Mammary system, Milk Synthesis, Milk Let-down & Milking
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The document summarizes key aspects of the mammary system, milk synthesis, milk let-down, and milking in dairy animals. It describes the anatomy of the mammary gland and how it consists of lobules, alveoli, and lactiferous ducts. It explains the processes by which milk precursors are transported from blood and synthesized within epithelial cells, including the formation of proteins, lactose, and milk fat. It discusses factors that influence milk let-down such as tactile stimulation and oxytocin response. Finally, it provides an overview of hand milking and machine milking techniques.
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Mammary system, Milk Synthesis, Milk Let-down & Milking
- 1. Dr Muhammad Ashiq Toor DVM , B s c (Zoology) Islamia University of Bahawal Pur (IUB) (2010 – 2015) +92-344-499-7375 +92-300-364-2402 Mammary system, Milk Synthesis, Milk Let-down & Milking
- 2. Mammary System The mammary gland is a modified sweat gland. It consists of the mamma and teat. Due to presence of mammary glands animal are called mammal Mamma Teat
- 3. Udder Mamma + Teat Lobules Alveoli Lobes Lactiferous Duct Lactiferous sinus (milk sinus) Gland sinus + Teat sinus Teat sinus Papillary Duct (Teat canals) Ostium (Teat Opening) Sphincter
- 4. Suspensory Apparatus Lateral lamina: Consists of collagen fibers from the fascia of the pubic symphysis and the edge of the superficial inguinal ring. Medial lamina: Consists of elastic fibers from the tunica flava ventral to the pubic symphysis. Intermammary groove: It divides the left and right rows of mamma.
- 9. Milk synthesis processes The precursors of milk components leave the blood and enter the extracellular fluid between the capillaries and the epithelial cells. Amino acids to proteins Micelle
- 10. Glucose to lactose: Glucose enters the cell Some glucose is converted to galactos. Both glucose and galactose enter the Golgi and enter into a reaction resulting in formation of lactose.
- 11. Milk fat precursors to milk fat Acetate and ß-hydroxybutyrate are important precursors of fatty acid , preformed fatty acids, glycerol, and monoacylglycerides are absorbed Milk fat triglyceridesare synthesized on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)and form small droplets.
- 12. Transport of Milk Components Not Synthesized in the Epithelial Cells: Immunoglobulins serum albumin
- 14. Milk Let-down The mechanism of secretion of milk from alveoli and collection of milk in milk sinus Milk let-down It is controlled by unconditioned factors, most notably the response to tactile stimuli provided by a calf rubbing the udder or teat when suckling, or a similar stimulus provided by the milker In stress adrenalin release (as a response to stress) which can counter the effect of oxytocin.
- 16. Heat Unfavorable climate Sudden Loud Voice/Noise Stage of lactation Breed Time of lactation Feeding Factor Effecting Milk Let-down
- 17. Milking Removal of milk from udder after let- down a) Hand milking b) Machine milking
- 18. Hand milking milked from left side. Starts milking teats either cross wise or fore quarters together and then hind quarters together or teats appearing most distended
- 21. It opens the streak canal through the use of a partial vacuum, allowing the milk to flow out of the teat cistern through a line to a receiving container. It massages the teat, which prevents congestion of blood and lymph in the teat. Machine Milking Milking machine •A calf and the machine- similar fashion •Tongue, Dental pallet and jaw movement of the calf by the inflation tube, pulsator and vacuum pump. •352mm Hg- Cattle •400mm Hg in Buffaloes
- 23. If have you any than you can ask otherwise