Life style diseases

DR.V.J.SEBBY
S.M.O(N.C)
LIFE STYLE DISEASES

WHAT IS MEAN BY LSD
 Lifestyle Disease OR NCD(NON
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES) ARE
SOMETIMES CALLED DISEASES OF
CIVILIZATION ARE DISEASES
APPEAR TO INCREASE IN
FREQUENCY AS COUNTRIES
BECOME INDUSTRIALIZED AND
PEOPLE LIVE LONGER

What causes LSD
 Certain habits, behaviors, and practices such
as poor eating habits, inactivity, or smoking
 Factors that we cannot control such as age,
gender, and heredity

Controllable risk factors
 These include habits, behaviors, and practices
that we can change
 Examples:
 Your diet and body weight
 Your daily levels of physical activity
 Your level of sun exposure
 Smoking and alcohol abuse

Uncontrollable risk factors
 Some risk factors that contribute to your
chances of developing a lifestyle disease are
out of your control.
 Examples:
 Age
 Gender
 Ethnicity
 Heredity

Lsd includes
 Cardio vascular diseases
 Certain types of cancer
 Type 2 diabetes
 Cirrhosis
 Kidney failure etc

Cardio vascular diseases
 Your heart and blood vessels make up your
cardiovascular system.
 The diseases that result from damage to your
heart and blood vessels are called
cardiovascular diseases.
Types of CVDs: heart attack, stroke,
atherosclerosis, and high blood pressure

Risk factors
 Certain factors greatly increase your risk of
developing a cardiovascular disease, these
factors include:
 Smoking
 Being overweight
 High blood pressure
 High blood cholesterol
 Diabetes

Types of cvd
Stroke
High Blood Pressure
Heart Attack
Atherosclerosis

STROKE
 Sudden attacks of weakness or
paralysis (loss of muscle function)
that occur when blood flow to an area
of the brain is interrupted.
 Affects the arteries leading to and
within the brain
 Stroke is the third leading cause of
death in the United States, behind
diseases of the heart and cancer

High Blood Pressure
 The force that blood exerts against the inside
walls of a blood vessel.
 When blood pressure is too high, it puts extra
strain on the walls of the vessels and on the
heart.
 Many people do not know their blood
pressure is high until they have a heart attack
or stroke.

Preventing hypertension
• Cut back on salt.
• Lose weight.
• Quit smoking.
• Stop consumption of alcohol.
• Avoid saturated fat&cholestrol rich diet,
• consume food such as whole grain,beans,fruits &vegetables
• Exercise & avoid stress.

CHOLESTROL
 Several kinds of blood fats:
• LDL (“bad”) cholesterol - can narrow or block
blood vessels.
• HDL (“good”) cholesterol - helps remove
cholesterol deposits.
• Triglycerides - can raise your risk for heart
attacks/stroke.

TARGET LEVELS
• Target LDL = less than 100
• Ideal HDL = above 40 (men)
 above 50 (women)
• Target triglycerides = less than 150

Managing cholesterol
•Eat less saturated fat and trans fat.
 Foods high in saturated fat and trans fat: fatty meats,
hot dogs, high fat dairy products like cream and cheese,
baked products and snacks with hydrogenated vegetables
oils in the ingredients.
•Eat foods high in fiber.
 Examples: oatmeal, beans, peas, citrus fruits
•Take cholesterol-lowering medication
prescribed by your doctor.
•Exercise regularly.

Heart Attack
 A heart attack is when blood vessels that supply blood to
the heart are blocked, preventing enough oxygen from
getting to the heart.The heart muscle dies or becomes
permanently damaged. Most heart attacks are caused by
a blood clot that blocks one of the coronary arteries.The
coronary arteries bring blood and oxygen to the heart. If
the blood flow is blocked, the heart starves for oxygen
and heart cells die.”

Atherosclerosis
 This disease is categorized by the buildup of
fatty materials on the inside walls of the
arteries
 It is dangerous for 2 reasons:
 1. It can reduce or stop blood flow to certain
parts of the body
 2.These deposits can break free and release
clots into the bloodstream

Preventing CVD
 Limit consumption of fat and salt
 Keep your weight near recommended levels
 Don’t smoke
 Get moving
 Have your blood pressure and cholesterol
checked regularly
 Relax

cancer
 A disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth.
 Tumors are a mass of uncontrolled growing cells
that form a clump.
 Malignant- invade and destroys healthy tissue
 Benign- harmless cell mass
 Causes:
 Certain viruses (HPV)
 Radiation (UV rays, X-rays)
 Chemicals in tobacco smoke
 Asbestos (material used in fireproofing)

