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スケジューラからみたOSの話

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Takeshi Fujiwara
Takeshi Fujiwara

The document discusses operating system concepts like kernels, processes, threads, scheduling, and I/O. It covers features of early non-preemptive systems like MS-DOS and the evolution to modern preemptive multitasking systems. It also summarizes scheduling algorithms like FIFO, round robin, and comparisons of approaches used by different OSes including Windows, Linux, Solaris, and real-time operating systems.

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OS 2009.06.22 warawara@bug.co.jp
kernel OS Windows XP NT kernel MacOS X mach CPU kernel CPU Process Thread Task
OS OS
OS OS
CPU CPU
CPU CPU
MB CPU CPU CPU Cache, MMU, NUMA, Xen Core Core Core Core HT HT
スケジューラからみたOSの話
スケジューラからみたOSの話
スケジューラからみたOSの話
スケジューラからみたOSの話
スケジューラからみたOSの話
MS-DOS OS
スケジューラからみたOSの話
スケジューラからみたOSの話
スケジューラからみたOSの話
スケジューラからみたOSの話
Task A Task B Task B
スケジューラからみたOSの話
スケジューラからみたOSの話
Windows 3.1 System7.0, MacOS8~9 PalmOS Protothreads μITRON
non-preemptive Windows 1.0/2.x/3.x Windows 3.1 System7.0, MacOS8~9 PalmOS Switch-case Protothreads μITRON
スケジューラからみたOSの話
Task A Task B Task B
スケジューラからみたOSの話
Thread Manager(System7.5 )
Thread Manager(System7.5 ) Preemptive
スケジューラからみたOSの話
スケジューラからみたOSの話
スケジューラからみたOSの話
Windows 9x Windows NT MacOS X(mach) UNIX/Linux RTOS ...
preemptive multitask Windows 95/98/Me Windows 9x Windows NT3.x/ 4.0/2000/Xp/Vista/7 Windows NT MacOS X(mach) SVR4, 4.4BSD, ... UNIX/Linux VxWorks, QNX, ThreadX, ... RTOS ...
スケジューラからみたOSの話
スケジューラからみたOSの話
スケジューラからみたOSの話
スケジューラからみたOSの話
... ...
スケジューラからみたOSの話
! ! ! !
! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
FIFO Round Robin
FIFO Task D Task D Task C Round Robin Task C Task B Task B Task A Task A
スケジューラからみたOSの話
I/O (nice )
I/O I/O (nice ) I/O ( ) CPU
スケジューラからみたOSの話
Sem
Sem Sem
Sem Sem Sem
Sem Sem Sem
Sem VxWorks (1997) Sem Sem
スケジューラからみたOSの話
スケジューラからみたOSの話
スケジューラからみたOSの話
Non-preemptive kernel Preemptive kernel Preemptive kernel
Non-preemptive kernel
Preemptive kernel
Preemptive kernel SVR4
スケジューラからみたOSの話
vs
I/O vs ...
Ready Queue vs CPU Ready Queue
vs Kernel User MacOS X, BeOS, NeXTstep, ...
スケジューラからみたOSの話
(RTOS , Solaris) (Linux 2.2 ) IRQ (Linux 2.4, WindowsNT ) (Linux 2.6)
(RTOS ) (Linux 2.2 ) IRQ (Linux 2.4, WindowsNT ) (Linux 2.6)
(RTOS , Solaris) (Linux 2.2 ) IRQ (Linux 2.4, WindowsNT ) (Linux 2.6)
(RTOS , Solaris) (Linux 2.2 ) IRQ (Linux 2.4, WindowsNT ) (Linux 2.6)
(RTOS ) Linux2.4/Windows NT IRQ ( CPU ) (Linux 2.2 ) IRQ (Linux 2.4, WindowsNT ) (Linux 2.6)
(RTOS ) IRQ CPU (Linux 2.2 ) IRQ ... IRQ (Linux 2.4, WindowsNT ) (Linux 2.6)
スケジューラからみたOSの話
スケジューラからみたOSの話
4.3BSD(SVR3) 1tick=10msec( ) ( ) =32 ( ) 4tick 100tick(1sec) I/O Ready
4.3BSD(SVR3) 1tick=10msec( ) ( ) =32 4tick 100tick(1sec) I/O Ready
4.3BSD(SVR3) 1tick=10msec( ) ( ) =32 0 127( ) 0 49 Kernel (Sleep ) 4tick 50 127 100tick(1sec) I/O Ready
4.3BSD(SVR3) 1tick=10msec( ) ( ) =32 CPU (tick ) 4tick (SVR3=0.5) 4.3BSD 100tick(1sec) I/O Ready
4.3BSD(SVR3) 1tick=10msec( ) ( ) =32 4tick Ready Queue 32 Queue 100tick(1sec)100msec (4.3BSD) Round Robin I/O Ready
