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PHYSICAL SCIENCE Q1M1.pptx

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The document discusses the life cycle of stars from their formation to their death. It begins by explaining how stars formed shortly after the Big Bang from clouds of gas and dust called nebulae. Young stars still forming are called protostars. When hydrogen fusion begins, protostars become main sequence stars, which fuse hydrogen into helium in their cores to produce energy. Eventually a star runs out of hydrogen fuel and expands into a red giant. The most massive stars die in supernova explosions, while smaller stars end their lives as white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes.

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PHYSICAL SCIENCE Q1M1.pptx
The World where We Live Today Is Just A Small Part Of Our Universe. In Your Previous Years, You Have Learned About The Different Theories Of The Origin Of The Universe That Eventually Led To The Formation Of Galaxies, Solar System And Other Heavenly Bodies. This Lesson Will Focus On One Of Those Wonderful Things Present In Outer Space, The Stars. Although Stars Are Millions Of Light Years Away From Us, We Can Still See Them Twinkling In The Night Sky. Let’s Find Out How They Emit Light And What Keeps Them Shining For A Long Time.
Scientists believe that the formation of the universe began through the explosion of a primordial atom which happened 13 billion years ago. It is known as the Big Bang. It became a theory that also explains the continuous expansion of the universe. Right after Big Bang, protons and neutrons combined together and formed light elements Hydrogen and Helium in the process of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. Other light elements such as Lithium and Beryllium were also formed during this process.
Stellar Nucleosynthesis The word “stellar” means star and the formation of elements in the center of the star is is called stellar nucleosynthesis. Carl Sagan said that “We are made of star stuff.” What did he mean by that? If we know how some important heavy elements were formed same as stars, that maybe a clue. NEBULA- A nebula is a giant cloud of dust and gas in space. Some nebulae (more than one nebula) come from the gas and dust thrown out by the explosion of a dying star, such as a supernova. Other nebulae are regions where new stars are beginning to form. First stage of a star life cycle. PROTOSTAR-Protostars are young stars within the earliest phase of stellar evolution. When Hydrogen nuclear fusion begins, is the sign that a protostar will transform into the next stage.
Main Sequence Star -Is Any Star That Has A Hot, Dense Core Which Fuses Hydrogen Into Helium To Produce Energy. RED SUPER GIANT- also known as the biggest star in the universe. Red supergiant is an older phase of life for a large star between 8 and 40 solar than the mass of the sun), in which hydrogen fuel in the core has been fusion starts. hydrogen does still fuse in the outer shell of the star. for a star it must be at least 8-10 solar units. stars smaller than that do not become SUPERNOVA- A Supernova Is The Name Given To The Cataclysmic Explosion Of A Massive Star At The End Of Its Life. It Can Emit More Energy In A Few Radiate In Its Lifetime Of Billions Of Years.
BLACK HOLE- Are Points In Space That Are So Dense They Create Deep Gravity Sinks. Beyond A Certain Region, Not Even Light Can Escape The Powerful Tug Of A Black Hole's Gravity. And Anything That Ventures Too Close—be It Star, Planet, Or Spacecraft—will Be Stretched And Compressed Like Putty In A Theoretical Process Aptly Known As Spaghettification. NEUTRON STAR- Any Of A Class Of Extremely Dense, Compact Stars Thought To Be Composed Primarily Of Neutrons. Neutron Stars Are Typically About 20 Km (12 Miles) In Diameter. Their Masses Range Between 1.18 And 1.97 Times That Of The Sun, But Most Are 1.35 Times That Of The Sun. RED GIANT - Is A Star In Its Death Stages. It Has Slowly Swollen Up Original Size. Once At The Red Giant Stage, A Star Might Stay That Way Years. Then The Star Will Slowly Contract And Cool To Become A White
WHITE DWARF- What Stars Like The Sun Become After They Have Exhausted Their Nuclear Fuel. Near The End Of Its Nuclear Burning Stage, This Type Of Star Expels Most Of Its Outer Material, Creating A Planetary Nebula. The White Dwarf Is Considered “Dead” Because Atoms Inside Of It No Longer Fuse To Give The Star Energy. But It Still “Shines” Because It Is So Hot. Eventually, It Will Cool Off And Fade From View. Our Sun Will Reach This Death About 8 Billion Years From Now. BLACK DWARF- Is A White Dwarf That Has Cooled Down To The Temperature Of The Cosmic Microwave Background, And So Is Invisible.
HOW IS THE ENERGY OF STAR PRODUCE? Stars produce their energy through nuclear fusion. For most stars, this process is dominated by a process called the "proton-proton chain," a sequence of events that transforms four hydrogen atoms into one helium atom. HYDROGEN AND HELIUM – major component of a star In main sequence star, hydrogen fuses and converted to helium, carbon element is produced from helium gas at its core. HELIUM Is the second-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen. STAR - Is a huge luminous ball of hot gas such as hydrogen and helium.

