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Learning Style

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Claudia Cárdenas

This document discusses four different learning styles: visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic. It provides descriptions of each style's preferences and example phrases used by people with that style. Study strategies are suggested for each style, such as making lists, diagrams, and flashcards for visual learners or talking through problems for aural learners. The document also mentions multi-modal learning involves using multiple styles and references the Barsh brain dominance inventory which categorizes left and right brain functions.

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BY CLAUDIA ANDREA CÁRDENAS
 
The Four Learning Styles Multi-modal Visual Aural Kinesthetic Read/Write
Visual Learners
VAK Learning Styles Explanation Someone with a Visual learning style has a preference for seen or observed things, including pictures, diagrams, demonstrations, displays, handouts, films, flip-chart, etc. These people will use phrases such as ‘show me’, ‘let’s have a look at that’ and will be best able to perform a new task after reading the instructions or watching someone else do it first. These are the people who will work from lists and written directions and instructions.
Visual Study Strategies
Aural Learners
Aural Study Strategies Talk to your classmates about notes Record lectures Summarize and record your notes Study in a quiet area Talk through a problem (either to yourself or to someone else)
Someone with an Auditory learning style has a preference for the transfer of information through listening: to the spoken word, of self or others, of sounds and noises. These people will use phrases such as ‘tell me’, ‘let’s talk it over’ and will be best able to perform a new task after listening to instructions from an expert. These are the people who are happy being given spoken instructions over the telephone, and can remember all the words to songs that they hear!
Read/Write WORDS
Read/Write Study Strategies Write out flashcards and notecards Rewrite vocabulary over and over again Rewrite your notes after a class Turn charts into words Write out exam answers in advance Make lists
Kinesthetic Learners
Someone with a Kinaesthetic learning style has a preference for physical experience - touching, feeling, holding, doing, practical hands-on experiences. These people will use phrases such as ‘let me try’, ‘how do you feel?’ and will be best able to perform a new task by going ahead and trying it out, learning as they go. These are the people who like to experiment, hands-on, and never look at the instructions first!
Kinesthetic Study Strategies
Multi-Modal
BARSCH BRAIN DOMINANCE INVENTORY left right Controls functions related to emotional and social needs as well as motor skills. (Brown 1987:43) STRATEGIES: movement, personal contact, symbolic representations, games Intellectual, organized, logical and analytical functions appear in this hemisphere. STRATEGIES: Infer, analyze, test hypotheses, procedures, graphs, problem solving.

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Learning Style

  • 1. BY CLAUDIA ANDREA CÁRDENAS
  • 2.  
  • 3. The Four Learning Styles Multi-modal Visual Aural Kinesthetic Read/Write
  • 5. VAK Learning Styles Explanation Someone with a Visual learning style has a preference for seen or observed things, including pictures, diagrams, demonstrations, displays, handouts, films, flip-chart, etc. These people will use phrases such as ‘show me’, ‘let’s have a look at that’ and will be best able to perform a new task after reading the instructions or watching someone else do it first. These are the people who will work from lists and written directions and instructions.
  • 8. Aural Study Strategies Talk to your classmates about notes Record lectures Summarize and record your notes Study in a quiet area Talk through a problem (either to yourself or to someone else)
  • 9. Someone with an Auditory learning style has a preference for the transfer of information through listening: to the spoken word, of self or others, of sounds and noises. These people will use phrases such as ‘tell me’, ‘let’s talk it over’ and will be best able to perform a new task after listening to instructions from an expert. These are the people who are happy being given spoken instructions over the telephone, and can remember all the words to songs that they hear!
  • 11. Read/Write Study Strategies Write out flashcards and notecards Rewrite vocabulary over and over again Rewrite your notes after a class Turn charts into words Write out exam answers in advance Make lists
  • 13. Someone with a Kinaesthetic learning style has a preference for physical experience - touching, feeling, holding, doing, practical hands-on experiences. These people will use phrases such as ‘let me try’, ‘how do you feel?’ and will be best able to perform a new task by going ahead and trying it out, learning as they go. These are the people who like to experiment, hands-on, and never look at the instructions first!
  • 16. BARSCH BRAIN DOMINANCE INVENTORY left right Controls functions related to emotional and social needs as well as motor skills. (Brown 1987:43) STRATEGIES: movement, personal contact, symbolic representations, games Intellectual, organized, logical and analytical functions appear in this hemisphere. STRATEGIES: Infer, analyze, test hypotheses, procedures, graphs, problem solving.

Editor's Notes

  1. This preference includes the depiction of information in maps, spider diagrams, charts, graphs, flow charts, labelled diagrams, and all the symbolic arrows, circles, hierarchies and other devices, that instructors use to represent what could have been presented in words. It could have been called Graphic (G) as that better explains what it covers. It does NOT include movies, videos or PowerPoint. It does include designs, whitespace, patterns, shapes and the different formats that are used to highlight and convey infomation.
  2. This perceptual mode describes a preference for information that is "heard or spoken." Students with this modality report that they learn best from lectures, tutorials, tapes, group discussion, email, using mobile phones, speaking, web chat and talking things through. It includes talking out loud as well as talking to yourself. Often people with this prefernce want to sort things out by speaking, rather than sorting things out and then speaking.
  3. This preference is for information displayed as words. Not surprisingly, many academics have a strong preference for this modality. This preference emphasises text-based input and output - reading and writing in all its forms. People who prefer this modality are often addicted to PowerPoint, the Internet, lists, filofaxes, dictionaries, thesauri,quotations and words, words, words...
  4. By definition, this modality refers to the "perceptual preference related to the use of experience and practice (simulated or real)." Although such an experience may invoke other modalities, the key is that people who prefer this mode are connected to reality, "either through concrete personal experiences, examples, practice or simulation" [See Fleming & Mills, 1992, pp. 140-141]. It includes demonstrations, simulations, videos and movies of "real" things, as well as case studies, practice and applications.
  5. Role play, talk, draw/rewrite
  6. What about Mixtures? Multimodals (MM): Life is multimodal. There are seldom instances where one mode is used, or is sufficient, so we have a four-part VARK profile. That is why the VARK questionnaire gives you four scores. Those who prefer many modes almost equally are of two types. There are those who are context specific who choose a single mode to suit the occasion or situation. There are others who are not satisfied until they have had input (or output) in all of their preferred modes. They take longer to gather information from each mode and, as a result, they often have a deeper and broader understanding.