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lime and its uses in engineering.

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Quicklime, also known as burnt lime, is produced by heating limestone to high temperatures in a lime kiln, which decomposes it into calcium oxide. Hydrated lime is then produced by slaking the calcium oxide with water. Lime has many uses including in construction materials like mortar and plaster, water and sewage treatment, paper making, agriculture, pollution control, and forensics. The lime production process involves extracting limestone from quarries, selecting stones based on composition, calcining it in kilns fueled by gases or coal, and producing quicklime through the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate in the limestone.

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LIME
INTRODUCTION • UP UNTIL THE 20TH CENTURY , QUICK LIME WAS USED AS A DISINFECTANT, USUALLY IN 10% SOLUTION CALLED MILK OF LIME. HOWEVER, IT HAD DISADVANTAGE OF DECOMPOSING RAPIDLY ON EXPOSURE TO AIR AND MOISTURE, AND THE BURNT LIME HAD TO BE FRESH AND UN SLAKED • CALCIUM OXIDE (CAO) COMMONLY KNOWN AS BURNT LIME, LIME OR QUICK LIME, IS A WIDELY USED CHEMICAL COMPOUND. IT IS A WHITE CAUSTIC AND ALKALINE CRYSTALLINE SOLID. AS A COMMERCIAL PRODUCT LIME OFTEN ALSO CONTAIN MAGNESIUM OXIDE, SILICON OXIDE AND SMALLER AMOUNTS OF ALUMINIUM OXIDE, AND IRON OXIDE.
CALCINATION OR LIME BURNING • CALCIUM OXIDE IS USUALLY MADE BY THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF MATERIALS SUCH AS LIME STONE, THAT CONTAINS CALCIUM CARBONATE (CACO3; MINERAL NAME: CALCITE) IN A LIME KILN. THIS IS ACCOMPLISHED BY HEATING THE MATERIAL TO ABOVE 825 DEGREE CELSIUS , A PROCESS CALLED CALCINTAION OR LIME BURNING, TO LIBERATE A MOLECULE A CO2. LEAVING CAO . THIS PROCESS IS REVERSIBLE SINCE ONCE THE QUICK LIME PRODUCT HAS COOLED IT IMMEDIATELY ABSORBS CO2 FROM AIR. UNTIL AFTER ENOUGH TIME, IT IS COMPLETELY CONVERTED BACK TO CALCIUM CARBONATE. CALCINATION OF LIME STONE IS ONE OF THE FIRST CHEMICAL REACTION DISCOVERED BY MAN AND WAS KNOW IN PRE HISTORY
CALCINATAION PROCESS
SLAKED LIME, HYDRATED LIME, PICKLING LIME • IT IS A CHEMICAL COMPOUND WITH CHEMICAL FORMULA CA(OH)2. IT IS COLORLESS CRYSTAL OR WHITE POWDER AND IS OBTAINED WHEN CALCIUM OXIDE (CALLED LIME OR QUICK LIME) IS MIXED OR: “SLAKED” WITH WATER. IT CAN ALSO BE PRECIPITATED BY MIXING AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE AND AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE. THE NAME OF THE NATURAL MINERAL IS PORTLANDITE QUICK LIME CAN BE HYDRATED, THAT IS COMBINED WITH WATER. HYDRATED LIME IS PRODUCED ACCORDING TO REACTION REACTION CAO+H20 CA(OH)2
LIME PRODUCTION PROCESS • LIME STONE IS EXTRACTED FROM QUARRIES OR MINES. • PART OF THE EXTRACTED STONE, SELECTED ACCORDING TO ITS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND GRANULOMETRY , IS CALCINATED ABOUT 1000 DEGREE CELSIUS IN DIFFERENT TYPE OF KILN FIRED BY SUCH FUELS AS NATURAL GAS , COAL , FUEL OIL , LIGNITE ETC. • QUICK LIME IS PRODUCED BY THE REACTION CACO3+HEAT CAO+CO2
DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIME KILN • INTERMITTANT KILN • CONTINOUS KILN
USAGE OF LIME IN CIVIL ENGINEERING • IT IS USED IN MORTAR AND PLASTER TO INCREASE THE RATE OF HARDENING AS WELL AS TO IMPROVE ADHESION • LIME IS ALSO USED IN GLASS PRODUCTION AND ITS ABILITY TO REACT WITH SILICATES IS ALSO IN MODERN METAL PRODUCTION INDUSTRIES ( STEEL, MAGNESIUM , ALUMINIUM AND OTHERS) TO REMOVE IMPURITIES AS SLAG • IT IS ALSO USED IN WATER AND SEWAGE TREATMENT TO REDUCE ACIDITY TO SOFTEN, AS A FLOCCULANTS AND TO REMOVE PHOSPHATES AND OTHER IMPURITIES • IN PAPER MAKING TO DISSOLVE LIGNIN, AS A COAGULANT AND IN BLEACHING • IT IS USED IN AGRICULTURE TO REMOVE ACIDIC SOILS
USAGE IN DAILY LIFE • IT IS USED IN POLLUTION CONTROL, IN GAS SCRUBBERS TO DESULFURIZE WASTE GASES AND TO TREAT MANY LIQUID INFLUENTS. • IT IS TRADITIONALLY BEEN USED IN THE BURIAL OF BODIES IN OPEN GRAVES, TO HIDE THE SMELL OF DECOMPOSITION , AS WELL AS FORENSIC SCIENCE , TO REVEAL FINGER PRINTS .