4.3BSD(SVR3) 1tick=10msec( ) ( ) =32 1 4tick 100tick(1sec) I/O Ready
WindowsNT 1tick=20msec Ready Queue(0 31)
WindowsNT Windows9x 1tick=20msec 1tick=20msec Ready Queue(0 31)
WindowsNT 1tick=20msec Ready 0 31( (0 ) 31) 0 15 16 31 (-2 +2) REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS 24 HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS 13 NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS 7(background) or 9(foreground) IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS 4
WindowsNT 1tick=20msec Ready Queue(0 31) 0 15 foreground (background ) ( 1 )
WindowsNT 1tick=20msec Ready Queue(0 31) CPU( ) ( )
SVR4 Ready (0 160) preemptive (mutex, )
SVR4 Ready (0 160) preemptive (mutex, )
SVR4 Ready (0 160) Round Robin preemptive (mutex, )
SVR4 Ready 0 159( (0 ) 160) 0 59 60 99 preemptive 100 159 ※ (mutex, )
SVR4 Ready (0 160) preemptive → → (mutex, → )
SVR4 Ready (0 160) preemptive (mutex, )
SVR4 Ready (0 160) CPU preemptive (mutex, )
Solaris2.6 1tick=10msec( ) CPU Dispatch Queue LWP Preemptive
Solaris2.6 SVR4 1tick=10msec( ) CPU Dispatch Queue LWP Preemptive
Solaris2.6 1tick=10msec( ) 0 169( ) 0 169( ) 60 99 CPU SYS(System) Dispatch Queue 0 59 TS(Time Share) , IA(Interactive) 100 159 RT(Realtime) 160 169 LWP Preemptive
Solaris2.6 1tick=10msec( ) LWP(Light Weight Process) CPU Dispatch Queue LWP Preemptive
Solaris2.6 1tick=10msec( ) Non-preemption CPU Dispatch Queue thread_create() pause_cpus() LWP HAT, MMU Preemptive
NORTi(μITRON4) 1tick=10msec(NORTi) (RealTime ) Ready FIFO (mutex)
NORTi(μITRON4) 1tick=10msec(NORTi) (RealTime ) Ready FIFO (mutex)
NORTi(μITRON4) 1tick=10msec(NORTi) (RealTime ) 1 Ready 31( ) ※ FIFO OS (mutex)
NORTi(μITRON4) 1tick=10msec(NORTi) (RealTime ) Ready FIFO FIFO (mutex) Round Robin Ready Queue
Linux 2.4 1tick=10msec( ) Ready Queue CPU
Linux 2.4 1tick=10msec( ) 1 99( ) Ready Queue 200msec SCHED_FIFO SCHED_RR Round Robin SCHED_OTHER 4.3BSD CPU
Linux 2.4 1 Ready Queue (goodness) CPU 1 1tick=10msec( ) goodness = 0 (1~99) goodness = 1000 + goodness = goodness 0 → Ready Queue CPU
Linux 2.4 1tick=10msec( ) Ready Queue I/O I/O DB CPU CPU Non-preemptive
Linux 2.6 1tick=1msec( ) ,CPU Ready Queue Preemptive Kernel CPU Active Queue Expire Queue
Linux 2.6 1tick=1msec( ) v2.6.13 4msec BeOS 3msec ,CPU Ready Queue Preemptive Kernel CPU Active Queue Expire Queue
Linux 2.6 SCHED_FIFO 1tick=1msec( ) ,CPU1 139( Ready Queue ) 1 99 Preemptive 100 139 Kernel CPU Active Queue Expire Queue
Linux 2.6 SCHED_FIFO 1tick=1msec( ) SCHED_RR Round Robin ,CPU Ready Queue (msec) 0~99 5 SCHED_OTHER 4.3BSD 100~199 4 SCHED_BAT Preemptive 200~299 3 300~399 2 Kernel CPU 400~499 1 500~599 0 Active Queue Expire Queue 600~699 -1 ... 900~999 -4 1sec -5
Linux 2.6 Bonus 800 139 (msec) ( ) Bonus=0 600 Bonus=10 126 400 113 200 0 100 100 113 126 139 100 113 126 139 Bonus Bonus 1 Bonus=0 Bonus=2 Bonus=5 Bonus=10 Bonus 0 100 113 126 139
Linux 2.6 O(1) Active Queue Expire Queue 100 Task A Task B Task C 100 101 Task D 101 102 Task E 102 103 103 ... ... 138 Task F 138 139 139 CPU
Linux 2.6 O(1) Active Queue Expire Queue 100 Task B Task C 100 Task A 101 Task D 101 102 Task E 102 103 103 ... ... 138 Task F 138 139 139 CPU
