"Presentation on Listening Skills. Lear ways to
Become a good listener. See to learn basic listening skills.
These PDF's are available for all VEDA students for free
On www.veda-edu.com"
2. Basic Communication Skills Profile
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Communication Order Learned Extent Used Extent Taught
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Listening First First Fourth
Speaking Second Second Third
Reading Third Third Second
Writing Fourth Fourth First
3. Meaning
Listening Is With The Mind
Hearing With The Senses
Listening Is Conscious.
An Active Process Of Eliciting Information
Ideas, Attitudes And Emotions
Interpersonal, Oral Exchange
4. Fallacies about Listening
Listening is not my problem!
Listening and hearing are the same
Good readers are good listeners
Smarter people are better listeners
Listening improves with age
Learning not to listen
Thinking about what we are going to say rather than listening to a speaker
Talking when we should be listening
Hearing what we expect to hear rather than what is actually said
Not paying attention
( preoccupation, prejudice, self-centeredness, stero-type)
Listening skills are difficult to learn
5. Stages of the Listening Process
Hearing
Focusing on the message
Comprehending and interpreting
Analyzing and Evaluating
Responding
Remembering
7. Types of Listening (Cont.)
Critical Listening
Ethos
Logos
Pathos
Discriminative Listening
Hearing Ability
Awareness of Sound Structure
Integration of non-verbal cues
8. Barriers to Active Listening
Environmental barriers
Physiological barriers
Psychological barriers
Selective Listening
Negative Listening Attitudes
Personal Reactions
Poor Motivation
9. How to Be an Effective Listener
What You Think about Listening ?
Understand the complexities of listening
Prepare to listen
Adjust to the situation
Focus on ideas or key points
Capitalize on the speed differential
Organize material for learning
10. How to Be an Effective Listener
(cont.)
What You Feel about Listening ?
Want to listen
Delay judgment
Admit your biases
Don’t tune out “dry” subjects
Accept responsibility for understanding
Encourage others to talk
11. How to Be an Effective Listener
(cont.)
What You Do about Listening ?
Establish eye contact with the speaker
Take notes effectively
Be a physically involved listener
Avoid negative mannerisms
Exercise your listening muscles
Follow the Golden Rule
13. Speech Decoding
Sound Perception and Recognition
(Recognising sounds and sound patterns
accurately, recognising the way sounds
combine to form syllables and
utterances)
14. Speech Decoding (Cont..)
Word recognition
( Recognising words accurately,
understanding the definitions of the
words being use, recognising the way
words are used un context, identifying
attention signals)
16. Comprehending
Comprehending a verbal message involves the
ability to:
• Identify the central theme, main ideas and
supporting details;
• Concentrate and understand long speeches
• Identify the level of formality
• Deduce incomplete information
• Deduce unfamiliar vocabulary
17. Oral Discourse Analysis
Is the process of identifying
relationships among different units
within the speech or oral message:
Critical skills
Attitude analysis
Inferential skills
18. Listening to structured talks
Pre-listening analysis-determining the
purpose, knowing your speaker
Predicting about the content of a
verbal message
Using background knowledge
Intensive listening
19. Intensive Listening
1. Listening to the introduction?
• What is the position, knowledge,
background, experience of the speaker?
• What is his credibility?
• What is the overall purpose of the talk?
• What is the central idea or theme?
• What is the overall structure?
• What does the speaker intend to do?
• What are the main points of the talk?
20. Intensive listening (Cont…)
2. Listening to the Body
• Contains the main message-pay
attention
• Concentrate on verbal signposts
• Recognise main supporting details of
the oral message
• Concentrate on visual aids
21. Intensive Listening ( Cont..)
3. Listening to the conclusion
• Understand the main themes of the
verbal message
• Recognise the speaker`s focus of the
talk
• Concentrate on what the speaker wants
the listener`s to do, or remember
22. Signal Phrases
Purpose of the speaker Signal phrases
* Introduces a topic Today, I`d like to talk about…, What
I am going to discuss is…
* Develops an idea If we critically examine the
situation.., The most significant
point is…
* Emphasises a point I am sure you will agree with me..,
I`d like to emphasise..