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PHYSICAL SCIENCE Q1M1.pptx

  • 2. The World where We Live Today Is Just A Small Part Of Our Universe. In Your Previous Years, You Have Learned About The Different Theories Of The Origin Of The Universe That Eventually Led To The Formation Of Galaxies, Solar System And Other Heavenly Bodies. This Lesson Will Focus On One Of Those Wonderful Things Present In Outer Space, The Stars. Although Stars Are Millions Of Light Years Away From Us, We Can Still See Them Twinkling In The Night Sky. Let’s Find Out How They Emit Light And What Keeps Them Shining For A Long Time.
  • 3. Scientists believe that the formation of the universe began through the explosion of a primordial atom which happened 13 billion years ago. It is known as the Big Bang. It became a theory that also explains the continuous expansion of the universe. Right after Big Bang, protons and neutrons combined together and formed light elements Hydrogen and Helium in the process of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. Other light elements such as Lithium and Beryllium were also formed during this process.
  • 4. Stellar Nucleosynthesis The word “stellar” means star and the formation of elements in the center of the star is is called stellar nucleosynthesis. Carl Sagan said that “We are made of star stuff.” What did he mean by that? If we know how some important heavy elements were formed same as stars, that maybe a clue. NEBULA- A nebula is a giant cloud of dust and gas in space. Some nebulae (more than one nebula) come from the gas and dust thrown out by the explosion of a dying star, such as a supernova. Other nebulae are regions where new stars are beginning to form. First stage of a star life cycle. PROTOSTAR-Protostars are young stars within the earliest phase of stellar evolution. When Hydrogen nuclear fusion begins, is the sign that a protostar will transform into the next stage.
  • 5. Main Sequence Star -Is Any Star That Has A Hot, Dense Core Which Fuses Hydrogen Into Helium To Produce Energy. RED SUPER GIANT- also known as the biggest star in the universe. Red supergiant is an older phase of life for a large star between 8 and 40 solar than the mass of the sun), in which hydrogen fuel in the core has been fusion starts. hydrogen does still fuse in the outer shell of the star. for a star it must be at least 8-10 solar units. stars smaller than that do not become SUPERNOVA- A Supernova Is The Name Given To The Cataclysmic Explosion Of A Massive Star At The End Of Its Life. It Can Emit More Energy In A Few Radiate In Its Lifetime Of Billions Of Years.
  • 6. BLACK HOLE- Are Points In Space That Are So Dense They Create Deep Gravity Sinks. Beyond A Certain Region, Not Even Light Can Escape The Powerful Tug Of A Black Hole's Gravity. And Anything That Ventures Too Close—be It Star, Planet, Or Spacecraft—will Be Stretched And Compressed Like Putty In A Theoretical Process Aptly Known As Spaghettification. NEUTRON STAR- Any Of A Class Of Extremely Dense, Compact Stars Thought To Be Composed Primarily Of Neutrons. Neutron Stars Are Typically About 20 Km (12 Miles) In Diameter. Their Masses Range Between 1.18 And 1.97 Times That Of The Sun, But Most Are 1.35 Times That Of The Sun. RED GIANT - Is A Star In Its Death Stages. It Has Slowly Swollen Up Original Size. Once At The Red Giant Stage, A Star Might Stay That Way Years. Then The Star Will Slowly Contract And Cool To Become A White
  • 7. WHITE DWARF- What Stars Like The Sun Become After They Have Exhausted Their Nuclear Fuel. Near The End Of Its Nuclear Burning Stage, This Type Of Star Expels Most Of Its Outer Material, Creating A Planetary Nebula. The White Dwarf Is Considered “Dead” Because Atoms Inside Of It No Longer Fuse To Give The Star Energy. But It Still “Shines” Because It Is So Hot. Eventually, It Will Cool Off And Fade From View. Our Sun Will Reach This Death About 8 Billion Years From Now. BLACK DWARF- Is A White Dwarf That Has Cooled Down To The Temperature Of The Cosmic Microwave Background, And So Is Invisible.
  • 8. HOW IS THE ENERGY OF STAR PRODUCE? Stars produce their energy through nuclear fusion. For most stars, this process is dominated by a process called the "proton-proton chain," a sequence of events that transforms four hydrogen atoms into one helium atom. HYDROGEN AND HELIUM – major component of a star In main sequence star, hydrogen fuses and converted to helium, carbon element is produced from helium gas at its core. HELIUM Is the second-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen. STAR - Is a huge luminous ball of hot gas such as hydrogen and helium.