Linux 2.6 O(1) Active Queue Expire Queue 100 100 Task A Task B Task C 101 101 Task D 102 102 Task E 103 103 ... ... 138 138 Task F 139 139
Linux 2.6 O(1) Expire Queue Active Queue 100 100 Task A Task B Task C 101 101 Task D 102 102 Task E 103 103 ... ... 138 138 Task F 139 139
Linux 2.6.23 CFS(Completely Fair Scheduler) Queue Queue Tree
Linux 2.6.23 CFS(Completely Fair Scheduler) CPU CPU Queue Queue Tree
Linux 2.6.23 CFS(Completely Fair Scheduler) Queue Queue Tree
Linux 2.6.23 CFS(Completely Fair Scheduler) Queue Queue Tree
Xen bvt (borrowed virtual time) MB MB MB CPU sedf(Simple Early Deadline First) CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU credit Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core HT HT HT HT HT HT
Xen bvt (borrowed virtual time) MB MB MB CPU sedf(Simple Early Deadline First) CPU CPU v3.0.2 CPU CPU CPU credit Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core HT HT HT HT HT HT
Xen bvt (borrowed virtual time) MB MB MB CPU sedf(Simple Early Deadline First) CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU credit Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core CPU Deadline Core Core Runnable Queue Wait Queue CPU HT HT HT HT bvt sedf SMP =CPU HT HT
Xen bvt (borrowed virtual time) MB MB MB CPU sedf(Simple Early Deadline First) CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU credit Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core CPU Run Queue Run Queue HT HT credit credit CPU HT HT HT HT CPU credit UNDER credit OVER UNDER credit 10msec credit 0 weight
スケジューラからみたOSの話
I/O
I/O I/O Queue Queue 4 Linux2.6
I/O No Operation Queue
I/O Complete Fairness Queueing ID 64 Round Robin
I/O Deadline 4 Queue Queue Deadline Queue / Queue Deadline Queue Queue 500msec 5sec
I/O Anticipatory 125msec 250msec I/O 7msec
Q&A
Fin.

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スケジューラからみたOSの話

  • 1. OS 2009.06.22 warawara@bug.co.jp
  • 2. kernel OS Windows XP NT kernel MacOS X mach CPU kernel CPU Process Thread Task
  • 7. MB CPU CPU CPU Cache, MMU, NUMA, Xen Core Core Core Core HT HT
  • 13. MS-DOS OS
  • 21. Windows 3.1 System7.0, MacOS8~9 PalmOS Protothreads μITRON
  • 22. non-preemptive Windows 1.0/2.x/3.x Windows 3.1 System7.0, MacOS8~9 PalmOS Switch-case Protothreads μITRON
  • 31. Windows 9x Windows NT MacOS X(mach) UNIX/Linux RTOS ...
  • 32. preemptive multitask Windows 95/98/Me Windows 9x Windows NT3.x/ 4.0/2000/Xp/Vista/7 Windows NT MacOS X(mach) SVR4, 4.4BSD, ... UNIX/Linux VxWorks, QNX, ThreadX, ... RTOS ...
  • 37. ... ...
  • 43. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
  • 44. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
  • 45. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
  • 46. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
  • 48. FIFO Task D Task D Task C Round Robin Task C Task B Task B Task A Task A
  • 50. I/O (nice )
  • 51. I/O I/O (nice ) I/O ( ) CPU
  • 53. Sem
  • 55. Sem Sem Sem
  • 56. Sem Sem Sem
  • 57. Sem VxWorks (1997) Sem Sem
  • 61. Non-preemptive kernel Preemptive kernel Preemptive kernel
  • 66. vs
  • 67. I/O vs ...
  • 68. Ready Queue vs CPU Ready Queue
  • 69. vs Kernel User MacOS X, BeOS, NeXTstep, ...
