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physical properties of rocks

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HamzaGujjar14

This document discusses the physical properties of rocks. It defines a rock as an aggregate of mineral particles that can be sedimentary, metamorphic, or igneous. Physical properties describe the performance of rocks under different conditions and help classify rocks. These properties include specific gravity, density, porosity, permeability, and electrical/thermal conductivity. Mineralogical composition, structure, and texture also influence the physical properties of a rock. The document provides examples of common rock-forming minerals and explains how properties like density and specific gravity are measured and used to characterize rocks.

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Physical Properties of Rocks Luqman Ahmed Department of Earth Sciences University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
Physical Properties of Rocks Rock • A Rock material is an aggregate of mineral particles • Sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous rocks Physical Properties • The performance of rock, under a particular condition depends upon physical and mechanical properties of rock materials • The physical properties may be known as index properties, which describes the rock material and helps in classifying them Mechanical Properties • The mechanical properties may be known as strength properties and they will give an information about the performance of rock materials, when subjected to a particular loading system.
Physical Properties of Rocks • Mineralogical composition, structure, and texture; • Specific gravity G • Unit weight/ Density • Void ratio e • Porosity n • Moisture content w or m • Degree of saturation, S • Coefficient of Permeability K • Electrical and Thermal Properties • Swelling • Anisotropy • Durability
MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION Main Minerals in all three types of rocks (Sedimentary, Metamorphic and igneous rocks) • Quartz • Feldspar • Mica • Homblende (Amphiboles) • Pyroxene • Olivine • Calcite • Kaolin, and • Dolomite Significance of Mineral Composition • Physical Properties • Mechanical Properties • Hard rocks/ soft rocks
ROCK STRUCTURE & TEXTURE The makeup of rocks from minerals and mineral aggregates. Texture Texture is determined by the dimensions, shape, and interrelationships of the minerals.  Grain size distribution  Fine grained, medium grained, coarse grained  Uniformly grained, well-graded, etc. Porosity, Permeability, density, etc. Structure structure depends on the general features and spatial arrangement of the larger components of the rock  Massive (No discontinuities), lamination, bedding, shearing, etc.
DENSITY, UNIT WEIGHT & SPECIFIC GRAVITY Density Mass per unit volume. 𝜌 = 𝑚 𝑉  Units: g/cm3 , Kg/m3  Dry Density,  Bulk Density  Standard Density What density gives?
DENSITY, UNIT WEIGHT & SPECIFIC GRAVITY Unit weight Weight per unit volume  𝛾 = 𝑊 𝑉 = 𝑚𝑔 𝑉 = 𝜌𝑔  Units: kN/m3  Water 9,800 N/ m3 or 9.81 kN/m3   Specific gravity  Ratio of the density of solids to the density of water.  𝐺 = 𝜌𝑠 𝜌𝑤  SP is also called Relative Density
physical properties of rocks
physical properties of rocks
physical properties of rocks
physical properties of rocks
physical properties of rocks

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physical properties of rocks

  • 1. Physical Properties of Rocks Luqman Ahmed Department of Earth Sciences University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
  • 2. Physical Properties of Rocks Rock • A Rock material is an aggregate of mineral particles • Sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous rocks Physical Properties • The performance of rock, under a particular condition depends upon physical and mechanical properties of rock materials • The physical properties may be known as index properties, which describes the rock material and helps in classifying them Mechanical Properties • The mechanical properties may be known as strength properties and they will give an information about the performance of rock materials, when subjected to a particular loading system.
  • 3. Physical Properties of Rocks • Mineralogical composition, structure, and texture; • Specific gravity G • Unit weight/ Density • Void ratio e • Porosity n • Moisture content w or m • Degree of saturation, S • Coefficient of Permeability K • Electrical and Thermal Properties • Swelling • Anisotropy • Durability
  • 4. MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION Main Minerals in all three types of rocks (Sedimentary, Metamorphic and igneous rocks) • Quartz • Feldspar • Mica • Homblende (Amphiboles) • Pyroxene • Olivine • Calcite • Kaolin, and • Dolomite Significance of Mineral Composition • Physical Properties • Mechanical Properties • Hard rocks/ soft rocks
  • 5. ROCK STRUCTURE & TEXTURE The makeup of rocks from minerals and mineral aggregates. Texture Texture is determined by the dimensions, shape, and interrelationships of the minerals.  Grain size distribution  Fine grained, medium grained, coarse grained  Uniformly grained, well-graded, etc. Porosity, Permeability, density, etc. Structure structure depends on the general features and spatial arrangement of the larger components of the rock  Massive (No discontinuities), lamination, bedding, shearing, etc.
  • 6. DENSITY, UNIT WEIGHT & SPECIFIC GRAVITY Density Mass per unit volume. 𝜌 = 𝑚 𝑉  Units: g/cm3 , Kg/m3  Dry Density,  Bulk Density  Standard Density What density gives?
  • 7. DENSITY, UNIT WEIGHT & SPECIFIC GRAVITY Unit weight Weight per unit volume  𝛾 = 𝑊 𝑉 = 𝑚𝑔 𝑉 = 𝜌𝑔  Units: kN/m3  Water 9,800 N/ m3 or 9.81 kN/m3   Specific gravity  Ratio of the density of solids to the density of water.  𝐺 = 𝜌𝑠 𝜌𝑤  SP is also called Relative Density