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PERIFERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.pptx

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KashishWilson1

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the portion of the nervous system outside of the central nervous system. It includes sensory receptors, neurons, nerves, ganglia, and plexuses. The nerves of the PNS are classified as either cranial nerves emerging from the brain and brainstem, or spinal nerves emerging from the spinal cord. Nerves are composed of bundles of axons bound by connective tissue. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a division of the PNS that controls glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle to regulate vital functions. The ANS has two subdivisions - the sympathetic division which uses short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers, and the parasympathetic

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THE PERIFERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Presented by:- Kashish Wilson Assistant Professor, MMCP
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 🞇 The (PNS) is that portion of the nervous system outside the central nervous system 🞇 Sensory receptors within the sensory organs, neurons, nerve, ganglia, and plexuses are all part of the PNS 🞇 The nerves of the PNS are classified as;  cranial nerves or spinal nerves,
GENERAL ANATOMY OF NERVES AND GANGLIA 🞇 A nerve is a cordlike organ composed of numerous nerve fibers (axons) bound together by connective tissue. 🞇 Nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous system are ensheathed in Schwann cells, which form a neurilemma and often a myelin sheath around the axon. Nerves has: 🞇 endoneurium, perineurium and epineurium
ANATOMY OF A NERVE
CRANIAL NERVES 🞇 Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain and the brainstem. 🞇 There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, numbered I to XII 🞇 They relay information between the brain and parts of the body. 🞇 Considers to be parts of both CNS and PNS 🞇 They are traditionally classified as sensory, motor or mixed base on their functions.
CRANIAL NERVES
FUNCTIONS OF CRANIAL NERVES
SPINAL NERVES 🞇 There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves: 8 cervical (C1–C8), 12 thoracic (T1–T12), 5 lumbar (L1–L5), 5 sacral (S1–S5), and 1 coccygeal (Co). 🞇 The first cervical nerve emerges between the skull and atlas 🞇 The others emerge through intervertebral foramina, including the anterior and posterior foramina of the sacrum and the sacral hiatus.
PERIFERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.pptx
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS) 🞇 ANS is motor nervous system that controls glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle 🞇 The primary target organs of the ANS are the viscera of the thoracic and abdominal cavities 🞇 Its job is to regulate such fundamental states and life processes as heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, respiratory airflow, pupillary diameter, digestion, energy metabolism, defecation, and urination.
DIVISION OF THE ANS 🞇 The ANS has two subsystems 🞇 Sympathetic 🞇 parasympathetic divisions 🞇 Sympathetic (Thoracolumbar) Division The sympathetic division is also called the thoracolumbar division 🞇 It has relatively short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers
PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION 🞇 The parasympathetic division is also called the craniosacral 🞇 Somas of the preganglionic neurons are located in the pons, medulla oblongata, and segments S2 to S4 of the spinal cord 🞇 The parasympathetic division has long preganglionic fibers reaching almost all the way to the target cells 🞇 short postganglionic fibers that cover the rest of the distance.

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PERIFERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.pptx

  • 1. THE PERIFERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Presented by:- Kashish Wilson Assistant Professor, MMCP
  • 2. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 🞇 The (PNS) is that portion of the nervous system outside the central nervous system 🞇 Sensory receptors within the sensory organs, neurons, nerve, ganglia, and plexuses are all part of the PNS 🞇 The nerves of the PNS are classified as;  cranial nerves or spinal nerves,
  • 3. GENERAL ANATOMY OF NERVES AND GANGLIA 🞇 A nerve is a cordlike organ composed of numerous nerve fibers (axons) bound together by connective tissue. 🞇 Nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous system are ensheathed in Schwann cells, which form a neurilemma and often a myelin sheath around the axon. Nerves has: 🞇 endoneurium, perineurium and epineurium
  • 4. ANATOMY OF A NERVE
  • 5. CRANIAL NERVES 🞇 Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain and the brainstem. 🞇 There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, numbered I to XII 🞇 They relay information between the brain and parts of the body. 🞇 Considers to be parts of both CNS and PNS 🞇 They are traditionally classified as sensory, motor or mixed base on their functions.
  • 8. SPINAL NERVES 🞇 There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves: 8 cervical (C1–C8), 12 thoracic (T1–T12), 5 lumbar (L1–L5), 5 sacral (S1–S5), and 1 coccygeal (Co). 🞇 The first cervical nerve emerges between the skull and atlas 🞇 The others emerge through intervertebral foramina, including the anterior and posterior foramina of the sacrum and the sacral hiatus.
  • 10. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS) 🞇 ANS is motor nervous system that controls glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle 🞇 The primary target organs of the ANS are the viscera of the thoracic and abdominal cavities 🞇 Its job is to regulate such fundamental states and life processes as heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, respiratory airflow, pupillary diameter, digestion, energy metabolism, defecation, and urination.
  • 11. DIVISION OF THE ANS 🞇 The ANS has two subsystems 🞇 Sympathetic 🞇 parasympathetic divisions 🞇 Sympathetic (Thoracolumbar) Division The sympathetic division is also called the thoracolumbar division 🞇 It has relatively short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers
  • 12. PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION 🞇 The parasympathetic division is also called the craniosacral 🞇 Somas of the preganglionic neurons are located in the pons, medulla oblongata, and segments S2 to S4 of the spinal cord 🞇 The parasympathetic division has long preganglionic fibers reaching almost all the way to the target cells 🞇 short postganglionic fibers that cover the rest of the distance.