  • 71. (RTOS , Solaris) (Linux 2.2 ) IRQ (Linux 2.4, WindowsNT ) (Linux 2.6)
  • 72. (RTOS ) (Linux 2.2 ) IRQ (Linux 2.4, WindowsNT ) (Linux 2.6)
  • 73. (RTOS , Solaris) (Linux 2.2 ) IRQ (Linux 2.4, WindowsNT ) (Linux 2.6)
  • 74. (RTOS , Solaris) (Linux 2.2 ) IRQ (Linux 2.4, WindowsNT ) (Linux 2.6)
  • 75. (RTOS ) Linux2.4/Windows NT IRQ ( CPU ) (Linux 2.2 ) IRQ (Linux 2.4, WindowsNT ) (Linux 2.6)
  • 76. (RTOS ) IRQ CPU (Linux 2.2 ) IRQ ... IRQ (Linux 2.4, WindowsNT ) (Linux 2.6)
  • 79. 4.3BSD(SVR3) 1tick=10msec( ) ( ) =32 ( ) 4tick 100tick(1sec) I/O Ready
  • 80. 4.3BSD(SVR3) 1tick=10msec( ) ( ) =32 4tick 100tick(1sec) I/O Ready
  • 81. 4.3BSD(SVR3) 1tick=10msec( ) ( ) =32 0 127( ) 0 49 Kernel (Sleep ) 4tick 50 127 100tick(1sec) I/O Ready
  • 82. 4.3BSD(SVR3) 1tick=10msec( ) ( ) =32 CPU (tick ) 4tick (SVR3=0.5) 4.3BSD 100tick(1sec) I/O Ready
  • 83. 4.3BSD(SVR3) 1tick=10msec( ) ( ) =32 4tick Ready Queue 32 Queue 100tick(1sec)100msec (4.3BSD) Round Robin I/O Ready
  • 84. 4.3BSD(SVR3) 1tick=10msec( ) ( ) =32 1 4tick 100tick(1sec) I/O Ready
  • 85. WindowsNT 1tick=20msec Ready Queue(0 31)
  • 86. WindowsNT Windows9x 1tick=20msec 1tick=20msec Ready Queue(0 31)
  • 87. WindowsNT 1tick=20msec Ready 0 31( (0 ) 31) 0 15 16 31 (-2 +2) REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS 24 HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS 13 NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS 7(background) or 9(foreground) IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS 4
  • 88. WindowsNT 1tick=20msec Ready Queue(0 31) 0 15 foreground (background ) ( 1 )
  • 89. WindowsNT 1tick=20msec Ready Queue(0 31) CPU( ) ( )
  • 90. SVR4 Ready (0 160) preemptive (mutex, )
  • 91. SVR4 Ready (0 160) preemptive (mutex, )
  • 92. SVR4 Ready (0 160) Round Robin preemptive (mutex, )
  • 93. SVR4 Ready 0 159( (0 ) 160) 0 59 60 99 preemptive 100 159 ※ (mutex, )
  • 94. SVR4 Ready (0 160) preemptive → → (mutex, → )
  • 95. SVR4 Ready (0 160) preemptive (mutex, )
  • 96. SVR4 Ready (0 160) CPU preemptive (mutex, )
  • 97. Solaris2.6 1tick=10msec( ) CPU Dispatch Queue LWP Preemptive
  • 98. Solaris2.6 SVR4 1tick=10msec( ) CPU Dispatch Queue LWP Preemptive
  • 99. Solaris2.6 1tick=10msec( ) 0 169( ) 0 169( ) 60 99 CPU SYS(System) Dispatch Queue 0 59 TS(Time Share) , IA(Interactive) 100 159 RT(Realtime) 160 169 LWP Preemptive
  • 100. Solaris2.6 1tick=10msec( ) LWP(Light Weight Process) CPU Dispatch Queue LWP Preemptive
  • 101. Solaris2.6 1tick=10msec( ) Non-preemption CPU Dispatch Queue thread_create() pause_cpus() LWP HAT, MMU Preemptive
  • 102. NORTi(μITRON4) 1tick=10msec(NORTi) (RealTime ) Ready FIFO (mutex)
  • 103. NORTi(μITRON4) 1tick=10msec(NORTi) (RealTime ) Ready FIFO (mutex)
  • 104. NORTi(μITRON4) 1tick=10msec(NORTi) (RealTime ) 1 Ready 31( ) ※ FIFO OS (mutex)
  • 105. NORTi(μITRON4) 1tick=10msec(NORTi) (RealTime ) Ready FIFO FIFO (mutex) Round Robin Ready Queue
  • 106. Linux 2.4 1tick=10msec( ) Ready Queue CPU
  • 107. Linux 2.4 1tick=10msec( ) 1 99( ) Ready Queue 200msec SCHED_FIFO SCHED_RR Round Robin SCHED_OTHER 4.3BSD CPU
  • 108. Linux 2.4 1 Ready Queue (goodness) CPU 1 1tick=10msec( ) goodness = 0 (1~99) goodness = 1000 + goodness = goodness 0 → Ready Queue CPU
