WHAT IS SECURITY?
 Dictionary.com says -:
 Freedom from RISK or DANGER is SECURITY

RISK -: potential to create a LOSS is known as RISK…

DANGER -: a source of RISK is DANGER

If we correlate these two, it gives-:
“ a source which has the potential to create a LOSS”

Security is the criteria of minimizing the RISK and
removing the DANGER.

NETWORK SECURITY

 Security management for NETWORKS is known as
Network Security…

What are NETWORKS???
 network, is a collection of hardware components and
computers interconnected by communication channels
that allow sharing of resources and information…

To secure our resources and information from illegal,
unauthorized access, we need an efficient management
for networks which is often known as NETWORK
SECURITY…

NEED FOR NETWORK SECURITY

To ensure that -:

 information on a network remains SECURED
 information we passed should not be LOST

 the information should not be DELAYED

 hackers and crackers do not access your
information

NEED FOR NETWORK SECURITY

6
Spoofing

HACKERS VS. CRACKERS
 Hacker { white hats } are the programmers that
break the NETWORK SECURITY for fruitful
purposes like for identifying security holes,
tracking suspicious CRACKER’s…

whereas,,,,,

 Cracker { black hats } are the programmers
that also break the NETWORK SECURITY
but for evil purposes like stealing account
details, login information's and infecting
different NETWORK’s…

WHO IS VULNERABLE?

 Financial institutions and banks
 Internet service providers

 Pharmaceutical companies

 Government and defense agencies

 Contractors to various government agencies

 Multinational corporations

 Bottom line is-:

“ANYONE ON THE NETWORK IS
VULNEABLE”

COMMON SECURITY ATTACKS AND
COUNTERMEASURES

 Spoofing {IP Spoofing}
 Sniffing

 Hijacking {man-in-middle attacks}

 Trojans

 DoS/DDoS Attacks

 Social Engineering

OVERVIEW OF IP SPOOFING

 First Attack-: 1980’s

 Done By-: Robert Morris

 Major Types-: Blind and Non-Blind Attacks

 Victim-: Unsecured and Static IP Addresses

IP SPOOFING
 Spoofing is the creation
of TCP/IP packets using
somebody else's IP
address. Routers use
the "destination IP"
address in order to
forward packets through
the Internet, but ignore
the "source IP" address.
That address is only used
by the destination
machine when it
responds back to the
source.
SSH > SECURE SHELL

SPOOFING COUNTERMEASURES

The countermeasure for spoofing is ingress
filtering. Routers that perform ingress filtering
check the IP address of incoming packets. If
the source address is not in the valid
range, then such packets will be discarded.

SNIFFING
 Packet sniffing is the
interception of data
packets traversing a
network. A sniffer
program works at the
Ethernet layer in
combination with network
interface cards (NIC) to
capture all traffic traveling
to and from internet host
site. There are dozens of
freely available packet
sniffer programs on the
internet. The more
sophisticated ones allow
more active intrusion.

SNIFFING COUNTERMEASURES
Sniffing can be detected two ways:

 Host-based : Software commands exist that can
be run on individual host machines to tell if the NIC
is running in promiscuous mode.
 Network-based : Solutions tend to check for the
presence of running processes and log files, which
sniffer programs consume a lot of. However,
sophisticated intruders almost always hide their
tracks by disguising the process and cleaning up
the log files.

OVERVIEW OF SESSION HIJACKING

 First Attack-: 2001

 Major Victims-: Any one on the Network which has
cookies enabled…

 Major Types-: Active and Passive Attacks

 It’s the most DANGEROUS and MALLICIOUS
attack in today’s scenario of NETWORKING

SESSION HIJACKING {MAN-IN MIDDLE}
COUNTERMEASURES

 This is a technique that
takes advantage of a
weakness in the TCP/IP
protocol. Hijacking occurs
when someone between
you and the person with
whom you are
communicating is actively
monitoring, capturing,
and controlling your
communication
transparently.

Next Page…

SESSION HIJACKING {MAN-IN MIDDLE}
 Man-in-middle attacks
are like someone
assuming your identity
in order to read your
message. The person
on the other end might
believe it is
you, because the
attacker might be
actively replying as
you, to keep the
exchange going and
gain more information.

SESSION HIJACKING
{MAN-IN MIDDLE}
COUNTERMEASURES

Countermeasures to help prevent session hijacking
include:

 Use encrypted session negotiation.

 Use encrypted communication channels.

 Stay informed of platform patches to fix
TCP/IP vulnerabilities, such as predictable
packet sequences.

OVERVIEW OF TROJAN’S

 First Trojan-: 1975, Pervading Animal

 Who Coded It-: John Walker

 Major Victims-: Banking, Business etc…

 Major Examples-: big wooden horse, JESUS etc…

 Have The Potential To Destroy Any System except
UNIX one

TROJANS
 These are programs that
look like ordinary software,
but actually perform
unintended or malicious
actions behind the scenes
when launched. Most
remote control spyware
programs are of this type.
The number of Trojan
techniques are only limited
by the attacker's
imagination. A Torjanizes file
will look, operate, and
appear to be the same size
as the compromised system
file.

TROJANS COUNTERMEASURES

 The only protection is early use of a cryptographic
checksum or binary digital signature procedure.

OVERVIEW OF DOS/DDOS ATTACKS

 First Attack-: 1974 in PLATO System Laboratory

 Who Done It-: A System Admin of PLATO

 Major Victims-: Yahoo! , Hotmail, Twitter etc…

 Most Devastating DoS Attack-: “Ping of DEATH”

 Have The Potential To Destroy Any Network EVEN
TODAY

DOS/DDOS {DENIAL OF SERVICE}
 Denial of Service attack
on a network is designed
to bring the network to its
knees by flooding it with
useless traffic. Denial of
Service can result when
a system, such as a Web
server, has been flooded
with illegitimate requests,
thus making it impossible
to respond to real
requests or task. Yahoo!
and e-bay were both
victims of such attacks in
February 2000.

There are three basic types
of attack….

 Consumption of
computational resources,
such as band width, disk
space or CPU time.

 Disruption of configuration
information, such as routing
information.

 Disruption of physical
network components.

COUNTERMEASURES

SOCIAL ENGINEERING
Social Engineering Involves…

 Faked Email : The social engineer sends a message to
one or more users in a domain that "this is the system
administrator and your password must be reset to user
123 " for a temporary period of time. The hacker then
continuously monitors for the change and then exploits
the whole system.

 Fictitious Competition : The social engineer
manipulates a group of users to participate in some fake
competition for a jackpot prize, with the ultimate purpose
of eventually extracting confidential information about
network and password security.

SOCIAL ENGINEERING
COUNTERMEASURES
 There aren’t always solutions to all of these
problems
 Humans will continue to be tricked into giving out
information they shouldn’t
 Educating them may help a little here, but, depending on
how bad you want the information, there are a lot of bad
things you can do to get it.

 So, the best that can be done is to implement a
wide variety of solutions and more closely monitor
who has access to what network resources and
information
NOTE: But, this solution is still not perfect

CONCLUSION

 The Internet works only because we implicitly
trust one another

 It is very easy to exploit this trust

 The same holds true for software

 Itis important to stay on top of the latest CERT
security advisories to know how to patch any
security holes

PRESENTED BY -:

 The Terminator {Pushkar}
 The Obedient {Nikhil}

 Mrs. Cheerful (Niyati)

 Mrs. Silence (Sonia)

 Mr. X {Puneet}

THANK YOU SO VERY MUCH, FOR
BEING SO PATIENT…

Network Security

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