Types of cancer
 Breast
 Prostate Lymphoma
 Skin
 Leukemia
 Ovarian
 Cervical
 Respiratory
 Colon
 Urinary

Detecting
 Self-exam
 Biopsy
 X rays
 MRI
 Blood and DNA tests

prevention
 Don’t’ smoke!
 Wear sunscreen; stay away from tanning
beds
 Eat your veggies and cut the fat
 Stay active
 Get regular medical check-ups

Cancer in Kerala
 It is estimated that 35,000 new cancer cases
occur in Kerala in one year. Among males 50%
of cancers in the mouth, throat and lungs are
caused byTobacco and alcohol habits.
Among women tobacco related cancers are
15%.

CANCER IN HEAD &NECK
 The main risk factor for these cancers is
tobacco and alcohol. A diet rich in green and
yellow vegetables has been shown to offer
protection against oral cancer. Avoidance of
tobacco and alcohol is the most important
preventive action against mouth, throat and
lung cancers.

Cancer of stomach&Colon
 Consumption of large amounts of red chilies,
food at very high temperatures and alcohol
consumption are the main risk factors for
stomach cancer.
 Heavy consumption of red meat can lead to
risk of colon cancer.White meat such as that
of poultry do not have this risk. In South India
there is a trend towards increasing
consumption of red meat and this can lead to
increased risk for large bowel cancer.

Cancer of breast
 A large number of factors are identified as risk
factors for breast cancer. Late age at first
pregnancy greater than 30 years, single child,
late age at menopause etc are some of them.
 affluent life styles have reduced the physical
activities to a minimum and increased the
consumption of diets rich in fat. High fat diets
during the pubertal age and obesity in the post
menopausal age are risk factors for breast
cancer, high fat diet is also identified as a risk
factor.

Cancer of uterine cervix
 Early age at first intercourse, multiple sexual
partners, poor sexual hygiene, repeated child
birth etc are some of the reproductive risk
factors for cervical cancer
 . Regular cervical cytology examination (pap
smear) by all women who have initiated
sexual activity can prevent the occurrence of
cervical cancer.

What is diabetes&types
• The body does not produce or properly
use insulin.
• Insulin is a hormone that allows the body to use
glucose for energy. The body produces glucose from
the food you eat.
 Type1 diabetes(Iddm) 1 diabetes (IDDM)
• Usually diagnosed in children and young adults
 Type 2 diabetes(NIDDM)
• Most common form
• Most often diagnosed in adults

Prediabetes
 What is Prediabetes?
• Comes before type 2 diabetes
• Blood glucose are higher than normal, but not yet diabetes
• Most people with prediabetes don’t know they have it
 Prediabetes Ranges
 HbA1C-5.7-6.4%
 Fasting Plasma GlucoseTest-100-125 mg/dl
 Oral GlucoseToleranceTest-140-199 mg/dl

Risk factors
• You are overweight.
• A parent, brother or sister has diabetes.
• You are African American, Hispanic/Latino, Native
American,Asian American or Pacific Islander.
• You had a baby weighing more than 9 pounds or had
gestational diabetes.
• You have high blood pressure.
• You have low HDL (good cholesterol).
• You have high triglycerides.

Diabetes complications
 Heart Disease and Stroke
• On diabetes-related death certificates among
people aged 65 years or older:
• Heart disease was noted 68 percent of the time.
• Stroke was noted 16 percent of the time.
• The risk for stroke and death from heart disease is
2 to 4 times higher among people with diabetes.

complications
 Kidney Disease
• Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure,
accounting for 44 percent of new cases .
 Amputations
• More than 60 percent of nontraumatic lower-limb
amputations occur in people with diabetes.
 Blindness
• Diabetes is the leading cause of new cases of
blindness among adults aged 20-74 years.

Preventing complication
 By managing the ABCs of diabetes, people with
diabetes can reduce their risk of complications.
 A stands for HbA1C (a measure of average blood
glucose)
 B stands for Blood pressure
 C stands for Cholesterol

To lower the risks of Dm
complications
• HbA1C < 7, which is an estimated average glucose of 154mg/dl
• Blood pressure < 130/80
• Cholesterol (LDL) < 100
• Cholesterol (HDL) > 40 (men) and > 50 (women)
• Triglycerides < 150
• Get help to quit smoking.
• Be active.
• Make healthy food choices

Life style diseases

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Life style diseases