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os.pptx

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RIDDHIDOSHI37

The document discusses the concept of organization, defining it as a collection of people working together towards common goals. It notes that organization involves dividing work into functions and roles, coordinating activities, and establishing clear lines of authority and responsibility. The key aspects of organization discussed are the division of labor, coordination of different parts, and well-defined hierarchies and relationships between positions.

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ORGANISATION Dr.Riddhi Doshi
 Learning Objective:-  To acquire knowledge about organization and structures of organization.  Learning Outcome:-  After this session students will able to explain the organizational structure of Hospitals.
 Present business system is very complex. The unit must be run efficiently to stay in the competitive world of business. Various jobs are to be performed by persons most suitable for them. First of all various activities should be grouped into different functions. The authority and responsibility is fixed at various levels. All efforts should be made to co- ordinate different activities for running the units efficiently so that cost of production may be reduced and profitability of the unit may be increased
 Organization refers to a collection of people, who are involved in pursuing defined objectives. It can be understood as a social system which comprises all formal human relationships. The organization encompasses division of work among employees and alignment of tasks towards the ultimate goal of the company.
 Meaning:  An entrepreneur organizes various factors of production like land, labour, capital, machinery, etc. for channelizing them into productive activities. The product finally reaches consumers through various agencies. Business activities are divided into various functions, these functions are assigned to different individuals.  Various individual efforts must lead to the achievement of common business goals. Organization is the structural framework of duties and responsibilities required of personnel in performing various functions with a view to achieve business goals through organization. Management tries to combine various business activities to accomplish predetermined goals. 
 Definitions:  Louis Allen, “Organization is the process of identifying and grouping work to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority and establishing relationships for the purpose of enabling people to work most effectively together in accomplishing objectives.” In the words of Allen, organization is an instrument for achieving organizational goals. The work of each and every person is defined and authority and responsibility is fixed for accomplishing the same.  Wheeler, “Internal organization is the structural framework of duties and responsibilities required of personnel in performing various functions within the company………… It is essentially a blue print for action resulting in a mechanism for carrying out function to achieve the goals set up by company management”. In Wheeler’s view, organization is a process of fixing duties and responsibilities of persons in an enterprise so that business goals are achieved.
 Concepts of Organisation:  There are two concepts of organisation:  1. Static concept  2. Dynamic concept,  1. Static Concept:  Under static concept the term ‘organisation’ is used as a structure, an entity or a network of specified relationship. In this sense, organisation is a group of people bound together in a formal relationship to achieve common objectives. It lays emphasis on position and not on individuals.  2. Dynamic Concept:  Under dynamic concept, the term ‘organisation’ is used as a process of an on-going activity. In this sense, organisation is a process of organising work, people and the systems. It is concerned with the process of determining activities which may be necessary for achieving an objective and arranging them in suitable groups so as to be assigned to individuals. It considers organisation as an open adoptive system and not as a closed system. Dynamic concept lays emphasis on individuals and considers organisation as a continuous process.
 Some of the characteristics of organisation are studied as follows:  1. Division of Work:  Organisation deals with the whole task of business. The total work of the enterprise is divided into activities and functions. Various activities are assigned to different persons for their efficient accomplishment. This brings in division of labour. It is not that one person cannot carry out many functions but specialisation in different activities is necessary to improve one’s efficiency. Organisation helps in dividing the work into related activities so that they are assigned to different individuals.  2. Co-Ordination:  Co-ordination of various activities is as essential as their division. It helps in integrating and harmonising various activities. Co-ordination also avoids duplications and delays. In fact, various functions in an organisation depend upon one another and the performance of one influences the other. Unless all of them are properly coordinated, the performance of all segments is adversely affected.  3. Common Objectives:  All organisational structure is a means towards the achievement of enterprise goals. The goals of various segments lead to the achievement of major business goals. The organisational structure should build around common and clear cut objectives. This will help in their proper accomplishment.  4. Co-operative Relationship:  An organisation creates co-operative relationship among various members of the group. An organisation cannot be constituted by one person. It requires at least two or more persons. Organisation is a system which helps in creating meaningful relationship among persons. The relationship should be both vertical and horizontal among members of various departments. The structure should be designed that it motivates people to perform their part of work together.
5 Well-Defined Authority-Responsibility Relationships: An organisation consists of various positions arranged in a hierarchy with well defined authority and responsibility. There is always a central authority from which a chain of authority relationship stretches throughout the organisation. The hierarchy of positions defines the lines of communication and pattern of relationships.
 It can also be referred as the second most important managerial function, that coordinates the work of employees, procures resources and combines the two, in pursuance of company’s goals.  Process of Organization  Step 1: Determination and classification of firm’s activities.  Step 2: Grouping of the activities into workable departments.  Step 3: Assignment of authority and responsibility on the departmental executives for undertaking the delegated tasks.  Step 4: Developing relationship amidst superior and subordinate, within the unit or department.  Step 5: Framing policies for proper coordination between the superior and subordnate and creating specific lines of supervision.  Organization is a goal oriented process, which aims at achieving them, through proper planning and coordination between activities. It relies on the principle of division of work and set up authority-responisbility relationship among the members of the organization.  Types of Organization Structure  Formal Organization Structure: The organization structure of jobs and positions, with specified activities and relationships, is known as formal organization structure. It is created by management, to attain the objectives of the company.  Line Organization: Line organization is the oldest and simplest pattern of orgnization, wherein the supervisor has outright supervision over the subordinate. The flow of authority is from the top level executive to the person at the lowest level of the organization’s echelon. 

