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Part 3: Beauty Botany

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Srividya Rajagopalan
Srividya Rajagopalan

The document describes various carnivorous plant species that trap and digest insects for nutrients. It discusses the Venus flytrap, sundews, pitcher plants like the cobra lily and Nepenthes rajah, bladderworts, and butterworts. These plants have evolved traps like snap-shut leaves, sticky tentacles, pitfall traps, and suction bladders to capture prey insects to supplement their nutrition in nutrient-poor bog environments.

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Part 3: BEAUTIFUL AND WONDERFUL BOTANY By An Admirer Of Nature
350 species of Aristolochia Aristolochia fimbriata Dutchman's pipe native to Argentina. Small flies landing on the erect upper calyx lobe slip down into the inflated, pipe-like chamber below.
Dutchman's pipe ( Aristolochia californica ) A native to the Coast Ranges of Central and Northern California, and the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. Family : Aristolochiaceae Order : Aristolochiales Class : Magnoliopsida Division : Magnoliophyta
Small flies after landing slip down Wax granules on the inner surface Dense, downward pointing hairs Imprisoned flies get rationed nector Male anthers release pollen several days after the female stigma becomes no longer receptive Hairs wilt and flower tilts horizontally Flies walk out for cross pollination after getting fresh pollen all over the body
The bizarre flower of a Brazilian Dutchman's pipe Aristolochia gigantea The front view (left) shows a central yellow spot where an opening leads into an enclosed pouch. The back view (right) superficially resembles a pair of lungs with a canal leading into an inflated, stomach-like pouch. The blossom is over 14 inches (36 cm) long.
  Carnivorous Plants Plants that eat animals Insectivorous plants Moor lands or in logy places Soil lack nitrogen and other minerals Aldrovanda, Byblis, Cephalotus, Darlingtonia, Dionaea, Drosera, Drosophyllum, Genlisea, Heliamphora, Nepenthes, Pinguicula, Sarracenia, Triphyophyllum and Utricularia.
Nepenthes leaf Normal leaf The basic structure of Nepenthes pitchers
Nepenthes rajah Capable of holding 2.5 litres of digestive fluid Pitcher is Up to 35 cm high and 18 cm wide Largest pitcher plant
Karst limestone cliffs off the east coast of Misool (one of the four big islands of the Raja Ampat group) are the native habitat to Nepenthes treubiana Pitcher plants:- 100 species S E Asia, Madagascar, Australia & N. America
Nepenthes albomarginata
Nepenthes refflesiana A female inflorescence & two male flowers (top) Family : Nepenthaceae Order : Nepenthales Class : Magnoliopsida Division : Magnoliophyta
Saracenia: North American pitcher plants
VENUS FLY TRAP Dionaea muscipila Ever green , Insectivorous and Perennial Rosettes of six or more with spreading leaves Leaf with two hinged lobes and 15-20 stiff spines Small winter leaf and large summer leaf Leaves: 3” long with 1” trap in winter 6” long with 1.25” trap in summer
