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Longevity Secrets of the Naked Mole Rat

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MarkSloan21

Get 3 FREE books for signing up to our newsletter: https://endalldisease.com/subscribe The naked mole rat is the longest-living rodent known, and can live up to 16x longer than regular rats. But that's just the tip of the iceberg. They are immune to environmental chemicals, they don't feel pain when being burnt with acid and in their natural habitats they are immune to cancer. If you enjoy this show please like, subscribe and share it with people you love to help spread the word. Click the following link to see the show notes: https://endalldisease.com/episode8 All of my videos, podcasts and articles are and will always be free. If you enjoyed this video and want to support my work, you can do so by donating, buying one of my bestselling books or red light therapy devices below. Check out our red light therapy store: https://endalldisease.com/store Check out my books: https://endalldisease.com/books Donate : https://www.paypal.me/endalldisease

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Longevity of the Naked Mole Rat Secrets
The Naked Mole Rat • The naked mole rat is a type of rodent found naturally in the hot, arid regions of eastern Africa, which spends its entire existence underground, or subterranean. • They live in colonies with about 75 other rats, but their colonies can be as large as 300 mole rats. • Their large, protruding teeth are used to dig, and their mouths are sealed just behind their teeth so their mouths don’t fill with soil while they’re digging. • They can move backwards as quickly as they can move forwards. • They eat primarily large tubers that they find underground through their mining operations. • And their tunnel systems can stretch from three to five kilometres (2–3 miles) in cumulative length.
Mindblowing Facts About the Naked Mole Rat
They Reproduce From Birth to The Grave (Edrey YH. et al, 2011) • Humans tend to believe that men have the capacity to reproduce their entire lives, but women can only reproduce until menopause. • Is menopause inevitable? • Not for naked mole rats, who can reproduce for their entire lifespans. If we can figure out what is conferring their lifelong reproduction, perhaps humans can gain the same benefit. 1
(Smith ES. et al, 2011) The naked mole rat “is exceptional in its acid insensitivity,” wrote scientist ES Smith and his colleagues in a 2011 study published in the journal Science. Their theory explaining why was a species-specific gene modification that allowed acid sensors to not be activated upon contact with acid. They Don’t Feel Pain After Being Burnt with Acid 2 Studies testing pain threshhold of naked mole rats found that they registered no pain after being burnt with acid.
(Larson J. et al, 2009) Mammalian brains typically suffer irreversible damage after brief periods of oxygen deprivation, for example, during a stroke or cardiac arrest. A 2009 study published in Neuroreport found that “brain tissue from naked-mole rats, rodents that live in a chronically low-oxygen environment, is remarkably resistant to hypoxia.” Their theory explaining why was that brain tolerance to hypoxia “may result from slowed or arrested brain development.” Their Brains Can Survive Long Periods Without Oxygen 3
Compared with mice, naked mole rat cells have a remarkable resistance to many harmful insults including, • Paraquat • High temperature • Heavy metals • DNA damaging agents • Harmful foreign materials Naked mole rats have the ability to resist damage at the cellular level over the course of their lives. And as researchers in a 2016 study admitted, “the underlying mechanisms are unclear.” (Orr. et al, 2016) They Are Immune to Damage from Toxins and other Stressors 4
Interestingly, in 2016, a report was published claiming that two naked mole rats developed cancer. However, as it turns out, both naked mole rats in this case were born and living in captivity at zoos, which is a much different environment then their subterranean burrows. (Delaney MA, et al. 2016) • Cancer has never been observed in naked mole rats living in their natural habitats underground. • Something about their natural environment makes them immune to cancer. (Liang S, et al, 2010) They Are Immune To Cancer 5
• Rats typically live only 2 to 2.5 years maximum. • And yet the longest lived naked mole rat ever observed was 32 years old. • That’s a 16x increase in lifespan. • The naked mole rat is the longest-living rodent known. • The exceptional longevity and disease resistance of the naked mole rat have researchers calling it “a true ‘supermodel’ for aging research and resistance to chronic age-associated diseases.” (Edrey YH. et al, 2011) They Live 16x Longer Than Normal Rats 6
• Unlike all other mammals studied to date, a naked mole rat’s risk of death does no go up as it gets older, wrote scientists in a study from January 2018. • “This absence of hazard increase with age, in defiance with Gompertz’s law, [a mathematical equation that describes aging] uniquely identifies the naked mole-rat as a non-aging mammal,” they continued. “It goes against everything we know in terms of mammalian biology.” • “After they reached sexual maturity at 6 months of age, each naked mole rat’s daily chance of dying was a little more than one in 10,000. It stayed the same the rest of their lives and even went down a little,” reported scientist Buffenstein. (Ruby JG. et al. 2018) Naked Mole Rats Don’t Age 7
Scientists are Baffled! What is the Mechanism for the astounding features of the Naked Mole Rat? • Mainstream scientists have a number of theories, some of which we touched upon. • However, ultimately, in even the most recent studies, they admit that they haven’t figured it out yet; to the mainstream, the longevity secrets of the naked mole rat remain a mystery.
