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Open Access in Europe

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Jean-François Dechamp
Jean-François Dechamp

The document discusses the European Commission's policies and actions regarding open access to scientific publications and research data. It outlines the EC's role in promoting open access through its research funding programs and infrastructure support. It also describes surveys conducted and policy developments being considered to further open access goals in Europe, including recommendations to member states and policies for the upcoming Horizon 2020 research program.

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Jean-François Dechamp Open Access Policy Officer European Commission, Directorate-General for Research & Innovation Berlin 9 - The impact of open access in research and scholarship Howard Hughes Medical Institute Washington, DC, 9-10 November 2011 The worldwide policy environment Open Access in Europe
Outline The European Union and access to scientific knowledge Open Access in Europe What next on the policy agenda?
The European Commission is a... Policy maker Launches/accompanies policy debates Invites Member States to take action Proposes EU legislation (hard/soft) Other institutions: Parliament, Council... Funding agency Research & Innovation (FP7) Sets access and dissemination rules for funded research (Infra)structure funder and capacity builder E.g. pan-European Open Data Portal Supports networking activities
Two Commissioners Vice-President Neelie Kroes Digital Agenda Digital single market Commissioner Máire Geoghegan-Quinn Research & Innovation European Research Area (ERA) & Innovation Union
Digital Agenda Communication from the Commission ‘ A Digital Agenda for Europe ’ Speed up the roll-out of high-speed internet Reach the benefits of a digital single market Driving ICT innovation by exploiting the single market: “ […] publicly funded research should be widely disseminated through open access publication of scientific data and papers”; “ […] the Commission will appropriately extend current open access publication requirements […]”.
European Research Area ERA Framework in progress A Europe-wide space or ‘single market’ for research and innovation Incl. knowledge circulation: Free movement of knowledge Clear principles/rules regarding: The management of intellectual property resulting from publicly funded research Access to, and dissemination & preservation of publications and research data resulting from publicly funded research
Innovation Union Communication from the Commission ‘ Innovation Union ’ Improve conditions & access for research and innovation Delivering the ERA: “ [...] The Commission will propose a European Research Area framework [and] seek to ensure […] dissemination, transfer and use of research results, including through open access to publications and data from publicly funded research ” Promoting openness: “ The Commission will promote open access to the results of publicly funded research. It will aim to make open access to publications the general principle for projects funded by the EU research Framework Programmes […]”.
Why does the EC care about open access? Serve science and research Avoid duplication of research, i ncrease us & re-use of information, s peed up progress by improved access & dissemination Give equal access for all researchers and institutions Benefit innovation Enabling knowledge transfer to industry, including SMEs Improve return on investment in R&D Free access to results funded by tax payers’ money Access for NGOs and citizens Drive down costs for dissemination
Outline The European Union and access to scientific knowledge Open Access in Europe What next on the policy agenda?
1. The EC as a funding body (FP7) OA publishing costs are covered in FP7 New since the beginning of FP7 & for all projects Limited to duration of project OA Pilot in FP7 20% of total FP7 budget (2007-2013) 7 areas (>850 projects to date) Self-archiving & ‘Best effort to provide OA’ mandate Embargo (6/12 months) EU-funded portal OpenAIRE Support for technical implementation Helpdesk & contact points Technical infrastructure of digital repositories Repository for homeless publications Survey (summer 2011) 194 answers/811 projects
Self-archiving Difficult or very difficult to understand legal issues regarding copyright and licenses to publish 60% of respondents with opinion Easy or very easy to find time or manpower to self-archive Majority of respondents with opinion Source: EC Survey (July-August 2011) awaiting publication
