Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
SlideShare a Scribd company logo

Lesson 1 charcteristics of quant r

•Download as PPTX, PDF•
•
M
mjlobetos

Quantitative research uses numbers and statistics to generalize findings about problems or inquiries. It employs standardized instruments to collect measurable data from large samples, which are then statistically analyzed to determine relationships between variables. There are experimental designs that manipulate variables and non-experimental designs that observe phenomena naturally. Common quantitative methods include surveys, correlations, experiments, ex post facto studies, comparisons, evaluations, and methodological designs.

1 of 18
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
WHAT IS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH? Quantitative research designs use numbers in stating generalizations about a given problem or inquiry in contrast to qualitative research that hardly uses statistical treatment in stating generalizations. Research findings are subjected to statistical treatment to determine significant relationship or differences between variables, the result of which are the bases for generalization about phenomena.
Characteristics of Quantitative Research 1. Methods of data gathering include items like age, gender, educational attainment that call for measurable characteristics of the population. 2. Standardized instruments guide data collection, thus ensuring the accuracy, reliability and validity of data. 3. Uses figures, tables and graphs to showcase summarized data. 4. A large population yields more reliable data but principles of random sampling must be strictly followed to prevent researcher’s bias.
Characteristics of Quantitative Research 5. Quantitative methods can be repeated to verify findings in another setting, thus reinforcing validity of findings. 6. Quantitative research puts emphasis on proof rather than discovery.
Strengths of Quantitative Research 1. Quantitative research design is the most reliable and valid way of concluding results, giving way to new hypothesis or to disproving it. 2. Because of bigger number of the sample of a population results to a more valid and reliable outcomes. 3. Quantitative experiments filter out external factors, if properly designed and so the results gained can be seen as real and unbiased.
Weaknesses of Quantitative Research 1. It can be costly, difficult and time consuming. 2. It requires extensive statistical treatment of data. 3. When ambiguities in some findings surface, retesting and refinement of the design call for another investment in time and resources to polish the results. 4. Quantitative methods also tend to turn out only proved or unproven results leaving a little room for uncertainty.
Kinds of Quantitative Research Design RESEARCH DESIGN- Refers to the overall strategy that you choose in order to integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way. It constitutes the blueprint for the selection, measurement and analysis of data. The research problem determines the research design you should use. Quantitative research designs are generally classified experimental and non-experiemental.
Quantitative Research Design Quantitative Design Experimental True Experimental Pre-Test Design Post Test Design Post Test only/control group design Quasi Experimental Non-Equivalent Control group Design Time Series Design Pre- Experimental One-Shot Case Study One Group Pre- Test Post Test Design Non- Experimental Descriptive Survey Correlational Ex-Post Facto Studies Comparative Evaluative Methodological
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN Allows the researcher to control the situation. This research design supports the ability to limit alternative explanations and to infer direct causal relationship in the study. This kind of research allows the researcher to identify cause and effect relationships between variables and distinguish placebo effects from treatment effects.
PRE-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN It applies to experimental designs with the least internal validity. Example: Pre-test, Post-Test Design.
QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN The researcher can collect more data, either by scheduling more observations or finding more existing measures.
TRUE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN Controls for both time related and group related threats. It employs both treated and control groups to deal with time-related rival explanations.
NON- EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN The researcher observes the phenomena as they occur naturally and no external variables are introduced. In this research design, the variables are not deliberately manipulated nor is the setting controlled. Researchers collect data without making changes or introduced treatments.
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN Its main purpose is to observe, describe and document aspects of a situation as it naturally occurs and sometimes to serve as a starting point for hypothesis generation or theory development.
TYPES OF DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN 1. SURVEY – a research design used when the researcher intends to provide a quantitative or numeric description of trends, attitudes or opinions of a population by studying a sample of that population. Example: customer satisfaction, election survey, student services. 2. CORRELATIONAL- establishes the relationship between the variables of the study.
TYPES OF DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN 2. CORRELATIONAL- establishes the relationship between the variables of the study. Correlational research has three types. A. Bivariate correlational studies –obtain scores from two variables for each subject, then use them to calculate a correlation coefficient. B. Prediction Studies-use correlation coefficient to show how one variable predicts another. C. Multiple Regression Prediction Studies
TYPES OF DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN 3. Ex-Post Facto Research Design – These are non-experimental designs that are used to investigate causal relationship. They examine whether one or more pre-existing conditions could possibly have caused subsequent differences in groups of subjects. 4. Comparative Design – involves comparing and contrasting two or more samples of the study on one or more variables often at a single point of time.
TYPES OF DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN 5. EVALUATIVE RESEARCH- seeks to assess or judge in some way providing information about something other than might be gleaned in mere observation of relationship. It is conducted to elicit feedback from a variety of respondents from various fields to aid in decision making or policy formulation. 6. METHODOLOGICAL –in this approach, the implementation of a variety of methodologies forms a critical part of achieving the goal of developing a scale-matched approach where data from different disciplines can be integrated.