Mainstream Medicine Funds Genetic-Based Research ONLY A friend of mine and fellow researcher emailed one of the reknowned scientists working with naked mole rats asking them to study the metabolism of naked mole rats. “No way in hell I am going to check metabolism. I got 3 grants from NIH [The National Institutes of Health] decoding the naked mole rat genome so I have no time for this metabolic nonsense.” Mainstream medicine is not interested in metabolic research, because it would lead to cures for diseases. By focusing (and funding) studies solely on genetics, the answers, like the explanations for the outstanding features of the naked mole rat, are never found. But they can’t control all research… The reason why scientists haven’t figured it out yet is that mainstream scientific research is focused almost entirely on genetics, and as it turns out genetics have virtually nothing to do with the naked mole rat’s outstanding health. The scientist replied,
The Naked Mole Rat EXPLAINED “They live in burrows that are kept closed, so the percentage of oxygen is lower than in the outside air, and the percentage of carbon dioxide ranges from 0.2% to 5%,” explains Dr. Raymond Peat. A 2005 study by Israeli scientists investigated the oxygen and carbon dioxide content in burrows of three species of subterranean mole rats and found that maximal CO2 levels were 6.1% and minimal O2 levels were 7.2%. Carbon dioxide Oxygen Air onEarth 0.04% 20.95% Mole Rat Burrow Up to 6.1% As low as 7.2% In the 2016 study that documented cancer in two naked mole rats living at the zoo, they lived in an environment with 21% atmospheric oxygen compared to their natural 7%, and CO2 was 0.04% compared to their natural 6%. (Shams I. et al, 2005) 153x 2.9x
Similar Effects to Elevation At Elevation Naked Mole Rat Burrow CO2 = 0.04% O2 = 20.95% (Reduced pressure) CO2 = 6% O2 = 7% Inside the Body CO2 O2 Inside the Body CO2 O2 (Increased concentration) (Reduced concentration)
Highly Saturated Tissue Phospholipids • In a 2004 study, researchers investigated longevity in mammals by looking at the type of fatty acids contained within their cell membranes. • The study found, “The degree of unsaturation of tissue fatty acids also correlates inversely with maximum longevity.” (Barja G, et al. 2004) • “Animals that naturally have a relatively low level of highly unsaturated fats in their tissues have the greatest longevity.” - Dr. Raymond Peat, PhD The Key to Maximum Longevity Cell Membranes of Naked Mole Rats • A 2006 study investigated tissue phospholipids in mice compared to naked mole rats. • “Both species had similar amounts of membrane total unsaturated fatty acids, however, mice had 9 times more decosahexaenoic acid (DHA).” • “Because this n-3 PUFA is more susceptible to lipid peroxidation, mole rat membranes are substantially more resistant to oxidative stress than are mice membranes.” (Hulbert AJ, et al. 2006) “DHA-containing phospholipids represent 27-57% of all phospholipids in mice but only 2-6% in naked mole-rats.” (Mitchell TW, et al. 2007)
Study Shocks Researchers Synopsis: In 2010, Researchers at the College of Staten Island in New York re-created the environmental conditions of a naked mole-rat burrow (lower oxygen and increased carbon dioxide) in their laboratory and examined its effects on naked mole rat activity levels, memory and social interaction. Hypothesis: They hypothesized that the environment would have a negative impact on the activity, memory and social interaction of the rats. Results: When the rats were put into an environment of decreased oxygen (“hypoxic”) and increased carbon dioxide (“hypercapnic”)…
They became more social They had significantly improved memory scores Their overall movements increased by 76.8% (Berkovits R. et al, 2017) Conclusion: “Results did not support the original hypothesis that activity, memory and social interaction levels would decrease under hypercapnic hypoxia.”