Gold open access >50% did not know the possibility Only 8 projects reported they used it For 72% of respondents, reimbursement of Gold OA is restricted by the fact that most publishing activities occur after the project end Source: EC Survey (July-August 2011) awaiting publication
Open access to data? Source: EC Survey (July-August 2011) awaiting publication Three quarters of respondents with opinion: agree or strongly agree
2. European countries Council Conclusions on ‘Scientific information in the digital age’ (2007) Invitation to the Member States to: Reinforce national strategies and structures Enhance co-ordination among Member States Ensure long-term preservation of scientific information 2009 & 2011: two questionnaires To take stock To actively engage national experts in the process To gain input for developing European level policies
Open access in Europe: main findings in 2011 Many valuable initiatives taking place ‘ There is much greater awareness about the significance of the issue, and a greater number of infrastructures to support dissemination of and access to scholarly material’ Most activities led by non-governmental actors Complex and dynamic process because provided and supported by a number of independant organisations A growing number of well developed activities, and a few more national strategies Policies on OA to publications still more advanced than on policies to research data Specific findings Agreements with publishers (growing trend) Incentives/practical support to researchers Many fast-growing initiatives that remain ‘islands’ at a national level Role for the EC/EU Source: Report on questionnaire to ERAC (2010-2011) awaiting publication
Outline The European Union and access to scientific knowledge Open Access in Europe What next on the policy agenda?
Main surveys & consultations 2011 Survey on OA in FP7 2011 Questionnaire to Member States Public consultation on scientific information in the digital age Closed (1140 answers & ~20 position papers) Analyse running Public consultation on obstacles to ERA deadline 30.11.2011 – section on knowledge circulation
No problem with OA? Individual researcher (39%), citizen (28%), university/research institute (8%),library (7%), publisher (6%), international organisation (4%) etc. Source: 2011 EC Public consultation (July-September 2011) awaiting publication
OA when public funds? Individual researcher (39%), citizen (28%), university/research institute (8%),library (7%), publisher (6%), international organisation (4%) etc. Source: 2011 EC Public consultation (July-September 2011) awaiting publication
Many questions to answer How to get authors to deposit? What role for (what) publishers? What funding (and where)? How to measure OA? How to reward an author for sharing? What about data (the ‘rising tide of data’)? ...
Why are 2011-2012 important years? Multi-annual budget 2014-2020 Post-2013 (FP7) research funding: Horizon 2020 Legislative proposal foreseen European Research Area Public consultation, legislative proposal foreseen Communication and Recommendation on scientific information in the digital age
European Commission (1/3) 2012 Communication & Recommendation on scientific information Communication : take stock of developments in the area & outline next steps the Commission will take Recommendation : outline what the EC expects from Member States in terms of access/management of publications/data, in particular policies in relation to OA Public Hearing: Luxembourg, 30 May 2011 Analysis of surveys and consultations Foreseen adoption: 1st quarter 2012
European Commission (2/3) Horizon 2020 (next FP) Make open access to publications the general principle for all projects Open up possibilities for data Put the open access mandate and associated policies into practice
European Commission (3/3) Building an e-infrastructure for data ” Our vision is a scientific e-infrastructure that supports seamless access, use, re-use, and trust of data.” “ My goal is to raise awareness of the opportunities represented by scientific data as well as setting out a plan for future developments.“ Partner, pilot & build infrastructures
Conclusion “ The question is no longer ‘if’ we should have open access. The question is about ‘how’ we should develop it further and promote it.” (N. Kroes, 02.12.2010 )
Pointers The EC and open access http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/open_access OpenAIRE www.openaire.eu Twitter Email jean- [email_address] @OpenAccessEC @NeelieKroesEU @ccbuhr

