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PERSIAN: Byzantium

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Dan McDowell

The Byzantine Empire was the eastern half of the Roman Empire that continued after the western half crumbled in the 5th century CE. Emperor Constantine moved the capital to Constantinople to respond to threats from Germanic tribes in the west and the Sasanid Empire in Persia. Under Justinian in the 6th century, General Belisarius recovered territory including North Africa, Italy, and parts of Spain. The Byzantine Empire had an extremely centralized government, a complex bureaucracy, used Greek instead of Latin, and influenced neighboring Slavic peoples through political, commercial, and cultural relations.

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PERSIAN: The Byzantine Empire AP World History
Political Western half of Roman Empire crumbles in 5th century CE (see Bentley, ch. 11) In 4th century, Emperor Constantine makes Constantinople the capital of the empire Respond to danger of Germanic tribes in the north and west and Sasanid Empire in Persia Be close to rich eastern provinces Justinian (527-565 BCE) & Theodora Ruled with absolute power over state and church (“Caesaropapism”) General Belisurius recovers North Africa, Rome, nearly all of Italy, and parts of Spain
 
 
 
Political Extremely centralized state Large and complex bureaucracy (“byzantine”) Theme (province) system Corpus Juris Civilis (“Body of Civil Law”) or Justinian’s Code Single, uniform code of law Served empire for 900 years Marriage, property rights, slavery, inheritance, crimes, and women’s rights
Economic Reliable and productive farming economy Wealthy landowners built large estates worked by dependent peasant class Byzantium served as western anchor of Eurasian trading network Theme system
Religious Distance and lack of contact slowly caused the doctrines and rituals of Western and Eastern Christianity to diverge 1054 churches split - the “Great Schism”
Social Few spoke Latin, spoke Greek Free entertainment enjoyed at the Hippodrome - chariot races, circus acts, athletic matches Through political, commercial, and cultural relations, Byzantium influenced the history and culture of the Slavic peoples in Eastern Europe and Russia
Intellectual Valued education - children sent to monastic or public schools or hired private tutors Classics of Greek and Roman scholarship served as textbooks Preserved many of the great works of Greece and Rome that would later influence the West during the Renaissance
Artistic Beautiful mosaics and tapistries Church of Hagia Sophia (“Holy Wisdom”) Built baths, aqueducts, law courts, schools, and hospitals
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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PERSIAN: Byzantium

  • 1. PERSIAN: The Byzantine Empire AP World History
  • 2. Political Western half of Roman Empire crumbles in 5th century CE (see Bentley, ch. 11) In 4th century, Emperor Constantine makes Constantinople the capital of the empire Respond to danger of Germanic tribes in the north and west and Sasanid Empire in Persia Be close to rich eastern provinces Justinian (527-565 BCE) & Theodora Ruled with absolute power over state and church (“Caesaropapism”) General Belisurius recovers North Africa, Rome, nearly all of Italy, and parts of Spain
  • 3.  
  • 4.  
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  • 6. Political Extremely centralized state Large and complex bureaucracy (“byzantine”) Theme (province) system Corpus Juris Civilis (“Body of Civil Law”) or Justinian’s Code Single, uniform code of law Served empire for 900 years Marriage, property rights, slavery, inheritance, crimes, and women’s rights
  • 7. Economic Reliable and productive farming economy Wealthy landowners built large estates worked by dependent peasant class Byzantium served as western anchor of Eurasian trading network Theme system
  • 8. Religious Distance and lack of contact slowly caused the doctrines and rituals of Western and Eastern Christianity to diverge 1054 churches split - the “Great Schism”
  • 9. Social Few spoke Latin, spoke Greek Free entertainment enjoyed at the Hippodrome - chariot races, circus acts, athletic matches Through political, commercial, and cultural relations, Byzantium influenced the history and culture of the Slavic peoples in Eastern Europe and Russia
  • 10. Intellectual Valued education - children sent to monastic or public schools or hired private tutors Classics of Greek and Roman scholarship served as textbooks Preserved many of the great works of Greece and Rome that would later influence the West during the Renaissance
  • 11. Artistic Beautiful mosaics and tapistries Church of Hagia Sophia (“Holy Wisdom”) Built baths, aqueducts, law courts, schools, and hospitals
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