Meiosis glencoe
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Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes, such as sperm and egg cells, which have half the number of chromosomes as regular body cells. Meiosis involves two cell divisions, resulting in four haploid cells from one original diploid cell. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate and migrate to opposite sides of the cell. Meiosis II then separates the sister chromatids. This ensures genetic variation between gametes and allows for genetic recombination during fertilization.
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Meiosis glencoe
- 1. Meiosis Chapter 10.1 and 11.3
- 2. Do Now How is a baby made? On the cellular level, draw how a baby is made. (NO PHALLIC SYMBOLS PLEASE!)
- 3. Why does sex exist? Sexual reproduction creates genetic variability
- 4. Let’s Brainstorm… How do we get our different traits?
- 5. What is the difference between fraternal and identical twins?
- 6. Do Now What is mitosis? What is meiosis? List 2 differences between the two?
- 7. Let’s define the following words… Meiosis: Sexual Gamete: Sex reproduction-production of gametes Cells (egg and sperm) haploid Somatic Cells: Body Cells - diploid
- 8. Haploid: Half the chromosome number (n) 1 of each pair of chromosomes (23) Diploid: 2 of each type of chromosome (2n) Twice the haploid number Fertilization: Sperm enters egg Zygote: Fertilized egg (diploid)
- 9. Chromosomes and Chromosome Number Human body cells have 46 chromosomes Each parent contributes 23 chromosomes Homologous chromosomes —one of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent
- 10. Karyotype
- 11. Homologous Chromosomes Same length Same centromere position Carry genes that control the same inherited traits
- 13. Meiosis The sexual life cycle in animals involves meiosis Meiosis produces gametes. When gametes combine in fertilization, the number of chromosomes is restored.
- 16. Do Now Label A, B, and C (Hint same size, same shape…)
- 17. Meiosis 2 Division Meiosis I (separation of homologous chromosomes) Meiosis II (separation of sister chromatids)
- 18. Interphase Same as Mitosis (G1, S, G2) DNA- Chromatin Centrioles- located near the nucleus
- 19. Prophase I Pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs. (Synapsis) Each chromosome consists of two chromatids. The nuclear envelope breaks down. Spindles form
- 20. Prophase I (cont.) Crossing over produces exchange of genetic information. Crossing over —chromosomal segments are exchanged between a pair of homologous chromosomes.
- 21. Metaphase I Chromosome centromeres attach to spindle fibers Homologous chromosomes line up at the equator.
- 22. Anaphase I Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles
- 23. Telophase I The spindles break down. Chromosomes uncoil and form two nuclei. The cell divides.
- 24. Prophase II A second set of phases begins as the spindle apparatus forms and the chromosomes condense.
- 25. Metaphase II A haploid number of chromosomes line of at the equator Sister chromatids line up
- 26. Anaphase II The sister chromatids are pulled apart at the centromere by spindle fibers Move toward the opposite poles of the cell.
- 27. Telophase II The chromosomes reach the poles, and the nuclear membrane and nuclei reform.
- 28. Cytokinesis Cytokinesis results in four haploid cells Each with n number of chromosomes.
- 31. Do Now: Label the phases of meiosis
- 32. Genetic Variability Depending on how the chromosomes line up at the equator, four gametes with four different combinations of chromosomes can result (independent assortment). Genetic variation also is produced during crossing over Random fertilization.
- 34. Review Spermatogenesis and oogenesis
- 37. Think – Pair - Share Draw out the stages of meiosis using the following cell. Make sure you draw the cell with crossing over of only one pair of homologous chromosomes! (use colored pencils)
- 38. Do Now – Period 3 How many autosomes? How many sex chromosomes? What is the sex of this patient? Monosomy, Trisomy? Is this individual normal?
- 39. Do Now Match the description to the phase of meiosis. 1. Sister Chromatids are pulled apart. _____ A. Prophase I 2. Homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell._____ B. Metaphase I 3. 2 daughter cells are formed ____ C. Telophase I 4. Nuclear membrane disappears__ D. Anaphase II 5. Nuclear membrane reforms around 4 cells ____ E. Anaphase I 6. Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart ____ F. Telophase II
- 40. Review How does meiosis promote genetic variability? List 3 reasons why.
- 41. THINK – PAIR - SHARE If a hamster has 44 chromosomes in G1 phase of the cell cycle, then… How many chromatids are in G2 Phase? How many chromosomes are in the G2 Phase? How many chromosomes will be in each cell after it has gone through mitosis?
- 42. Do Now What two divisions do your cells undergo? What are the differences between the two?