This document discusses the factors that influence coastal environments for a geography course. It is divided into three sections: land-based factors, sea-based factors, and weather/climate factors. Some key land-based factors mentioned are geology/rock type, relief of the land, presence or lack of beaches, and river sediments deposited in deltas. Sea-based factors include coastal ecosystems, wave energy/direction, size/type of waves, and currents. Weather/climate factors include wind strength/direction, rainfall/temperature, and storm surges. Students are assigned homework to analyze photos of coastal areas and identify influencing factors.
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L1 ap 2013
1. AS year….
Unit 1
Global Challenges
Unit 2
Geographical Investigations
World at Risk
and Going Global
Summer Exam
60% AS
Rebranding and Crowded Coasts
Summer exam
40% AS
2. Introduction to Unit 2 – Geographical
Investigations
• This module is worth 40% of AS
• 1hr 15mins exam – Summer
• Two sections, each worth 35 marks
• 3 questions in each section
• Resource based
• Fieldwork, research skills and structured essay
question style.
4. What is the pattern of global
population density?
5. Competition for Coasts
LO: How do physical factors create a variety of coastal environments?
6. How do physical factors create a
variety of coastal environments?
A. Land
1. Resistance of the rocks – GEOLOGY
Different rock types will create different
landforms. E.g. Resistant Chalk and weaker
limestone at Purbeck.
LO: How do physical factors create a variety of coastal environments?
9. Physical factors that create a variety of
coastal environments
A. Land
2. Relief
• Relief provides sheltered inlets and natural
harbours, e.g. Hong Kong Bay.
LO: How do physical factors create a variety of coastal environments?
10. Physical factors that create a variety of
coastal environments
A. Land
R E L I E F
2. Relief
11. Physical factors that create a variety of
coastal environments
A. Land
3. Presence or lack of beach
Sand dunes, shingle beach or sand beach will all
help to protect the land from erosion. E.g.
Beesands, Devon.
A lack of a beach will clearly increase rates of
erosion. E.g. Holderness Coastline.
LO: How do physical factors create a variety of coastal environments?
14. Physical factors that create a variety of
coastal environments
A. Land
4. River sediments
Rivers carry vast quantities of sediment to the
mouth. Once they meet the sea it is often
deposited in the form of a delta. This adds to the
coast and allows space for development as well
as protection for the land. E.g. Nile Delta.
LO: How do physical factors create a variety of coastal environments?
16. Physical factors that create a variety of
coastal environments
B. Sea
1. Coastal (marine) ecosystems
• Mangrove swamps and coral reefs all help to
protect the land behind it. These ecosystems
therefore protect the coast, especially from
topical storms as they are found in tropics!
LO: How do physical factors create a variety of coastal environments?
18. Physical factors that create a variety of
coastal environments
B. Sea
2. Wave energy and direction
• Waves can have huge impact on erosion and
therefore shaping the coast. The larger the
fetch the more erosion. Compare Cornwall
(……….. Fetch) to Suffolk (……….. Fetch) .
LO: How do physical factors create a variety of coastal environments?
20. Physical factors that create a variety of
coastal environments
B. Sea
3. Size and type of waves
Larger waves clearly cause more erosion than
smaller ones. Destructive waves have ………….
Swash and a ……. backwash. These waves cause
more damage than constructive waves ( …………
swash and ……….. backwash)
LO: How do physical factors create a variety of coastal environments?
22. Physical factors that create a variety of
coastal environments
B. Sea
4. Local Currents and Long Shore Drift
Long shore drift transports material along the
coast. Clearly areas where LSD takes place
means that there will be a small and temporary
beach. Can increase the rate of erosion.
LO: How do physical factors create a variety of coastal environments?
24. Physical factors that create a variety of
coastal environments
C. Weather and Climate
LO: How do physical factors create a variety of coastal environments?
25. Physical factors that create a variety of
coastal environments
C. Weather and Climate
1. Wind strength and direction
Onshore winds will create more erosion than
offshore ones. Also strengths can play an
important role in the tropics, e.g. hurricanes.
LO: How do physical factors create a variety of coastal environments?
27. Physical factors that create a variety of
coastal environments
C. Weather and Climate
2. Rainfall and temperature
Theses factors can influence weathering rates.
E.g. slumping or biological weathering.
LO: How do physical factors create a variety of coastal environments?
30. Physical factors that create a variety of
coastal environments
C. Weather and Climate
3. Storms surges
Storms surges result from hurricanes. They can
damage coastal areas over long periods of time.
The damage from Hurricane Sandy was due to a
storm surge.
LO: How do physical factors create a variety of coastal environments?
32. Homework
• Find a photo of a coastal area and on it label
at least 4 different factors that shape that
area, e.g. Relief, high land that stops erosion
from being too rapid.
• Here is one I made earlier …
LO: How do physical factors create a variety of coastal environments?