* Contrasts several ideas On the other hand., In contrast,…
* Shows transition of ideas My next point is…
* Concludes Finally.., I`d like to sum up
23. Logical Connectors and
Transitional Signals
Purpose of the speaker Logical connectors
Adds a point Moreover, in addition
compares Similarly, likewise
contrasts In contrast, However,
Shows segmentation Right, OK, And, Now, That`s all
Exemplifies In other words, For instance
Temporal Eventually, For the time being, Before
Explains Therefore, Thus
24. Effective Note Making
Note making is essential in college:
For lectures, which are a highly condensed methods of passing on
information
For reading, because what you don't write down, you don't remember
25. Effective Note Making (Cont.)
Note making is a skill:
Most people feel deficient
It can be learned
This takes understanding of what you're doing
It takes practice, which involves effort
26. Effective Note Making (Cont.)
Note making is difficult because:
Spoken language is more diffuse than written
Speaker's organization is not immediately apparent
Immediate feedback seldom occurs
Spoken language is quickly gone
This makes analysis difficult
27. Five purposes for note making:
Provides a written record for review
Provides a definite, limited learning task
Forces you to pay attention
Requires organization, and active effort on the part of
the listener
Listener must condense and rephrase, which aids
understanding
28. Sequence
Listen and focus on meaning
Evaluate what is being said
Is it relevant to your purpose? What are the high
points?
Record the information
Make use of it
29. Physical factors
Seating
Near the front and center - easier to see and hear
Avoid distractions - doorways, windows, glare; friends, foes
Materials
Loose leaf notebook: lies flat - organization and additions are
easier
Two pens, wide-lined, easy-eye paper; use dividers
Course, date, and topic clearly labeled
30. Before taking notes - PREVIEW
Prepare yourself mentally - What do you need to get out of this?
Review notes from last time and homework. Nail your attention
down tight.
Review the outline from your reading assignment
Think through what has happened in the class to date
Generate enthusiasm and interest
Increased knowledge results in increased interest
A clear sense of purpose on your part will make the course content more
relevant
Acting as if you are interested can help
Don't let the personality or mannerisms of a speaker put you off
Be ready to understand and remember
Anticipate the next step and compare what you've guessed with
what happens
31. Get Involved!
Tune-in, look, listen for clues:
Tone or gesture of Professor
Repetition; cue words: "remember!"
Notice what conflicts with your current opinions
They are harder to understand and remember
Keep thinking...
Look for emerging patterns
Write questions in margins to be answered later
32. While taking notes
Don't try for a verbatim transcript
Get all of the main ideas
Record some details. illustrations, implications, etc.
Leave plenty of wide space for later additions -
underscore or star major points
Note speaker's organization of material
Organization aids memory
Organization indicates gaps when they occur - you fill in later
Be accurate
Listen carefully to what is being said
Pay attention to qualifying words like: sometimes, usually,
rarely, etc.
Notice signals that a change of direction is coming: but,
however, on the other hand
33. While taking notes (Cont.)
Be an aggressive, not a passive, listener
Jot questions in your notes
Do you believe what you're hearing? What do you believe?
Seek out meanings. Look for implications beyond what is being
said.
Relate the material to your other classes and your life outside
of school.
Develop a shorthand of your own
Jot down words or phrases; use contractions and
abbreviations
Leave out small service words, use symbols: +, =,&, ~)
Try to get the hang of listening and writing at the
same time. It can be done
You may practice listening to the news on TV and taking notes
34. POST VIEW: Don't move - go over notes
at once!
Review and reword them as soon after class as
possible
Build review time into your schedule
Don't just recopy or type without thought
"Reminiscing" may provide forgotten material later
Rewrite incomplete or skimpy parts in greater detail
Fill in gaps as you remember points heard but not recorded
Arrange with another student to compare notes
Find answers to any questions remaining unanswered
Write a brief summary of the class session
Formulate several generalized test questions based on the
material
35. POST VIEW: Don't move - go over notes
at once! (Cont.)
Use your notes as a learning tool
Review at spaced intervals it is more effective than the same
effort spent cramming
We forget 50% of what we hear immediately, two days later,
another 25% is gone.
But relearning is rapid if regular review is used.
Compare the information in your notes with your own
experience - don't swallow everything uncritically
Don't reject what seems strange or incorrect. Check it out. Be
willing to hold some seeming inconsistencies in your mind over
a period of time.
Build a good "thought map" of the ideas. Explain it to anyone
who'll listen.
Memorize that which must be memorized.
36. THE TEN COMMANDMENTS – KEITH DAVIS
Stop Talking.
Put The Talker At Ease.
Show Him That You Want To Listen.
Remove Distractions.
Empathize With Him.
Be Patient.
Hold Your Temper.
Go Easy On Arguments And Criticism.
Ask Questions.
Stop Talking!