Thanks for Watching!
How to Support my work Handheld device Bodylight Mini Full Bodylight EndAllDisease.com/store visit
order my books Red Light Therapy: Miracle Medicine The Cancer Industry Cancer: The Metabolic Disease Unravelled EndAllDisease.com/books visit
Check out the Show Notes For the show notes and to sign up to our mailinglist, Go to:
References • Edrey YH, park TJ, kang H, biney A, buffenstein R. Endocrine function and neurobiology of the longest-living rodent, the naked mole-rat. Exp gerontol. 2011;46(2-3):116-23. • Smith ES, omerbašić D, lechner SG, anirudhan G, lapatsina L, lewin GR. The molecular basis of acid insensitivity in the african naked mole-rat. Science. 2011;334(6062):1557-60. • Larson J, park TJ. Extreme hypoxia tolerance of naked mole-rat brain. Neuroreport. 2009;20(18):1634-7. • Liang S, mele J, wu Y, buffenstein R, hornsby PJ. Resistance to experimental tumorigenesis in cells of a long-lived mammal, the naked mole-rat (heterocephalus glaber). Aging cell. 2010;9(4):626-35. • Buffenstein R. The naked mole-rat: a new long-living model for human aging research. J gerontol A biol sci med sci. 2005;60(11):1369-77. • O'connor tp, lee a, jarvis ju, buffenstein r. Prolonged longevity in naked mole-rats: age-related changes in metabolism, body composition and gastrointestinal function. Comp biochem physiol, part A mol integr physiol. 2002;133(3):835-42. • Csiszar A, labinskyy N, orosz Z, xiangmin Z, buffenstein R, ungvari Z. Vascular aging in the longest-living rodent, the naked mole rat. Am J physiol heart circ physiol. 2007;293(2):h919-27. • Orr ME, Garbarino VR, Salinas A, Buffenstein R. Extended postnatal brain development in the longest-lived rodent: prolonged maintenance of neotenous traits in the naked mole-rat brain. Front Neurosci. 2016;10:504. • Gorbunova V, Seluanov A, Zhang Z, Gladyshev VN, Vijg J. Comparative genetics of longevity and cancer: insights from long-lived rodents. Nat Rev Genet. 2014;15:531–540. • Delaney MA, Ward JM, Walsh TF, Chinnadurai SK, Kerns K, Kinsel MJ, Treuting PM (May 2016). "Initial Case Reports of Cancer in Naked Mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber)". Veterinary Pathology. 53 (3): 691–6. • Ruby JG, Smith M, Buffenstein R. Naked Mole-Rat mortality rates defy gompertzian laws by not increasing with age. Elife. 2018;7. • Lewis KN, mele J, hornsby PJ, buffenstein R. Stress resistance in the naked mole-rat: the bare essentials - a mini-review. Gerontology. 2012;58(5):453-62. • Kim eb, fang x, fushan aa, et al. Genome sequencing reveals insights into physiology and longevity of the naked mole rat. Nature. 2011;479(7372):223-7. • Lewis kn, andziak b, yang t, buffenstein r. The naked mole-rat response to oxidative stress: just deal with it. Antioxid redox signal. 2013;19(12):1388-99. • Shams I, avivi A, nevo E. Oxygen and carbon dioxide fluctuations in burrows of subterranean blind mole rats indicate tolerance to hypoxic- hypercapnic stresses. Comp biochem physiol, part A mol integr physiol. 2005;142(3):376-82. • Berkovits R, boffa N, deluca V. The effects of hypercapnic hypoxia on naked mole rat activity levels, memory, and social interaction. 2010. Available: https://macaulay.Cuny.Edu/eportfolios/newyorkcityonthebrain/files/2010/12/nmr-poster.Pdf [february 15, 2017]. • Barja G. Free radicals and aging. Trends Neurosci. 2004;27(10):595-600. • Mitchell TW, Buffenstein R, Hulbert AJ. Membrane phospholipid composition may contribute to exceptional longevity of the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber): a comparative study using shotgun lipidomics. Exp Gerontol. 2007;42(11):1053-62. • Hulbert AJ, Faulks SC, Buffenstein R. Oxidation-resistant membrane phospholipids can explain longevity differences among the longest- living rodents and similarly-sized mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61(10):1009-18.

