Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
SlideShare a Scribd company logo

Poverty

•Download as PPTX, PDF•
•
madan kumar
madan kumar

This document discusses poverty in India, including definitions, characteristics of poor people, measures used to identify poverty, and government policies and programs aimed at poverty alleviation. It notes that over 20% of India's population lives below the poverty line, with rural areas and certain states having higher rates of poverty than others. Government programs discussed include rural employment generation, food security initiatives, social security programs, and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. While these programs have helped reduce poverty levels, shortcomings include benefits not reaching the poorest and an insufficient scale compared to the magnitude of poverty in India.

Related slideshows

Slides on poverty as a challenge
Slides on poverty as a challengeSlides on poverty as a challenge
Slides on poverty as a challenge
 
POVERTY IN INDIA
POVERTY IN INDIAPOVERTY IN INDIA
POVERTY IN INDIA
 
Poverty In India
Poverty In IndiaPoverty In India
Poverty In India
 
1 of 26
Class XII INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 1
poverty • Poverty is not only a challenge for India, as more than one-fifth of the world’s poor live in India alone; but also for the world, where about 300 million people are not able to meet their basic needs. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 2
Meaning • Poverty refers to a state in which an individual is unable to fulfil even the basic necessities of life. The minimum requirements included food, clothing, housing, education and health facilities. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 3
Who are poor? • Starvation and hunger are the key features of the poorest house-holds. The poor lack basic literacy and skills and have very limited economic opportunities. Poor people also face unstable employment. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 4
Poor in Urban and Rural areas • Urban areas - ? • Rural areas – landless, two days meals, lack basic literacy and skill and have very limited economic opportunities. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 5
Characteristics of Poor People • Hunger and starvation • Poor health • Debt trap • Weak bargaining power • Lack of facilities of electricity and water • Gender inequality • Identification on the basis of occupation • Migration to urban areas. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 6
Measures of Poverty • Relative poverty is also interpreted in terms of inequality of income within the country ..in India, share of 20 % of low income group of people in the national income is barely 8.5% while that of 20 % of high income group of people is 46.2 % • Absolute poverty in India, persons who spend ₹816 on consumption in rural areas and 1000 in urban areas per month at 2011-2012 prices are treated as those below the poverty line (Calorie intake) Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 7
How are poor people identified ? • In pre independent India , Dadabhai Naoroji was the first to discuss the concept of a poverty line ..jail cost of living…he assumed that one-third population consisted of children and half of them consumed very little while the other half consumed half of adult diet…three forth of the adult jail cost living • in post independence • 1962 – the planning commission formed study group • 1979 – task force on projection of Minimum needs and Effective Consumption Demand • 1989 and 2005- expert group Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 8
Categorizing poverty • The chronic poor, transient and non poor • Poor and non poor Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 9
• Chronic poor- who are always poor sometimes have a little more money • Transient poor- regularly move in and out of poverty • Non poor – never poor • Poor – the absolutely poor Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 10
Poverty line • Monthly Per Capita Expenditure • Calories in take = 2400 calories for rural person 2100 calories for urban person • 2011 -12 =₹ 816 rural area ₹1000 urban area Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 11
• Limitation of poverty Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 12
Poor in India • Head count ratio • The official data given by Planning commission it is estimated on the basis of consumption expenditure data collected by NSSO • In 1973-74 more than 320 million people were BPL that is 55% of total population • 2011 – 12 come down to 270 million i.e 22 % of total population Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 13
• 1990s the absolute poor in rural area declined but urban increased marginally • The gap between rural and urban areas of absolute poverty was same in 1999-2000 and has widened in 2011 – 12 • Odisha, Madhya Pradesh , Bihar and Uttar Pradesh are still far above the national poverty level. • West Bengal and Tamil Nadu reduced Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 14
Causes of poverty • Impact of British rule in Indian economy-India started exporting food gains and as a result as as many as 26 million people died in famines between 1875 and 1900 • Economic condition of farmers since independence and sate indebtedness • High growth rate of poplution • Widespread of unemployment • Low level of capital formation Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 15
• Lack of infrastructure • Inequalities of income and wealth • Rise in general price level • Lower level of education • Social factors • Political factor • Improper utilisation of resources Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 16
Measures to remove poverty • Solving poverty by accelerating the pace of economic growth • Solving poverty by reduction in inequalities of income and wealth Fiscal measures Legislative measures • Solving poverty through popluation control Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 17
Other measures • Agricultural development • Control over inflation • Increasing in generation of employment opportunities • Minimum needs programme for the poor • Regional balanced growth • Development of industries • Public distribution system should be strengthened • Provision of social security Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 18
Policies and programmes towards poverty alleviation • Growth oriented approach  rapid increase in GDP and per capita income Rapid industrial development Populaation control Benefits of economic growth have not trickled down Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 19
Specific poverty alleviation programme • Rural employment generation programme- khadi and village industries commission • Prime minister’s rozgar yojana –VIII plan 7 lakh micro enterprices – 2003-2005, 3.5 million people got employment • Swarna jayanti shahari rozgar yojana – centre sate ratio 75:25 .in DEC. 1997 urban self emplyment programme and urban wage employment programme started Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 20
• Swarnajayanti gram swarozgar yojana –April 1 1999- micro enterprise-SHG- National rural livelihood mission • Sampoorna grameen rozgar yojana – Sep 2001 – wage employment – unskilled workers – shared by centre and state • Mahatma gandhi national rural emeployment gurantee act, 2005- NREGS Feb 2006,-National food for work programme Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 21
Meeting minimum needs of poor • Through public expenditure on social consumption needs • Improvement in health and education • This approach – fifth five year plan • Three major food and nutritinal status are PDS , Integrated Child Development Scheme and Mid day meals scheme. • PMGY • Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana • Pradhan Mnatri Gramodaya Yojana (Gramin Awas) • Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya yojana –Rural drinking water projects Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 22
Social Security Programmes • National Old Age Pension Scheme • National Family Benefit Scheme • National Maternity Benefit Scheme • Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana – 2014- • 1 lakh accident insurance and ₹30000 life insurance Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 23
Critical evaluation of PAP • Achievements Brought down BPL from 37.2%in 2004-05 to about 28% in 2011-12 Wage rate have increased due to legislative measures The three approch reduces poverty level. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 24
• Shortcomings of PAPs  due to unequal distributionof land and oter assets the benefits form direct poverty alleviation programmes have been appropriated by the non poor Compared to the magnitude of poverty , programme is not sufficient These programme are depend on government and banks ---- Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 25
Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 26