  • 109. Linux 2.4 1tick=10msec( ) Ready Queue I/O I/O DB CPU CPU Non-preemptive
  • 110. Linux 2.6 1tick=1msec( ) ,CPU Ready Queue Preemptive Kernel CPU Active Queue Expire Queue
  • 111. Linux 2.6 1tick=1msec( ) v2.6.13 4msec BeOS 3msec ,CPU Ready Queue Preemptive Kernel CPU Active Queue Expire Queue
  • 112. Linux 2.6 SCHED_FIFO 1tick=1msec( ) ,CPU1 139( Ready Queue ) 1 99 Preemptive 100 139 Kernel CPU Active Queue Expire Queue
  • 113. Linux 2.6 SCHED_FIFO 1tick=1msec( ) SCHED_RR Round Robin ,CPU Ready Queue (msec) 0~99 5 SCHED_OTHER 4.3BSD 100~199 4 SCHED_BAT Preemptive 200~299 3 300~399 2 Kernel CPU 400~499 1 500~599 0 Active Queue Expire Queue 600~699 -1 ... 900~999 -4 1sec -5
  • 114. Linux 2.6 Bonus 800 139 (msec) ( ) Bonus=0 600 Bonus=10 126 400 113 200 0 100 100 113 126 139 100 113 126 139 Bonus Bonus 1 Bonus=0 Bonus=2 Bonus=5 Bonus=10 Bonus 0 100 113 126 139
  • 115. Linux 2.6 O(1) Active Queue Expire Queue 100 Task A Task B Task C 100 101 Task D 101 102 Task E 102 103 103 ... ... 138 Task F 138 139 139 CPU
  • 116. Linux 2.6 O(1) Active Queue Expire Queue 100 Task B Task C 100 Task A 101 Task D 101 102 Task E 102 103 103 ... ... 138 Task F 138 139 139 CPU
  • 117. Linux 2.6 O(1) Active Queue Expire Queue 100 100 Task A Task B Task C 101 101 Task D 102 102 Task E 103 103 ... ... 138 138 Task F 139 139
  • 118. Linux 2.6 O(1) Expire Queue Active Queue 100 100 Task A Task B Task C 101 101 Task D 102 102 Task E 103 103 ... ... 138 138 Task F 139 139
  • 119. Linux 2.6.23 CFS(Completely Fair Scheduler) Queue Queue Tree
  • 120. Linux 2.6.23 CFS(Completely Fair Scheduler) CPU CPU Queue Queue Tree
  • 121. Linux 2.6.23 CFS(Completely Fair Scheduler) Queue Queue Tree
  • 122. Linux 2.6.23 CFS(Completely Fair Scheduler) Queue Queue Tree
  • 123. Xen bvt (borrowed virtual time) MB MB MB CPU sedf(Simple Early Deadline First) CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU credit Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core HT HT HT HT HT HT
  • 124. Xen bvt (borrowed virtual time) MB MB MB CPU sedf(Simple Early Deadline First) CPU CPU v3.0.2 CPU CPU CPU credit Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core HT HT HT HT HT HT
  • 125. Xen bvt (borrowed virtual time) MB MB MB CPU sedf(Simple Early Deadline First) CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU credit Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core CPU Deadline Core Core Runnable Queue Wait Queue CPU HT HT HT HT bvt sedf SMP =CPU HT HT
  • 126. Xen bvt (borrowed virtual time) MB MB MB CPU sedf(Simple Early Deadline First) CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU credit Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core CPU Run Queue Run Queue HT HT credit credit CPU HT HT HT HT CPU credit UNDER credit OVER UNDER credit 10msec credit 0 weight
  • 128. I/O
  • 129. I/O I/O Queue Queue 4 Linux2.6
  • 130. I/O No Operation Queue
  • 131. I/O Complete Fairness Queueing ID 64 Round Robin
  • 132. I/O Deadline 4 Queue Queue Deadline Queue / Queue Deadline Queue Queue 500msec 5sec
  • 133. I/O Anticipatory 125msec 250msec I/O 7msec
  • 134. Q&A
  • 135. Fin.