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Longevity Secrets of the Naked Mole Rat

  • 2. The Naked Mole Rat • The naked mole rat is a type of rodent found naturally in the hot, arid regions of eastern Africa, which spends its entire existence underground, or subterranean. • They live in colonies with about 75 other rats, but their colonies can be as large as 300 mole rats. • Their large, protruding teeth are used to dig, and their mouths are sealed just behind their teeth so their mouths don’t fill with soil while they’re digging. • They can move backwards as quickly as they can move forwards. • They eat primarily large tubers that they find underground through their mining operations. • And their tunnel systems can stretch from three to five kilometres (2–3 miles) in cumulative length.
  • 4. They Reproduce From Birth to The Grave (Edrey YH. et al, 2011) • Humans tend to believe that men have the capacity to reproduce their entire lives, but women can only reproduce until menopause. • Is menopause inevitable? • Not for naked mole rats, who can reproduce for their entire lifespans. If we can figure out what is conferring their lifelong reproduction, perhaps humans can gain the same benefit. 1
  • 5. (Smith ES. et al, 2011) The naked mole rat “is exceptional in its acid insensitivity,” wrote scientist ES Smith and his colleagues in a 2011 study published in the journal Science. Their theory explaining why was a species-specific gene modification that allowed acid sensors to not be activated upon contact with acid. They Don’t Feel Pain After Being Burnt with Acid 2 Studies testing pain threshhold of naked mole rats found that they registered no pain after being burnt with acid.
  • 6. (Larson J. et al, 2009) Mammalian brains typically suffer irreversible damage after brief periods of oxygen deprivation, for example, during a stroke or cardiac arrest. A 2009 study published in Neuroreport found that “brain tissue from naked-mole rats, rodents that live in a chronically low-oxygen environment, is remarkably resistant to hypoxia.” Their theory explaining why was that brain tolerance to hypoxia “may result from slowed or arrested brain development.” Their Brains Can Survive Long Periods Without Oxygen 3
  • 7. Compared with mice, naked mole rat cells have a remarkable resistance to many harmful insults including, • Paraquat • High temperature • Heavy metals • DNA damaging agents • Harmful foreign materials Naked mole rats have the ability to resist damage at the cellular level over the course of their lives. And as researchers in a 2016 study admitted, “the underlying mechanisms are unclear.” (Orr. et al, 2016) They Are Immune to Damage from Toxins and other Stressors 4
  • 8. Interestingly, in 2016, a report was published claiming that two naked mole rats developed cancer. However, as it turns out, both naked mole rats in this case were born and living in captivity at zoos, which is a much different environment then their subterranean burrows. (Delaney MA, et al. 2016) • Cancer has never been observed in naked mole rats living in their natural habitats underground. • Something about their natural environment makes them immune to cancer. (Liang S, et al, 2010) They Are Immune To Cancer 5
  • 9. • Rats typically live only 2 to 2.5 years maximum. • And yet the longest lived naked mole rat ever observed was 32 years old. • That’s a 16x increase in lifespan. • The naked mole rat is the longest-living rodent known. • The exceptional longevity and disease resistance of the naked mole rat have researchers calling it “a true ‘supermodel’ for aging research and resistance to chronic age-associated diseases.” (Edrey YH. et al, 2011) They Live 16x Longer Than Normal Rats 6
  • 10. • Unlike all other mammals studied to date, a naked mole rat’s risk of death does no go up as it gets older, wrote scientists in a study from January 2018. • “This absence of hazard increase with age, in defiance with Gompertz’s law, [a mathematical equation that describes aging] uniquely identifies the naked mole-rat as a non-aging mammal,” they continued. “It goes against everything we know in terms of mammalian biology.” • “After they reached sexual maturity at 6 months of age, each naked mole rat’s daily chance of dying was a little more than one in 10,000. It stayed the same the rest of their lives and even went down a little,” reported scientist Buffenstein. (Ruby JG. et al. 2018) Naked Mole Rats Don’t Age 7
  • 11. Scientists are Baffled! What is the Mechanism for the astounding features of the Naked Mole Rat? • Mainstream scientists have a number of theories, some of which we touched upon. • However, ultimately, in even the most recent studies, they admit that they haven’t figured it out yet; to the mainstream, the longevity secrets of the naked mole rat remain a mystery.
