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PHP 7 Crash Course - php[world] 2015

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Colin O'Dell
Colin O'Dell

The PHP 7 release is just around the corner, bringing some much-desired changes and improvements to the language. However, many developers simply aren't aware of what's coming. We'll remedy this by checking out the new "spaceship operator," demonstrating how static type hints produce clean code, and using anonymous classes to quickly implement interfaces on the fly. Attendees will also learn about breaking changes and "gotchas" to watch out for when making the upgrade and will receive pointers on getting started with PHP 7 today.

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PHP 7 Crash Course Colin O’Dell
Colin O’Dell Lead Web Developer at Unleashed Technologies PHP developer since 2002 Certifications: Symfony and Magento PHP League Member league/commonmark league/html-to-markdown PHP 7 Migration Guide e-book @colinodell / www.colinodell.com
Overview • New Features • Changes & Enhancements • Deprecations • Removed Features • Installing PHP 7
PHP 7 Crash Course - php[world] 2015
New Features
1. Scalar Type Hints
1. Scalar Type Hints Two type checking modes: Weak (“coercive”) Different types are “coerced” (cast) to the desired type Default mode Strong (“strict”) Parameter types must* be identical Must be enabled per-file
1. Scalar Type Hints
1. Scalar Type Hints: Weak / Coercive Type Declaration int float string bool object int yes yes* yes† yes no float yes yes yes† yes no string yes yes yes yes yes‡ bool yes yes yes yes no * Only non-NaN floats between PHP_INT_MIN and PHP_INT_MAX accepted. † If it’s a numeric string ‡ Only if object has a __toString() method
1. Scalar Type Hints: Strong / Strict
1. Scalar Type Hints: Strong / Strict
1. Scalar Type Hints: Strong / Strict
1. Scalar Type Hints: Strong / Strict Type Declaration int float string bool object int yes no no no no float yes* yes no no no string no no yes no no bool no no no yes no * Allowed due to widening primitive conversion
2. Return Type Declarations
2. Return Type Declarations
2. Return Type Declarations - Scalars
2. Return Type Declarations - null 1. Matches behavior of parameter types 2. Guarantees you’ll never get a null value returned
3. Combined Comparison Operator (aka T_SPACESHIP) 3. Spaceship Operator 3. Combined Comparison Operator (expr1) (expr2)
3. Spaceship Operator 3. Combined Comparison Operator (expr1) <=> (expr2) Returns: 0 If both expressions are equal 1 If the left is greater -1 If the right is greater
3. Spaceship Operator 3. Combined Comparison Operator
3. Spaceship Operator 3. Combined Comparison Operator
3. Sorting with T_SPACESHIP
3. Sorting with T_SPACESHIP
Sorting by multiple values
Sorting by multiple values
4. Null Coalesce Operator: ??
5. Unicode Codepoint Escape Syntax ☃ (0x2603)
6. Anonymous Classes
6. Anonymous Classes
6. Anonymous Classes Use Cases: • Creating simple, single-use classes • Quickly implementing a light-weight interface (like a logger or event observer) • Overriding a single field/method of a class without having to subclass it • Mocking tests by creating implementations on-the-fly
7. User-Land CSPRNG API Alternatives: Not cryptographically-secure: rand() mt_rand() Requires an extension: openssl_random_pseudo_bytes() mcrypt_create_iv() Support varies per platform: /dev/arandom /dev/urandom
New Features: Summary We Covered: 1. Scalar Type Hints 2. Return Type Declarations 3. Combined Comparison Operator 4. Null Coalesce Operator 5. Unicode Codepoint Escape Syntax 6. Anonymous Classes 7. User-Land CSPRNG API Other Areas to Explore: Group Use Syntax Closure Call Method Generator Return Expressions Generator Delegation Integer Division Function preg_replace_callback_array IntlChar class
Changes & Improvements
1. Performance 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Drupal 7 WordPress 4.1 Laravel ZF 2 SugarCRM Requests Per Minute PHP 5.6 HHVM PHP 7.0 Source: http://www.zend.com/en/resources/php7_infographic
2. Uniform Variable Syntax
2. Uniform Variable Syntax – PHP 5.x
2. Uniform Variable Syntax – PHP 5.x
2. Uniform Variable Syntax – PHP 7.x
2. Uniform Variable Syntax – PHP 7.x
2. Uniform Variable Syntax – BC Breaks
3. Semi-Reserved Words abstract and array as break callable case catch class* clone const continue declare default die do echo else elseif enddeclare endfor endforeach endif endswitch endwhile exit extends final finally for foreach function global goto if implements include include_once instanceof insteadof interface list namespace new or parent print private protected public require require_once return self static switch throw trait try use var while xor yield
3. Semi-Reserved Words
3. Semi-Reserved Words
3. Semi-Reserved Words
3. Semi-Reserved Words abstract and array as break callable case catch class* clone const continue declare default die do echo else elseif enddeclare endfor endforeach endif endswitch endwhile exit extends final finally for foreach function global goto if implements include include_once instanceof insteadof interface list namespace new or parent print private protected public require require_once return self static switch throw trait try use var while xor yield
4. Error Handling & Exceptions • Fatal & recoverable fatal errors are now thrown like exceptions • You can catch them! • New Throwable interface:
4. Error Handling & Exceptions
5. Filtered unserialize()
5. Filtered unserialize()
Changes & Improvements: Summary We Covered: 1. Performance 2. Uniform Variable Syntax 3. Semi-Reserved Words 4. Error Handling & Exceptions 5. Filtered unserialize() Other Areas to Explore: Abstract Syntax Tree Division By Zero Semantics Expectations Array Constants With define() session_start() options Reflection Enhancements JSON Library Behavior Changes to foreach Behavior Changes to list Parameter Handling Changes Custom Session Handler Return Values Errors on Invalid Octal Literals
Deprecations & Removals
1. Deprecation of PHP 4 Constructors
1. Deprecation of PHP 4 Constructors 1. E_STRICT is no longer emitted when both types are present. 2. E_DEPRECATED emitted whenever any PHP 4-style constructor is used.
2. Deprecation of salt Option for password_hash Image source: preachersinstitute.com
3. Removal of Previously-Deprecated Features 23 deprecated features have been completely removed! Three examples: ext/mysql extension # Old-style comments in php.ini ; (Use new-style comments instead) Advice: check for deprecation warnings in 5.6
4. Removal of Alternative PHP Tags <% // ... %> <%= // ... %> <script language="php"> // ... </script> <? //... ?> <?= //... ?> <?php //... ?>
5. Reclassification of E_STRICT Notices
5. Reclassification of E_STRICT Notices E_ERROR E_WARNING E_PARSE E_NOTICE E_CORE_ERROR E_COMPILE_ERROR E_COMPILE_WARNING E_USER_ERROR E_USER_WARNING E_STRICT E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR E_DEPRECATED E_USER_DEPRECATED
Deprecations & Removals: Summary We Covered: 1. Deprecation of PHP 4 Constructors 2. Deprecation of salt Option for password_hash 3. Removal of Previously-Deprecated Features 4. Removals of Alternative PHP Tags 5. Reclassification of E_STRICT Notices Other Areas to Explore: Removal of Multiple Defaults in Switches Removal of Numeric Hexadecimal String Support Removal of Dead SAPIs and Extensions Removal of the date.timezone Warning
Installing PHP 7
November
Ubuntu Apt Packages Ondřej Surý https://launchpad.net/~ondrej/+archive/ubuntu/php-7.0 sudo apt-get remove php5* sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php-7.0 sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install php7.0 sudo a2enmod php7.0 sudo service apache2 restart
Zend Nightlies http://php7.zend.com/ Binary packages for: CentOS 7 Ubuntu 14.04 Debian 8 Dockerfile Tarballs
Compiling From Source Ubuntu/Debian: • http://www.zimuel.it/install-php-7/ • http://www.hashbangcode.com/blog/compiling-and-installing-php7-ubuntu • https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/install-php-7-on-debian-8-jessie/ OS X: • https://gist.github.com/denji/8e50fcb13482c5d6c78a Windows: • http://www.kshabazz.net/build-php-on-windows.html
phpbrew https://github.com/phpbrew/phpbrew phpbrew update phpbrew install next as php-7.0.0
Additional Resources Official PHP Resources PHP Manual: Migrating from PHP 5.6.x to PHP 7.0.x PHP 7 UPGRADING doc PHP 7 RFCs Community Resources (free & paid) Getting Ready for PHP 7 What to Expect When You’re Expecting: PHP 7, Part 1 What to Expect When You’re Expecting: PHP 7, Part 2 Zend: 5 Things You Must Know About PHP 7 The PHP 7 Revolution: Return Types and Removed Artifacts PHP 7: 10 Things You Need to Know #php7 on Twitter tpunt/PHP7-Reference GoPHP7 Extensions Project Laracasts – PHP 7 Up and Running PHP 7 Upgrade Guide php7book.com/phpworld
Questions?
PHP 7 Crash Course - php[world] 2015
Feedback https://joind.in/14751 @colinodell Thanks!!
PHP 7 Crash Course - php[world] 2015
PHP 7 Crash Course - php[world] 2015