Taking just a tenth of a second, the snapping mechanism that a Venus fly trap uses to capture its prey is one of the fastest movements in the plant kingdom. Scientists have long wondered how the plant manages such a feat without muscles or nerves. The answer, according to results published in the journal Nature , is by shape-shifting.
When trigger hairs on the leaves are disturbed, the plant moves moisture in the leaf in response. This, in turn, affects the leaf's curvature. A leaf stretches until reaching a point of instability where it can no longer maintain the strain. Like releasing a reversed plastic lid or part of a cut tennis ball, each leaf folds back in on itself, and in the process of returning to its original shape, ensures the victim in the middle.
Dionaea muscipula Family : Droseraceae Order : Nepenthales Class : Magnoliopsida Division : Magnoliophyta
SUNDEW Drosera capensis Evergreen, Insectivorous and Perennial Rosettes of narrow leave with red tiny tentacles If any fly that lands on the hairy leaves of the sticky sundew its legs are entangled in the glue produced by the sundew’s hairs
Drosera capensis 6” 6-12” Family : Droseraceae Order : Nepenthales Class : Magnoliopsida Division : Magnoliophyta
Cobra Lilies Darlingtonia californica Family : Sarraceniaceae Order : Sarraceniales Class : Magnoliopsida Division: Magnoliophyta
Opening is at the bottom of the hood Insect enters the chamber through this opening Truly translucent patches are called fenestrations Fenestrations provide more light to the trap Insect tries to leave through more light which is not the exit but to the trap. A small amount of liquid is retained at the base of the pitcher
Darlingtonia californica Family : Sarraceniaceae Order : Nepenthales Class : Magnoliopsida Division : Magnoliophyta
BLADDERWORT Utricularia vulgaris DECIDUOUS, PERENNIAL AND FREE FLOATING WATER PLANT FAMILY : LENTIBULARIACEAE ORDER : LAMIALES CLASS : MAGNOLIOPSIDA DIVISION : MAGNOLIOPHYTA
Utricularia vulgaris MINUTE BLADDERS, EACH 2 – 5 mm ACROSS EACH BLADDER HAS INSIDE OPENING LID PARTIAL VACUUM INSIDE INSECT ONCE ENTERED CANNOT ESCAPE TINY GLANDS INSIDE THE BLADDER ABSORB THE INTERNAL WATER AND EXPEL IT ON THE OUTSIDE
Utricularia vulgaris The bladder traps which are up to 5mm in diameter are activated by tiny trigger-hairs at the entrance to the trap. On touching these trigger hairs insects are sucked into the trap by a vacuum at speeds of up to 1/15,000th of a second. Digestive juices released inside the bladders absorb nutrients before the empty insect husk is ejected. Glands inside the bladders then absorb water out of the interior to create a vacuum and thus reset the trap.
COMMON BUTTERWORT Pinguicula vulgaris PERENNIAL AND INSECTIVOROUS YELLOW GREEN LEAVES ( 1 – 2”) WITH ROLLED EDGES LEAVES SECRETE STICKY FLUID THAT CATCHES INSECT SINGLE PURPLE FLOWER , 3 LOBED LOWER LIP AND 2 LOBED UPPER LIP
FAMILY : LENTIBULARIACEAE ORDER : PERSONALES CLASS : MAGNOLIOPSIDA DIVIOSION : MAGNOLIOPHYTA HABITAT:- NORTHERN HEMISPHERE