  • 12. Mainstream Medicine Funds Genetic-Based Research ONLY A friend of mine and fellow researcher emailed one of the reknowned scientists working with naked mole rats asking them to study the metabolism of naked mole rats. “No way in hell I am going to check metabolism. I got 3 grants from NIH [The National Institutes of Health] decoding the naked mole rat genome so I have no time for this metabolic nonsense.” Mainstream medicine is not interested in metabolic research, because it would lead to cures for diseases. By focusing (and funding) studies solely on genetics, the answers, like the explanations for the outstanding features of the naked mole rat, are never found. But they can’t control all research… The reason why scientists haven’t figured it out yet is that mainstream scientific research is focused almost entirely on genetics, and as it turns out genetics have virtually nothing to do with the naked mole rat’s outstanding health. The scientist replied,
  • 13. The Naked Mole Rat EXPLAINED “They live in burrows that are kept closed, so the percentage of oxygen is lower than in the outside air, and the percentage of carbon dioxide ranges from 0.2% to 5%,” explains Dr. Raymond Peat. A 2005 study by Israeli scientists investigated the oxygen and carbon dioxide content in burrows of three species of subterranean mole rats and found that maximal CO2 levels were 6.1% and minimal O2 levels were 7.2%. Carbon dioxide Oxygen Air onEarth 0.04% 20.95% Mole Rat Burrow Up to 6.1% As low as 7.2% In the 2016 study that documented cancer in two naked mole rats living at the zoo, they lived in an environment with 21% atmospheric oxygen compared to their natural 7%, and CO2 was 0.04% compared to their natural 6%. (Shams I. et al, 2005) 153x 2.9x
  • 14. Similar Effects to Elevation At Elevation Naked Mole Rat Burrow CO2 = 0.04% O2 = 20.95% (Reduced pressure) CO2 = 6% O2 = 7% Inside the Body CO2 O2 Inside the Body CO2 O2 (Increased concentration) (Reduced concentration)
  • 15. Highly Saturated Tissue Phospholipids • In a 2004 study, researchers investigated longevity in mammals by looking at the type of fatty acids contained within their cell membranes. • The study found, “The degree of unsaturation of tissue fatty acids also correlates inversely with maximum longevity.” (Barja G, et al. 2004) • “Animals that naturally have a relatively low level of highly unsaturated fats in their tissues have the greatest longevity.” - Dr. Raymond Peat, PhD The Key to Maximum Longevity Cell Membranes of Naked Mole Rats • A 2006 study investigated tissue phospholipids in mice compared to naked mole rats. • “Both species had similar amounts of membrane total unsaturated fatty acids, however, mice had 9 times more decosahexaenoic acid (DHA).” • “Because this n-3 PUFA is more susceptible to lipid peroxidation, mole rat membranes are substantially more resistant to oxidative stress than are mice membranes.” (Hulbert AJ, et al. 2006) “DHA-containing phospholipids represent 27-57% of all phospholipids in mice but only 2-6% in naked mole-rats.” (Mitchell TW, et al. 2007)
  • 16. Study Shocks Researchers Synopsis: In 2010, Researchers at the College of Staten Island in New York re-created the environmental conditions of a naked mole-rat burrow (lower oxygen and increased carbon dioxide) in their laboratory and examined its effects on naked mole rat activity levels, memory and social interaction. Hypothesis: They hypothesized that the environment would have a negative impact on the activity, memory and social interaction of the rats. Results: When the rats were put into an environment of decreased oxygen (“hypoxic”) and increased carbon dioxide (“hypercapnic”)…
  • 17. They became more social They had significantly improved memory scores Their overall movements increased by 76.8% (Berkovits R. et al, 2017) Conclusion: “Results did not support the original hypothesis that activity, memory and social interaction levels would decrease under hypercapnic hypoxia.”
