ The depth of the Phumdi varies from 1 ft (0.3 m) to 4 ft (1.2 m) and ◦ Two thirds to three fourths of the total park area is formed by phumdis. ◦ A waterway through the park provides year-round access by boats plying through the lake. ◦ The swamp encompasses three hills, namely, Pabot, Toya and Chingjao. ◦ The distinctive nature of the park is that it is “Too deep to be marsh, too shallow to be a lake".
  • 4. Weather ◦ The park has an Indian tropical monsoon with an average annual rainfall of 46.6 in, most rains are received in July and August. ◦ Temperatures vary from a maximum of 34.4 °C in summer to a minimum of 1.7 °C in winter. ◦ Humidity is max. 81% in August with a min. of 49% in March. ◦ The bordering areas of the lake are stranded to the bed of the lake during the dry season but get almost submerged for a few days during the monsoon. ◦ During this period the animals in the park move to higher hilly areas. About twenty percent of its thickness floats on the lake, above the surface, which supports the weight of large mammals.
  • 5. Flora ◦ The park, primarily composed of moist semi–evergreen forests and has a rich blend of aquatic, wetland and terrestrial ecosystem. ◦ Aquatic flora of the park include Zizania latifolia (wild rice, ishing kambong), Tripidium bengalense, Eiranthus procerus (singnang), Dioscorea bulbifera (phumha), Cynodon dactylon (tinthou), Alpinia galanga (pullei), etc. ◦ There are 2 types of phumdis, floating phumdi and sunken phumdi. Floating one contains reeds, grasses, and other plants floating on the lake surface, while the sunken one supports a rich emergent growth of reeds and grasses, on the lake bed. Zizania latifolia
  • 6. ◦ The phumdi vegetation had been structured into 45% Phragmites karka, 25% Erianthus ravennae(elephant grass), 15% Saccharum munja, 5% S. latifolium, 5% Alpinia allughas and 2% Saccharum procerum and 3% other species, including buckwheat, water chestnut, Zizania latifolia. Zizania latifolia is the plant much relished by the sangai deer. ◦ The three hills surrounding the park are now bared of most of the vegetation. Phragmites karka Water Chestnut Elephant Grass
  • 7. Fauna and Avifauna ◦ The leading fauna species of the park, the following: The brow-antlered deer, hog deer, wild boar, large Indian civet, common otter, fox, jungle cat, Asian golden cat, bay bamboo rat, musk shrew, common shrew, flying fox and sambar. ◦ Fishes include Channa striata, Channa punctatus, common carp, Wallago attu and pool barb. ◦ Amphibians and reptiles include the keel back tortoise, viper, krait, cobra, water cobra, banded krait, Asian rat snake, python, Russel's viper, checkered garter snake and common lizard. Python molurus is also found in the park.
  • 8. Brow-antlered Deer Large Indian Civet Hog Deer Keel Back Tortoise Russel's Viper Channa Striata
  • 9. Avifauna ◦ The park has both migratory and resident. Some of them are the East Himalayan pied kingfisher, black kite, Indian pied myna, North Indian black drongos, yellow headed wagtail, spotbill duck, blue-winged teal, ruddy shell duck, threatened hooded crane, Burmese sarus spot bill crane, Indian white- breasted waterhen and crimson-breasted pied woodpecker, etc. East Himalayan Pied Kingfisher Black Drongos Yellow-headed Wagtail
  • 10. Hazards 1.Due to the construction of the Ithai Barrage under the LMPP, there is permanent flooding of the park. The natural cycle of floating and sinking of phumdis has been disturbed which used to maintain the thickness and strength of the phumdis, which is now decreasing. 2.The barrage has disrupted the natural cycle of flow of minerals from top to bottom and from the hills to the lake, that affects phumdis and the ecosystem. 3.The permanent hold of water has converted the marshy land into a water body, disturbing the ecosystem. 4. Water quality is worsening because of flow of pollutants from towns, use a agrochemicals, accumulation of still water, deforestation, soil erosion and rotting of vegetation in the lake.
  • 11. Conservation Measures Measures have been implemented to conserve and maintain the lake and the park: ◦ To provide effective protection ◦ Increasing area under phumdis in the park, ◦ Creating an awareness in which local people volunteer as guardian for park and wildlife. ◦ To encourage ecotourism and nature education, ◦ To undertake, aid, promote and co–ordinate research works, ◦ Propagating ethnic information, exhibition.
  • 12. Conservation Measures Conservation measures that have been implemented by the Forest Department for protection are: 1. A perimeter fence of 2,281 m length in most vulnerable sections of the park to prevent entry of people and domestic livestock. 2. Seven canoes and four checkpoints are placed at strategic points for security. Also an Army Helicopter for census work. 3. The park is under the supervision of full–time forest officials. 4. Appointment of Assistant Conservator of Forests, Assistant veterinary surgeon, Ranger of forests, Field assistant, 3 Foresters, 4 Forest guards and 8 others.