useful for subject Building material, wherein the topics covered are bricks, tiles, earthen ware, stoneware
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Other clay products
2. Chrome bricks Chrome
magnesite
Forsterite brick Spinel bricks
Contains oxides
of
chrome,magnesi
um,aluminium &
silicon
Contains
chrome ore &
magnesite
Forsterite is the
main ingredient
Contains
magnesia &
alumina
Resist corrosion
(guj.-
khavaan)but not
satisfactory for
refractory bricks
strong Good strength &
shows less
shrinkage
Process of production of refractory bricks similar to ordinary
bricks
8. Hard & compact,
flat tiles-can resist
wear & tears
Have square
rectangular or
hexagonal shape
Colored floor tiles
can be prepared
Not suitable for
pavement
9. Hard round country
tiles with tapering
diameter
Prepared on potter’s
wheel
Dimensions vary with
the region
Leak proof & not
easily displaced
Break easily & hence
frequent
maintenance
required
11. Curvature less than
pot tiles
Moulded as flat
tiles & then
curvature given by
moulding forms
Short & heavy
12. Rectangular in
shape
Uniform in shape &
size
Strong
Can be used in
combination with
pot tiles
13. Good in appearance
Good interlocking
Easy fixing
Less maintenance
Economical
Special tiles available for
hip, valley, ridge
About 20 years life
These were the only tiles
recommended for
government buildings in
India under the British Raj
16. Made from selected
clay
Moulded under
pressure by
machines
Projections are
provided for
interlocking
Strong
Special tiles for hip,
valley & ridge
17. Corrugation like
G.I. sheets
Side laps can be
formed easily
Efficient drainage
for rain water
Light in weight
hence may be
blown away in wind
storm
18. Process of applying protective zinc coating to steel or iron to prevent
rusting
20. Hollow tapered tiles
Conical in shape
Ring can be formed
by inserting one tile
into another
Ring can be circular
or parabolic
21. Tiles with different
colors & design
Prepared from
selected clay
23. the art or craft of manufacture of clay
objects
26. Glaze is an impervious layer or
coating. Glaze can serve to color, decorate or
waterproof an item.
27. Pottery made of clay-fired
to porous state –made
impervious by use of glaze
Prepared from selected
clay, sand & crushed
pottery
Burnt at low temperature &
their rate of cooling is low
They are soft & porous but
can be made hard &
impervious on glazing(guj.-
op chhadhavo)
29. Cork is an impervious material,
of bark tissue that is harvested
for commercial use primarily
from a tree
Saw dust
30. Saw dust or cork is added
together with clay
They are burnt in kiln
leaving pores in particles
Fire proof &a sound proof
material
Can be chiseled easily
31. Articles first burnt at
lower temperature &
converted into biscuit
form
After removal from kiln &
cooling, they are coated
with glazing compound &
burnt again in kiln
Available in varieties of
color
Superior quality of terra-
cotta
Not affected by
weathering action
33. White, thin & semi
transparent
earthenware
prepared from pure
plastic clay feldspar
& quartz
Hard brittle & non
porous
Used as electric
insulators, sanitary
wares, storage
vessels etc
34. Dry process Wet Process
In this process
constituents are
grinded, mixed & then
pressed in hydraulic
pressure
Thereafter burnt in
kiln(bhatti)
Grinded & mixed with
water forming paste
Forms of article are
obtained by moulding
After drying, moulds are
primarily burnt in kiln &
converted into biscuit
stage
Glazing is applied to the
articles b brush
Again burnt in kiln
While burning heat is
gradually applied
Then cooled slowly
36. Dry process Wet process
Low voltage porcelain
prepared by dry
process
Sanitary wares,
crucibles
High voltage porcelain
prepared by wet
process
Storage vessels, toys,
tiles
37. Sanitary wares Crucibles-ceramic container
in which metals or other
substances may be melted
38. Refractory clay mixed with
powder of stone & crushed
pottery, feldspar &
powdered stone
Articles are burnt in kiln at
high temperature & then
cooled down slowing
Durable, impervious ,strong
& resist corrosion
Suitable for sanitary ware,
sewer pipes, glaze tiles, w.c
pan, washbasin, sink, bath
tub etc
39. Glazing is a protective treatment given to
articles. It can be transparent, colored or opaque
GTU Jan 2010, Dec 2010, May 2011, May/June 2012
42. Process suitable for glazing earthen ware
& stone ware
Articles are heated in the kiln up to
1200OC.
Sufficient amount of salt added. Salt gets
vaporized & spreads over the surface of
the articles & glass glaze is formed
Not suitable for cheap clay products
43. In this method articles burnt in kiln &
then dipped in a bath containing oxides of
lead & tin
Articles then reburnt at higher
temperature.
Better quality glazed surface
Suitable for fire clay wares & terracotta
44. Selected quality of clay,
feldspar, boric oxide flint
& metalic oxides are
mixed
And water is added to
prepare a paste called
‘slip’
Clay products are dried
thoroughly & then
dipped in sliip
Then kept in kiln at high
temperature
Uniform glaze of desired
color can be formed on
the surface