This document discusses metabolic syndrome, including its history, criteria for diagnosis, epidemiology, risk factors, complications, etiology, and prevention. Metabolic syndrome is defined as a cluster of conditions that occur together, including increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol levels. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high worldwide and increasing, with risk factors including older age, female gender, obesity, physical inactivity, and genetic factors. Complications of metabolic syndrome include increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Prevention focuses on lifestyle changes like healthy diet, exercise, and weight management.
12. Epidemiology
International Burden
• U.S. prevalence adults (22% - 34.6%) [IDF 2006]
• Sweden prevalence (24% m &19% f)[IDF 2007]
• India prevalence of (19.52%) [ATPIII 2010]
12
20. Epidemiology
Situation in Qatar
• Overall prevalence of
among obese patients was
46.3%.
• [IDF/ 2010]
• The prevalence was higher
in females (50%) than in
males (42.4%).
20
21. Epidemiology
Situation in Qatar
• Overall prevalence 3.0% in
children aged 6–12 years.
• The prevalence 9.5% in
overweight and obese subjects.
• Increased TG frequent
abnormality (28.4%) .
• Low HDL-C (19.4%) .
21
22. Where Can You Find
The Highest Metabolic
Syndrome ….?
22
25. Epidemiology
Risk Factors
• Age.
• More than 40% of
individuals 60 years.
• Gender.
• Increasing prevalence
among women.
• Race.
• African American and
Mexican American
populations.
25
38. References :
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Study in Americans:
Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings
from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.J Am Med Assoc 2002;287(3):356–
9.
Maggi S, Noale M, Gallina P, et al. Metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in an
elderly Caucasian cohort: the Italian longitudinal study on aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
2006;61(5):505–10.
Patel A, Huang KC, Janus ED, et al. Is a single definition of the metabolic syndrome appropriate? A
comparative study of the USA and Asia. Atherosclerosis 2006;184(1):225–32.
Study in Sweden:
Halldina M, Rosella M, de Fairea U, et al. The metabolic syndrome: prevalence and association to
leisure-time and work-related physical activity in 60-year-old men and women. Nutr Metab
Cardiovasc Dis 2007;17(5):349–57.
Study in Saudi Arabia:
Bahijri SM, Al Raddadi RM. The importance of local criteria in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome
in Saudi Arabia. Saudi: Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab; 2013;4(2) 51–59. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3632005/pdf/10.1177_2042018813483165.pdf
38
39. References :
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Study in India:
Sawant A, Mankeshwar R, Shah S, Raghavan R, Dhongde G, Raje H, et al. Prevalence of Metabolic
Syndrome in Urban India. India: Hindawi Publishing Corporation; 2011. Available
from:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3114375/pdf/CHOL2011-920983.pdf
South Asian Countries:
P. Nestel, R. Lyu, P. L. Lip et al., “Metabolic syndrome: recent prevalence in East and Southeast
Asian populations,” Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 362–367, 2007.
D. Eapen, G. L. Kalra, N. Merchant, A. Arora, and B. V. Khan, “Metabolic syndrome and
cardiovascular disease in South Asians,” Vascular Health and RiskManagement, vol. 5, pp. 731–743,
2009.
Jordan Study:
Yasein N, Masa'd D. Metabolic syndrome in family practice in Jordan: a study of high-risk groups.
Jordan: East Mediterr Health J; 2011 Dec;17(12):943-8.
39