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Open Access in Europe

  • 1. Jean-François Dechamp Open Access Policy Officer European Commission, Directorate-General for Research & Innovation Berlin 9 - The impact of open access in research and scholarship Howard Hughes Medical Institute Washington, DC, 9-10 November 2011 The worldwide policy environment Open Access in Europe
  • 2. Outline The European Union and access to scientific knowledge Open Access in Europe What next on the policy agenda?
  • 3. The European Commission is a... Policy maker Launches/accompanies policy debates Invites Member States to take action Proposes EU legislation (hard/soft) Other institutions: Parliament, Council... Funding agency Research & Innovation (FP7) Sets access and dissemination rules for funded research (Infra)structure funder and capacity builder E.g. pan-European Open Data Portal Supports networking activities
  • 4. Two Commissioners Vice-President Neelie Kroes Digital Agenda Digital single market Commissioner Máire Geoghegan-Quinn Research & Innovation European Research Area (ERA) & Innovation Union
  • 5. Digital Agenda Communication from the Commission ‘ A Digital Agenda for Europe ’ Speed up the roll-out of high-speed internet Reach the benefits of a digital single market Driving ICT innovation by exploiting the single market: “ […] publicly funded research should be widely disseminated through open access publication of scientific data and papers”; “ […] the Commission will appropriately extend current open access publication requirements […]”.
  • 6. European Research Area ERA Framework in progress A Europe-wide space or ‘single market’ for research and innovation Incl. knowledge circulation: Free movement of knowledge Clear principles/rules regarding: The management of intellectual property resulting from publicly funded research Access to, and dissemination & preservation of publications and research data resulting from publicly funded research
  • 7. Innovation Union Communication from the Commission ‘ Innovation Union ’ Improve conditions & access for research and innovation Delivering the ERA: “ [...] The Commission will propose a European Research Area framework [and] seek to ensure […] dissemination, transfer and use of research results, including through open access to publications and data from publicly funded research ” Promoting openness: “ The Commission will promote open access to the results of publicly funded research. It will aim to make open access to publications the general principle for projects funded by the EU research Framework Programmes […]”.
  • 8. Why does the EC care about open access? Serve science and research Avoid duplication of research, i ncrease us & re-use of information, s peed up progress by improved access & dissemination Give equal access for all researchers and institutions Benefit innovation Enabling knowledge transfer to industry, including SMEs Improve return on investment in R&D Free access to results funded by tax payers’ money Access for NGOs and citizens Drive down costs for dissemination
  • 9. Outline The European Union and access to scientific knowledge Open Access in Europe What next on the policy agenda?
  • 10. 1. The EC as a funding body (FP7) OA publishing costs are covered in FP7 New since the beginning of FP7 & for all projects Limited to duration of project OA Pilot in FP7 20% of total FP7 budget (2007-2013) 7 areas (>850 projects to date) Self-archiving & ‘Best effort to provide OA’ mandate Embargo (6/12 months) EU-funded portal OpenAIRE Support for technical implementation Helpdesk & contact points Technical infrastructure of digital repositories Repository for homeless publications Survey (summer 2011) 194 answers/811 projects
  • 11. Self-archiving Difficult or very difficult to understand legal issues regarding copyright and licenses to publish 60% of respondents with opinion Easy or very easy to find time or manpower to self-archive Majority of respondents with opinion Source: EC Survey (July-August 2011) awaiting publication
  • 12. Gold open access >50% did not know the possibility Only 8 projects reported they used it For 72% of respondents, reimbursement of Gold OA is restricted by the fact that most publishing activities occur after the project end Source: EC Survey (July-August 2011) awaiting publication
  • 13. Open access to data? Source: EC Survey (July-August 2011) awaiting publication Three quarters of respondents with opinion: agree or strongly agree
  • 14. 2. European countries Council Conclusions on ‘Scientific information in the digital age’ (2007) Invitation to the Member States to: Reinforce national strategies and structures Enhance co-ordination among Member States Ensure long-term preservation of scientific information 2009 & 2011: two questionnaires To take stock To actively engage national experts in the process To gain input for developing European level policies
  • 15. Open access in Europe: main findings in 2011 Many valuable initiatives taking place ‘ There is much greater awareness about the significance of the issue, and a greater number of infrastructures to support dissemination of and access to scholarly material’ Most activities led by non-governmental actors Complex and dynamic process because provided and supported by a number of independant organisations A growing number of well developed activities, and a few more national strategies Policies on OA to publications still more advanced than on policies to research data Specific findings Agreements with publishers (growing trend) Incentives/practical support to researchers Many fast-growing initiatives that remain ‘islands’ at a national level Role for the EC/EU Source: Report on questionnaire to ERAC (2010-2011) awaiting publication
  • 16. Outline The European Union and access to scientific knowledge Open Access in Europe What next on the policy agenda?
  • 17. Main surveys & consultations 2011 Survey on OA in FP7 2011 Questionnaire to Member States Public consultation on scientific information in the digital age Closed (1140 answers & ~20 position papers) Analyse running Public consultation on obstacles to ERA deadline 30.11.2011 – section on knowledge circulation
  • 18. No problem with OA? Individual researcher (39%), citizen (28%), university/research institute (8%),library (7%), publisher (6%), international organisation (4%) etc. Source: 2011 EC Public consultation (July-September 2011) awaiting publication
  • 19. OA when public funds? Individual researcher (39%), citizen (28%), university/research institute (8%),library (7%), publisher (6%), international organisation (4%) etc. Source: 2011 EC Public consultation (July-September 2011) awaiting publication
  • 20. Many questions to answer How to get authors to deposit? What role for (what) publishers? What funding (and where)? How to measure OA? How to reward an author for sharing? What about data (the ‘rising tide of data’)? ...
  • 21. Why are 2011-2012 important years? Multi-annual budget 2014-2020 Post-2013 (FP7) research funding: Horizon 2020 Legislative proposal foreseen European Research Area Public consultation, legislative proposal foreseen Communication and Recommendation on scientific information in the digital age
  • 22. European Commission (1/3) 2012 Communication & Recommendation on scientific information Communication : take stock of developments in the area & outline next steps the Commission will take Recommendation : outline what the EC expects from Member States in terms of access/management of publications/data, in particular policies in relation to OA Public Hearing: Luxembourg, 30 May 2011 Analysis of surveys and consultations Foreseen adoption: 1st quarter 2012
  • 23. European Commission (2/3) Horizon 2020 (next FP) Make open access to publications the general principle for all projects Open up possibilities for data Put the open access mandate and associated policies into practice
  • 24. European Commission (3/3) Building an e-infrastructure for data ” Our vision is a scientific e-infrastructure that supports seamless access, use, re-use, and trust of data.” “ My goal is to raise awareness of the opportunities represented by scientific data as well as setting out a plan for future developments.“ Partner, pilot & build infrastructures
  • 25. Conclusion “ The question is no longer ‘if’ we should have open access. The question is about ‘how’ we should develop it further and promote it.” (N. Kroes, 02.12.2010 )
  • 26. Pointers The EC and open access http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/open_access OpenAIRE www.openaire.eu Twitter Email jean- [email_address] @OpenAccessEC @NeelieKroesEU @ccbuhr