More Related Content

Lesson 1 charcteristics of quant r

  • 2. WHAT IS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH? Quantitative research designs use numbers in stating generalizations about a given problem or inquiry in contrast to qualitative research that hardly uses statistical treatment in stating generalizations. Research findings are subjected to statistical treatment to determine significant relationship or differences between variables, the result of which are the bases for generalization about phenomena.
  • 3. Characteristics of Quantitative Research 1. Methods of data gathering include items like age, gender, educational attainment that call for measurable characteristics of the population. 2. Standardized instruments guide data collection, thus ensuring the accuracy, reliability and validity of data. 3. Uses figures, tables and graphs to showcase summarized data. 4. A large population yields more reliable data but principles of random sampling must be strictly followed to prevent researcher’s bias.
  • 4. Characteristics of Quantitative Research 5. Quantitative methods can be repeated to verify findings in another setting, thus reinforcing validity of findings. 6. Quantitative research puts emphasis on proof rather than discovery.
  • 5. Strengths of Quantitative Research 1. Quantitative research design is the most reliable and valid way of concluding results, giving way to new hypothesis or to disproving it. 2. Because of bigger number of the sample of a population results to a more valid and reliable outcomes. 3. Quantitative experiments filter out external factors, if properly designed and so the results gained can be seen as real and unbiased.
  • 6. Weaknesses of Quantitative Research 1. It can be costly, difficult and time consuming. 2. It requires extensive statistical treatment of data. 3. When ambiguities in some findings surface, retesting and refinement of the design call for another investment in time and resources to polish the results. 4. Quantitative methods also tend to turn out only proved or unproven results leaving a little room for uncertainty.
  • 7. Kinds of Quantitative Research Design RESEARCH DESIGN- Refers to the overall strategy that you choose in order to integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way. It constitutes the blueprint for the selection, measurement and analysis of data. The research problem determines the research design you should use. Quantitative research designs are generally classified experimental and non-experiemental.
  • 8. Quantitative Research Design Quantitative Design Experimental True Experimental Pre-Test Design Post Test Design Post Test only/control group design Quasi Experimental Non-Equivalent Control group Design Time Series Design Pre- Experimental One-Shot Case Study One Group Pre- Test Post Test Design Non- Experimental Descriptive Survey Correlational Ex-Post Facto Studies Comparative Evaluative Methodological
  • 9. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN Allows the researcher to control the situation. This research design supports the ability to limit alternative explanations and to infer direct causal relationship in the study. This kind of research allows the researcher to identify cause and effect relationships between variables and distinguish placebo effects from treatment effects.
  • 10. PRE-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN It applies to experimental designs with the least internal validity. Example: Pre-test, Post-Test Design.
  • 11. QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN The researcher can collect more data, either by scheduling more observations or finding more existing measures.
  • 12. TRUE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN Controls for both time related and group related threats. It employs both treated and control groups to deal with time-related rival explanations.
  • 13. NON- EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN The researcher observes the phenomena as they occur naturally and no external variables are introduced. In this research design, the variables are not deliberately manipulated nor is the setting controlled. Researchers collect data without making changes or introduced treatments.
  • 14. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN Its main purpose is to observe, describe and document aspects of a situation as it naturally occurs and sometimes to serve as a starting point for hypothesis generation or theory development.
  • 15. TYPES OF DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN 1. SURVEY – a research design used when the researcher intends to provide a quantitative or numeric description of trends, attitudes or opinions of a population by studying a sample of that population. Example: customer satisfaction, election survey, student services. 2. CORRELATIONAL- establishes the relationship between the variables of the study.
  • 16. TYPES OF DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN 2. CORRELATIONAL- establishes the relationship between the variables of the study. Correlational research has three types. A. Bivariate correlational studies –obtain scores from two variables for each subject, then use them to calculate a correlation coefficient. B. Prediction Studies-use correlation coefficient to show how one variable predicts another. C. Multiple Regression Prediction Studies
  • 17. TYPES OF DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN 3. Ex-Post Facto Research Design – These are non-experimental designs that are used to investigate causal relationship. They examine whether one or more pre-existing conditions could possibly have caused subsequent differences in groups of subjects. 4. Comparative Design – involves comparing and contrasting two or more samples of the study on one or more variables often at a single point of time.
  • 18. TYPES OF DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN 5. EVALUATIVE RESEARCH- seeks to assess or judge in some way providing information about something other than might be gleaned in mere observation of relationship. It is conducted to elicit feedback from a variety of respondents from various fields to aid in decision making or policy formulation. 6. METHODOLOGICAL –in this approach, the implementation of a variety of methodologies forms a critical part of achieving the goal of developing a scale-matched approach where data from different disciplines can be integrated.