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os.pptx

  • 2.  Learning Objective:-  To acquire knowledge about organization and structures of organization.  Learning Outcome:-  After this session students will able to explain the organizational structure of Hospitals.
  • 3.  Present business system is very complex. The unit must be run efficiently to stay in the competitive world of business. Various jobs are to be performed by persons most suitable for them. First of all various activities should be grouped into different functions. The authority and responsibility is fixed at various levels. All efforts should be made to co- ordinate different activities for running the units efficiently so that cost of production may be reduced and profitability of the unit may be increased
  • 4.  Organization refers to a collection of people, who are involved in pursuing defined objectives. It can be understood as a social system which comprises all formal human relationships. The organization encompasses division of work among employees and alignment of tasks towards the ultimate goal of the company.
  • 5.  Meaning:  An entrepreneur organizes various factors of production like land, labour, capital, machinery, etc. for channelizing them into productive activities. The product finally reaches consumers through various agencies. Business activities are divided into various functions, these functions are assigned to different individuals.  Various individual efforts must lead to the achievement of common business goals. Organization is the structural framework of duties and responsibilities required of personnel in performing various functions with a view to achieve business goals through organization. Management tries to combine various business activities to accomplish predetermined goals. 
  • 6.  Definitions:  Louis Allen, “Organization is the process of identifying and grouping work to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority and establishing relationships for the purpose of enabling people to work most effectively together in accomplishing objectives.” In the words of Allen, organization is an instrument for achieving organizational goals. The work of each and every person is defined and authority and responsibility is fixed for accomplishing the same.  Wheeler, “Internal organization is the structural framework of duties and responsibilities required of personnel in performing various functions within the company………… It is essentially a blue print for action resulting in a mechanism for carrying out function to achieve the goals set up by company management”. In Wheeler’s view, organization is a process of fixing duties and responsibilities of persons in an enterprise so that business goals are achieved.
  • 7.  Concepts of Organisation:  There are two concepts of organisation:  1. Static concept  2. Dynamic concept,  1. Static Concept:  Under static concept the term ‘organisation’ is used as a structure, an entity or a network of specified relationship. In this sense, organisation is a group of people bound together in a formal relationship to achieve common objectives. It lays emphasis on position and not on individuals.  2. Dynamic Concept:  Under dynamic concept, the term ‘organisation’ is used as a process of an on-going activity. In this sense, organisation is a process of organising work, people and the systems. It is concerned with the process of determining activities which may be necessary for achieving an objective and arranging them in suitable groups so as to be assigned to individuals. It considers organisation as an open adoptive system and not as a closed system. Dynamic concept lays emphasis on individuals and considers organisation as a continuous process.
  • 8.  Some of the characteristics of organisation are studied as follows:  1. Division of Work:  Organisation deals with the whole task of business. The total work of the enterprise is divided into activities and functions. Various activities are assigned to different persons for their efficient accomplishment. This brings in division of labour. It is not that one person cannot carry out many functions but specialisation in different activities is necessary to improve one’s efficiency. Organisation helps in dividing the work into related activities so that they are assigned to different individuals.  2. Co-Ordination:  Co-ordination of various activities is as essential as their division. It helps in integrating and harmonising various activities. Co-ordination also avoids duplications and delays. In fact, various functions in an organisation depend upon one another and the performance of one influences the other. Unless all of them are properly coordinated, the performance of all segments is adversely affected.  3. Common Objectives:  All organisational structure is a means towards the achievement of enterprise goals. The goals of various segments lead to the achievement of major business goals. The organisational structure should build around common and clear cut objectives. This will help in their proper accomplishment.  4. Co-operative Relationship:  An organisation creates co-operative relationship among various members of the group. An organisation cannot be constituted by one person. It requires at least two or more persons. Organisation is a system which helps in creating meaningful relationship among persons. The relationship should be both vertical and horizontal among members of various departments. The structure should be designed that it motivates people to perform their part of work together.
  • 9. 5 Well-Defined Authority-Responsibility Relationships: An organisation consists of various positions arranged in a hierarchy with well defined authority and responsibility. There is always a central authority from which a chain of authority relationship stretches throughout the organisation. The hierarchy of positions defines the lines of communication and pattern of relationships.
  • 10.  It can also be referred as the second most important managerial function, that coordinates the work of employees, procures resources and combines the two, in pursuance of company’s goals.  Process of Organization  Step 1: Determination and classification of firm’s activities.  Step 2: Grouping of the activities into workable departments.  Step 3: Assignment of authority and responsibility on the departmental executives for undertaking the delegated tasks.  Step 4: Developing relationship amidst superior and subordinate, within the unit or department.  Step 5: Framing policies for proper coordination between the superior and subordnate and creating specific lines of supervision.  Organization is a goal oriented process, which aims at achieving them, through proper planning and coordination between activities. It relies on the principle of division of work and set up authority-responisbility relationship among the members of the organization.  Types of Organization Structure  Formal Organization Structure: The organization structure of jobs and positions, with specified activities and relationships, is known as formal organization structure. It is created by management, to attain the objectives of the company.  Line Organization: Line organization is the oldest and simplest pattern of orgnization, wherein the supervisor has outright supervision over the subordinate. The flow of authority is from the top level executive to the person at the lowest level of the organization’s echelon. 