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Types of Mountains

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kzoe1996

This document discusses different types of mountains including volcanic, fault-block, folded, and dome mountains. Volcanic mountains form from magma erupting at the surface, building up layers of ash and lava. Folded mountains like the Himalayas and Andes form from tectonic plate collisions that cause the earth's crust to fold upwards. Fault-block mountains form when faults in the crust force rock blocks upwards. Dome mountains form when magma pushes up rock layers into a dome shape without erupting. Examples of each type are provided.

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Types of Mountains
TYPES OF MOUNTAINS  Volcanic: Shield and composite; magma rises from asthenosphere and breaks through the surface of Earth  Fault-block: normal faulting and tension  Folded: reverse faults and compression  Dome: Magma rises through the mantle but does not break through the surface.
Fold Mountains  Fold mountains are the most common type of mountain. The world’s largest mountain ranges are fold mountains. These ranges were formed over millions of years.  Fold mountains are formed when two plates collide head on, and their edges crumbled, much the same way as a piece of paper folds when pushed together.  The upward folds are known as anticlines, and the downward folds are synclines.
Fold Mountains
Examples of fold mountains  Himalayan Mountains in Asia  the Alps in Europe  the Andes in South America  the Rockies in North America  the Urals in Russia  The Himalayan Mountains were formed when India crashed into Asia and pushed up the tallest mountain range on the continents.  In South America, the Andes Mountains were formed by the collision of the South American continental plate and the oceanic Pacific plate.
Fault-Block  These mountains form when faults or cracks in the earth's crust force some materials or blocks of rock up and others down.  Instead of the earth folding over, the earth's crust fractures (pulls apart). It breaks up into blocks or chunks. Sometimes these blocks of rock move up and down, as they move apart and blocks of rock end up being stacked on one another.  Often fault-block mountains have a steep front side and a sloping back side.
Fault-Block
Examples of fault-block mountains  The Sierra Nevada mountains in North America  The Harz Mountains in Germany
Dome  Dome mountains are the result of a great amount of melted rock (magma) pushing its way up under the earth crust.  Without actually erupting onto the surface, the magma pushes up overlaying rock layers. At some point, the magma cools and forms hardened rock. The uplifted area created by rising magma is called a dome because of looking like the top half of a sphere (ball). The rock layers over the hardened magma are warped upward to form the dome. But the rock layers of the surrounding area remain flat.  As the dome is higher than its surroundings, erosion by wind and rain occurs from the top. This results in a circular mountain range.  Domes that have been worn away in places form many separate peaks called Dome Mountains.
Dome Mountains
Volcanic Mountains  Volcanic Mountains are formed when molten rock (magma) deep within the earth, erupts, and piles upon the surface.  Magma is called lava when it breaks through the earth's crust.  When the ash and lava cools, it builds a cone of rock.  Rock and lava pile up, layer on top of layer.
Types of Mountains
Examples of volcanic mountains  Mount St. Helens in North America  Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines  Mount Kea and Mount Loa in Hawaii
Quiz (¼ sheet of paper) True or False 1.) Stress is a force acting on rock. Enumeration 2-3.) Types of Deformation Identification 4.) The point beneath the surface where the rocks break and move.
5.) Who studies earthquakes? 6.) What is commonly used to calculate the strength of an earthquake? 7.) A melted rock that is found above the earth’s surface. 8.) What is a type of volcano that has been known to erupt within modern times but is now inactive?
9.) When the ash and lava cools, it builds a ___________. 10.) A type of mountain that are the most common and the world’s largest mountain ranges. Essay (5 pts.) •Discuss what you have learned. - END -

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Types of Mountains

  • 2. TYPES OF MOUNTAINS  Volcanic: Shield and composite; magma rises from asthenosphere and breaks through the surface of Earth  Fault-block: normal faulting and tension  Folded: reverse faults and compression  Dome: Magma rises through the mantle but does not break through the surface.
  • 3. Fold Mountains  Fold mountains are the most common type of mountain. The world’s largest mountain ranges are fold mountains. These ranges were formed over millions of years.  Fold mountains are formed when two plates collide head on, and their edges crumbled, much the same way as a piece of paper folds when pushed together.  The upward folds are known as anticlines, and the downward folds are synclines.
  • 5. Examples of fold mountains  Himalayan Mountains in Asia  the Alps in Europe  the Andes in South America  the Rockies in North America  the Urals in Russia  The Himalayan Mountains were formed when India crashed into Asia and pushed up the tallest mountain range on the continents.  In South America, the Andes Mountains were formed by the collision of the South American continental plate and the oceanic Pacific plate.
  • 6. Fault-Block  These mountains form when faults or cracks in the earth's crust force some materials or blocks of rock up and others down.  Instead of the earth folding over, the earth's crust fractures (pulls apart). It breaks up into blocks or chunks. Sometimes these blocks of rock move up and down, as they move apart and blocks of rock end up being stacked on one another.  Often fault-block mountains have a steep front side and a sloping back side.
  • 8. Examples of fault-block mountains  The Sierra Nevada mountains in North America  The Harz Mountains in Germany
  • 9. Dome  Dome mountains are the result of a great amount of melted rock (magma) pushing its way up under the earth crust.  Without actually erupting onto the surface, the magma pushes up overlaying rock layers. At some point, the magma cools and forms hardened rock. The uplifted area created by rising magma is called a dome because of looking like the top half of a sphere (ball). The rock layers over the hardened magma are warped upward to form the dome. But the rock layers of the surrounding area remain flat.  As the dome is higher than its surroundings, erosion by wind and rain occurs from the top. This results in a circular mountain range.  Domes that have been worn away in places form many separate peaks called Dome Mountains.
  • 11. Volcanic Mountains  Volcanic Mountains are formed when molten rock (magma) deep within the earth, erupts, and piles upon the surface.  Magma is called lava when it breaks through the earth's crust.  When the ash and lava cools, it builds a cone of rock.  Rock and lava pile up, layer on top of layer.
  • 13. Examples of volcanic mountains  Mount St. Helens in North America  Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines  Mount Kea and Mount Loa in Hawaii
  • 14. Quiz (¼ sheet of paper) True or False 1.) Stress is a force acting on rock. Enumeration 2-3.) Types of Deformation Identification 4.) The point beneath the surface where the rocks break and move.
  • 15. 5.) Who studies earthquakes? 6.) What is commonly used to calculate the strength of an earthquake? 7.) A melted rock that is found above the earth’s surface. 8.) What is a type of volcano that has been known to erupt within modern times but is now inactive?
  • 16. 9.) When the ash and lava cools, it builds a ___________. 10.) A type of mountain that are the most common and the world’s largest mountain ranges. Essay (5 pts.) •Discuss what you have learned. - END -