  • 19. How to Support my work Handheld device Bodylight Mini Full Bodylight EndAllDisease.com/store visit
  • 20. order my books Red Light Therapy: Miracle Medicine The Cancer Industry Cancer: The Metabolic Disease Unravelled EndAllDisease.com/books visit
  • 21. Check out the Show Notes For the show notes and to sign up to our mailinglist, Go to:
  • 22. References • Edrey YH, park TJ, kang H, biney A, buffenstein R. Endocrine function and neurobiology of the longest-living rodent, the naked mole-rat. Exp gerontol. 2011;46(2-3):116-23. • Smith ES, omerbašić D, lechner SG, anirudhan G, lapatsina L, lewin GR. The molecular basis of acid insensitivity in the african naked mole-rat. Science. 2011;334(6062):1557-60. • Larson J, park TJ. Extreme hypoxia tolerance of naked mole-rat brain. Neuroreport. 2009;20(18):1634-7. • Liang S, mele J, wu Y, buffenstein R, hornsby PJ. Resistance to experimental tumorigenesis in cells of a long-lived mammal, the naked mole-rat (heterocephalus glaber). Aging cell. 2010;9(4):626-35. • Buffenstein R. The naked mole-rat: a new long-living model for human aging research. J gerontol A biol sci med sci. 2005;60(11):1369-77. • O'connor tp, lee a, jarvis ju, buffenstein r. Prolonged longevity in naked mole-rats: age-related changes in metabolism, body composition and gastrointestinal function. Comp biochem physiol, part A mol integr physiol. 2002;133(3):835-42. • Csiszar A, labinskyy N, orosz Z, xiangmin Z, buffenstein R, ungvari Z. Vascular aging in the longest-living rodent, the naked mole rat. Am J physiol heart circ physiol. 2007;293(2):h919-27. • Orr ME, Garbarino VR, Salinas A, Buffenstein R. Extended postnatal brain development in the longest-lived rodent: prolonged maintenance of neotenous traits in the naked mole-rat brain. Front Neurosci. 2016;10:504. • Gorbunova V, Seluanov A, Zhang Z, Gladyshev VN, Vijg J. Comparative genetics of longevity and cancer: insights from long-lived rodents. Nat Rev Genet. 2014;15:531–540. • Delaney MA, Ward JM, Walsh TF, Chinnadurai SK, Kerns K, Kinsel MJ, Treuting PM (May 2016). "Initial Case Reports of Cancer in Naked Mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber)". Veterinary Pathology. 53 (3): 691–6. • Ruby JG, Smith M, Buffenstein R. Naked Mole-Rat mortality rates defy gompertzian laws by not increasing with age. Elife. 2018;7. • Lewis KN, mele J, hornsby PJ, buffenstein R. Stress resistance in the naked mole-rat: the bare essentials - a mini-review. Gerontology. 2012;58(5):453-62. • Kim eb, fang x, fushan aa, et al. Genome sequencing reveals insights into physiology and longevity of the naked mole rat. Nature. 2011;479(7372):223-7. • Lewis kn, andziak b, yang t, buffenstein r. The naked mole-rat response to oxidative stress: just deal with it. Antioxid redox signal. 2013;19(12):1388-99. • Shams I, avivi A, nevo E. Oxygen and carbon dioxide fluctuations in burrows of subterranean blind mole rats indicate tolerance to hypoxic- hypercapnic stresses. Comp biochem physiol, part A mol integr physiol. 2005;142(3):376-82. • Berkovits R, boffa N, deluca V. The effects of hypercapnic hypoxia on naked mole rat activity levels, memory, and social interaction. 2010. Available: https://macaulay.Cuny.Edu/eportfolios/newyorkcityonthebrain/files/2010/12/nmr-poster.Pdf [february 15, 2017]. • Barja G. Free radicals and aging. Trends Neurosci. 2004;27(10):595-600. • Mitchell TW, Buffenstein R, Hulbert AJ. Membrane phospholipid composition may contribute to exceptional longevity of the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber): a comparative study using shotgun lipidomics. Exp Gerontol. 2007;42(11):1053-62. • Hulbert AJ, Faulks SC, Buffenstein R. Oxidation-resistant membrane phospholipids can explain longevity differences among the longest- living rodents and similarly-sized mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61(10):1009-18.