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PHP 7 Crash Course - php[world] 2015

Editor's Notes

  1. 13 years JavaScript, C#, and Java
  2. !!!This talk won’t be exhaustive Most-common things you’ll encounter Get you up-and-running
  3. SCAY-LER PHP 5 – classes, array, and callable PHP 7 – string, bool, int, & float
  4. SCAY-LER
  5. Directive must be on first line; compiler error Because applied per-file: can mix-and-match modes
  6. Directive must be on first line; compiler error Because applied per-file: can mix-and-match modes
  7. Directive must be on first line; compiler error Because applied per-file: can mix-and-match modes
  8. NO FIX SLIDE
  9. CSPRNG NEXT
  10. LAST NEW cryptographically-secure psueod-random number generator vastly simplifies the process of generating high-quality random data On Windows, » CryptGenRandom() will always be used. On Linux, the » getrandom(2) syscall will be used if available. On other platforms, /dev/urandom will be used. If none of the aforementioned sources are available, then an Exception will be thrown.
  11. phpng Using more-compact data structures • Reducing the number of heap allocations and deallocations • Utilizing native thread local storage
  12. Variable-variable syntax
  13. Variable-variable syntax
  14. Variable-variable syntax
  15. Variable-variable syntax
  16. Context-sensitive lexer Properties, constants and methods classes, interfaces and traits
  17. Properties, constants and methods classes, interfaces and traits
  18. If a class is not allowed, PHP will unserialize it as an “incomplete class” object (__PHP_Incomplete_- Class). This is the same behavior PHP already uses when you try to unserialize a class which doesn’t exist.
  19. PHP 5.5
  20. MENTION STABLE RELEASE DATE
  21. 8 days
  22. END OF TALK!