More Related Content

Part 3: Beauty Botany

  • 1. Part 3: BEAUTIFUL AND WONDERFUL BOTANY By An Admirer Of Nature
  • 2. 350 species of Aristolochia Aristolochia fimbriata Dutchman's pipe native to Argentina. Small flies landing on the erect upper calyx lobe slip down into the inflated, pipe-like chamber below.
  • 3. Dutchman's pipe ( Aristolochia californica ) A native to the Coast Ranges of Central and Northern California, and the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. Family : Aristolochiaceae Order : Aristolochiales Class : Magnoliopsida Division : Magnoliophyta
  • 4. Small flies after landing slip down Wax granules on the inner surface Dense, downward pointing hairs Imprisoned flies get rationed nector Male anthers release pollen several days after the female stigma becomes no longer receptive Hairs wilt and flower tilts horizontally Flies walk out for cross pollination after getting fresh pollen all over the body
  • 5. The bizarre flower of a Brazilian Dutchman's pipe Aristolochia gigantea The front view (left) shows a central yellow spot where an opening leads into an enclosed pouch. The back view (right) superficially resembles a pair of lungs with a canal leading into an inflated, stomach-like pouch. The blossom is over 14 inches (36 cm) long.
  • 6.   Carnivorous Plants Plants that eat animals Insectivorous plants Moor lands or in logy places Soil lack nitrogen and other minerals Aldrovanda, Byblis, Cephalotus, Darlingtonia, Dionaea, Drosera, Drosophyllum, Genlisea, Heliamphora, Nepenthes, Pinguicula, Sarracenia, Triphyophyllum and Utricularia.
  • 7. Nepenthes leaf Normal leaf The basic structure of Nepenthes pitchers
  • 8. Nepenthes rajah Capable of holding 2.5 litres of digestive fluid Pitcher is Up to 35 cm high and 18 cm wide Largest pitcher plant
  • 9. Karst limestone cliffs off the east coast of Misool (one of the four big islands of the Raja Ampat group) are the native habitat to Nepenthes treubiana Pitcher plants:- 100 species S E Asia, Madagascar, Australia & N. America
  • 11. Nepenthes refflesiana A female inflorescence & two male flowers (top) Family : Nepenthaceae Order : Nepenthales Class : Magnoliopsida Division : Magnoliophyta
  • 12. Saracenia: North American pitcher plants
  • 13. VENUS FLY TRAP Dionaea muscipila Ever green , Insectivorous and Perennial Rosettes of six or more with spreading leaves Leaf with two hinged lobes and 15-20 stiff spines Small winter leaf and large summer leaf Leaves: 3” long with 1” trap in winter 6” long with 1.25” trap in summer
  • 14. Taking just a tenth of a second, the snapping mechanism that a Venus fly trap uses to capture its prey is one of the fastest movements in the plant kingdom. Scientists have long wondered how the plant manages such a feat without muscles or nerves. The answer, according to results published in the journal Nature , is by shape-shifting.
  • 15. When trigger hairs on the leaves are disturbed, the plant moves moisture in the leaf in response. This, in turn, affects the leaf's curvature. A leaf stretches until reaching a point of instability where it can no longer maintain the strain. Like releasing a reversed plastic lid or part of a cut tennis ball, each leaf folds back in on itself, and in the process of returning to its original shape, ensures the victim in the middle.
  • 16. Dionaea muscipula Family : Droseraceae Order : Nepenthales Class : Magnoliopsida Division : Magnoliophyta
  • 17. SUNDEW Drosera capensis Evergreen, Insectivorous and Perennial Rosettes of narrow leave with red tiny tentacles If any fly that lands on the hairy leaves of the sticky sundew its legs are entangled in the glue produced by the sundew’s hairs
  • 18. Drosera capensis 6” 6-12” Family : Droseraceae Order : Nepenthales Class : Magnoliopsida Division : Magnoliophyta
  • 19. Cobra Lilies Darlingtonia californica Family : Sarraceniaceae Order : Sarraceniales Class : Magnoliopsida Division: Magnoliophyta
  • 20. Opening is at the bottom of the hood Insect enters the chamber through this opening Truly translucent patches are called fenestrations Fenestrations provide more light to the trap Insect tries to leave through more light which is not the exit but to the trap. A small amount of liquid is retained at the base of the pitcher
  • 21. Darlingtonia californica Family : Sarraceniaceae Order : Nepenthales Class : Magnoliopsida Division : Magnoliophyta
  • 22. BLADDERWORT Utricularia vulgaris DECIDUOUS, PERENNIAL AND FREE FLOATING WATER PLANT FAMILY : LENTIBULARIACEAE ORDER : LAMIALES CLASS : MAGNOLIOPSIDA DIVISION : MAGNOLIOPHYTA
  • 23. Utricularia vulgaris MINUTE BLADDERS, EACH 2 – 5 mm ACROSS EACH BLADDER HAS INSIDE OPENING LID PARTIAL VACUUM INSIDE INSECT ONCE ENTERED CANNOT ESCAPE TINY GLANDS INSIDE THE BLADDER ABSORB THE INTERNAL WATER AND EXPEL IT ON THE OUTSIDE
  • 24. Utricularia vulgaris The bladder traps which are up to 5mm in diameter are activated by tiny trigger-hairs at the entrance to the trap. On touching these trigger hairs insects are sucked into the trap by a vacuum at speeds of up to 1/15,000th of a second. Digestive juices released inside the bladders absorb nutrients before the empty insect husk is ejected. Glands inside the bladders then absorb water out of the interior to create a vacuum and thus reset the trap.
  • 25. COMMON BUTTERWORT Pinguicula vulgaris PERENNIAL AND INSECTIVOROUS YELLOW GREEN LEAVES ( 1 – 2”) WITH ROLLED EDGES LEAVES SECRETE STICKY FLUID THAT CATCHES INSECT SINGLE PURPLE FLOWER , 3 LOBED LOWER LIP AND 2 LOBED UPPER LIP
  • 26. FAMILY : LENTIBULARIACEAE ORDER : PERSONALES CLASS : MAGNOLIOPSIDA DIVIOSION : MAGNOLIOPHYTA HABITAT:- NORTHERN HEMISPHERE