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Mughal Empire ppt.ppt

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The Mughal Empire ruled India from 1526 to 1761. It was founded by Babur, a descendant of both Timur and Genghis Khan. Under Akbar the Great, the empire expanded to control all of India. Akbar promoted religious tolerance between Hindus and Muslims. The Mughals lacked a strong navy and relied on European trading ships for military support. Over time, the empire declined due to its inability to keep up with advances in military technology and economic changes, as well as internal conflicts and heavy taxation. Islam also spread throughout parts of East Africa and Southeast Asia during this period, establishing new sultanates and encounters with European colonial powers.

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The Mughal Empire (1526-1761)
A. Foundations 1. Muslim sultans reigned over largely Hindu population of India 2. founder: Babur (1483-1530) was a descendent of the Mongol ruler Timur (“Mughal” is Persian for “Mongol”) 3. Akbar “the Great” expanded empire to all of India –promoted Hindu-Muslim coexistence (married a Hindu princess) –wealthy due to cotton trade
B. Military & Politics 1. Mughals lacked a powerful navy 2. used Dutch & English trade ships for military support in exchange for trade privileges 3. rajputs: Hindu princes who held positions of power in Mughal government
Taj Mahal: architectural example of the blending of Hindu and Muslim culture
C. Society & Religion 1. Lower social castes converted to Islam 2. Sikhism: blended Hindu & Muslim beliefs –an “army of the pure” (didn’t cut hair, wore turbans, bracelets, and carried a sword to prove devotion)
Mughal Empire ppt.ppt
D. Decline of “Gunpowder” Empires 1. All three Muslim empires: collapsed due to their inability to adjust to complex changes in military technology & the global economy 2. too much taxation for warfare 3. internal conflict
4. fell behind Europe in invention & sciences 5. European advantages: – ship design, use of cannons on ships – joint-stock companies in new global financial system
IV. Islam in E. Africa & S.E. Asia
A. Swahili Coast 1. “sawahil”: Arabic for coast 2. Swahili: pidgin trade language made up of a mixture of Bantu speakers, Arabic, Persian, Portuguese 3. during 1600s Portuguese lose much of Swahili Coast & Arabian entrepots – keep Mozambique (E. Africa), Goa (India), Macao/Timor (S.E. Asia)
B. East Indies 1. Islam spread rapidly in S.E. Asia in the 1300’s 2. Acheh Sultanate adopts Islam in 1600s - Dutch seize Strait of Malacca from Portugal in 1641 3. Resistance to Portuguese, Spanish, & Dutch by Muslims - “Moros” in the Phillipines - largest Muslim country today: Indonesia
MOROS (Philippines) ACHEH SULTANATE (Malacca)
Mughal Empire ppt.ppt

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Mughal Empire ppt.ppt

  • 1. The Mughal Empire (1526-1761)
  • 2. A. Foundations 1. Muslim sultans reigned over largely Hindu population of India 2. founder: Babur (1483-1530) was a descendent of the Mongol ruler Timur (“Mughal” is Persian for “Mongol”) 3. Akbar “the Great” expanded empire to all of India –promoted Hindu-Muslim coexistence (married a Hindu princess) –wealthy due to cotton trade
  • 3. B. Military & Politics 1. Mughals lacked a powerful navy 2. used Dutch & English trade ships for military support in exchange for trade privileges 3. rajputs: Hindu princes who held positions of power in Mughal government
  • 4. Taj Mahal: architectural example of the blending of Hindu and Muslim culture
  • 5. C. Society & Religion 1. Lower social castes converted to Islam 2. Sikhism: blended Hindu & Muslim beliefs –an “army of the pure” (didn’t cut hair, wore turbans, bracelets, and carried a sword to prove devotion)
  • 7. D. Decline of “Gunpowder” Empires 1. All three Muslim empires: collapsed due to their inability to adjust to complex changes in military technology & the global economy 2. too much taxation for warfare 3. internal conflict
  • 8. 4. fell behind Europe in invention & sciences 5. European advantages: – ship design, use of cannons on ships – joint-stock companies in new global financial system
  • 9. IV. Islam in E. Africa & S.E. Asia
  • 10. A. Swahili Coast 1. “sawahil”: Arabic for coast 2. Swahili: pidgin trade language made up of a mixture of Bantu speakers, Arabic, Persian, Portuguese 3. during 1600s Portuguese lose much of Swahili Coast & Arabian entrepots – keep Mozambique (E. Africa), Goa (India), Macao/Timor (S.E. Asia)
  • 11. B. East Indies 1. Islam spread rapidly in S.E. Asia in the 1300’s 2. Acheh Sultanate adopts Islam in 1600s - Dutch seize Strait of Malacca from Portugal in 1641 3. Resistance to Portuguese, Spanish, & Dutch by Muslims - “Moros” in the Phillipines - largest Muslim country today: Indonesia