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lime and its uses in engineering.

  • 2. INTRODUCTION • UP UNTIL THE 20TH CENTURY , QUICK LIME WAS USED AS A DISINFECTANT, USUALLY IN 10% SOLUTION CALLED MILK OF LIME. HOWEVER, IT HAD DISADVANTAGE OF DECOMPOSING RAPIDLY ON EXPOSURE TO AIR AND MOISTURE, AND THE BURNT LIME HAD TO BE FRESH AND UN SLAKED • CALCIUM OXIDE (CAO) COMMONLY KNOWN AS BURNT LIME, LIME OR QUICK LIME, IS A WIDELY USED CHEMICAL COMPOUND. IT IS A WHITE CAUSTIC AND ALKALINE CRYSTALLINE SOLID. AS A COMMERCIAL PRODUCT LIME OFTEN ALSO CONTAIN MAGNESIUM OXIDE, SILICON OXIDE AND SMALLER AMOUNTS OF ALUMINIUM OXIDE, AND IRON OXIDE.
  • 3. CALCINATION OR LIME BURNING • CALCIUM OXIDE IS USUALLY MADE BY THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF MATERIALS SUCH AS LIME STONE, THAT CONTAINS CALCIUM CARBONATE (CACO3; MINERAL NAME: CALCITE) IN A LIME KILN. THIS IS ACCOMPLISHED BY HEATING THE MATERIAL TO ABOVE 825 DEGREE CELSIUS , A PROCESS CALLED CALCINTAION OR LIME BURNING, TO LIBERATE A MOLECULE A CO2. LEAVING CAO . THIS PROCESS IS REVERSIBLE SINCE ONCE THE QUICK LIME PRODUCT HAS COOLED IT IMMEDIATELY ABSORBS CO2 FROM AIR. UNTIL AFTER ENOUGH TIME, IT IS COMPLETELY CONVERTED BACK TO CALCIUM CARBONATE. CALCINATION OF LIME STONE IS ONE OF THE FIRST CHEMICAL REACTION DISCOVERED BY MAN AND WAS KNOW IN PRE HISTORY
  • 5. SLAKED LIME, HYDRATED LIME, PICKLING LIME • IT IS A CHEMICAL COMPOUND WITH CHEMICAL FORMULA CA(OH)2. IT IS COLORLESS CRYSTAL OR WHITE POWDER AND IS OBTAINED WHEN CALCIUM OXIDE (CALLED LIME OR QUICK LIME) IS MIXED OR: “SLAKED” WITH WATER. IT CAN ALSO BE PRECIPITATED BY MIXING AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE AND AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE. THE NAME OF THE NATURAL MINERAL IS PORTLANDITE QUICK LIME CAN BE HYDRATED, THAT IS COMBINED WITH WATER. HYDRATED LIME IS PRODUCED ACCORDING TO REACTION REACTION CAO+H20 CA(OH)2
  • 6. LIME PRODUCTION PROCESS • LIME STONE IS EXTRACTED FROM QUARRIES OR MINES. • PART OF THE EXTRACTED STONE, SELECTED ACCORDING TO ITS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND GRANULOMETRY , IS CALCINATED ABOUT 1000 DEGREE CELSIUS IN DIFFERENT TYPE OF KILN FIRED BY SUCH FUELS AS NATURAL GAS , COAL , FUEL OIL , LIGNITE ETC. • QUICK LIME IS PRODUCED BY THE REACTION CACO3+HEAT CAO+CO2
  • 7. DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIME KILN • INTERMITTANT KILN • CONTINOUS KILN
  • 8. USAGE OF LIME IN CIVIL ENGINEERING • IT IS USED IN MORTAR AND PLASTER TO INCREASE THE RATE OF HARDENING AS WELL AS TO IMPROVE ADHESION • LIME IS ALSO USED IN GLASS PRODUCTION AND ITS ABILITY TO REACT WITH SILICATES IS ALSO IN MODERN METAL PRODUCTION INDUSTRIES ( STEEL, MAGNESIUM , ALUMINIUM AND OTHERS) TO REMOVE IMPURITIES AS SLAG • IT IS ALSO USED IN WATER AND SEWAGE TREATMENT TO REDUCE ACIDITY TO SOFTEN, AS A FLOCCULANTS AND TO REMOVE PHOSPHATES AND OTHER IMPURITIES • IN PAPER MAKING TO DISSOLVE LIGNIN, AS A COAGULANT AND IN BLEACHING • IT IS USED IN AGRICULTURE TO REMOVE ACIDIC SOILS
  • 9. USAGE IN DAILY LIFE • IT IS USED IN POLLUTION CONTROL, IN GAS SCRUBBERS TO DESULFURIZE WASTE GASES AND TO TREAT MANY LIQUID INFLUENTS. • IT IS TRADITIONALLY BEEN USED IN THE BURIAL OF BODIES IN OPEN GRAVES, TO HIDE THE SMELL OF DECOMPOSITION , AS WELL AS FORENSIC SCIENCE , TO REVEAL FINGER PRINTS .