More Related Content

Poverty

  • 1. Class XII INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 1
  • 2. poverty • Poverty is not only a challenge for India, as more than one-fifth of the world’s poor live in India alone; but also for the world, where about 300 million people are not able to meet their basic needs. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 2
  • 3. Meaning • Poverty refers to a state in which an individual is unable to fulfil even the basic necessities of life. The minimum requirements included food, clothing, housing, education and health facilities. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 3
  • 4. Who are poor? • Starvation and hunger are the key features of the poorest house-holds. The poor lack basic literacy and skills and have very limited economic opportunities. Poor people also face unstable employment. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 4
  • 5. Poor in Urban and Rural areas • Urban areas - ? • Rural areas – landless, two days meals, lack basic literacy and skill and have very limited economic opportunities. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 5
  • 6. Characteristics of Poor People • Hunger and starvation • Poor health • Debt trap • Weak bargaining power • Lack of facilities of electricity and water • Gender inequality • Identification on the basis of occupation • Migration to urban areas. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 6
  • 7. Measures of Poverty • Relative poverty is also interpreted in terms of inequality of income within the country ..in India, share of 20 % of low income group of people in the national income is barely 8.5% while that of 20 % of high income group of people is 46.2 % • Absolute poverty in India, persons who spend ₹816 on consumption in rural areas and 1000 in urban areas per month at 2011-2012 prices are treated as those below the poverty line (Calorie intake) Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 7
  • 8. How are poor people identified ? • In pre independent India , Dadabhai Naoroji was the first to discuss the concept of a poverty line ..jail cost of living…he assumed that one-third population consisted of children and half of them consumed very little while the other half consumed half of adult diet…three forth of the adult jail cost living • in post independence • 1962 – the planning commission formed study group • 1979 – task force on projection of Minimum needs and Effective Consumption Demand • 1989 and 2005- expert group Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 8
  • 9. Categorizing poverty • The chronic poor, transient and non poor • Poor and non poor Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 9
  • 10. • Chronic poor- who are always poor sometimes have a little more money • Transient poor- regularly move in and out of poverty • Non poor – never poor • Poor – the absolutely poor Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 10
  • 11. Poverty line • Monthly Per Capita Expenditure • Calories in take = 2400 calories for rural person 2100 calories for urban person • 2011 -12 =₹ 816 rural area ₹1000 urban area Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 11
  • 12. • Limitation of poverty Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 12
  • 13. Poor in India • Head count ratio • The official data given by Planning commission it is estimated on the basis of consumption expenditure data collected by NSSO • In 1973-74 more than 320 million people were BPL that is 55% of total population • 2011 – 12 come down to 270 million i.e 22 % of total population Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 13
  • 14. • 1990s the absolute poor in rural area declined but urban increased marginally • The gap between rural and urban areas of absolute poverty was same in 1999-2000 and has widened in 2011 – 12 • Odisha, Madhya Pradesh , Bihar and Uttar Pradesh are still far above the national poverty level. • West Bengal and Tamil Nadu reduced Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 14
  • 15. Causes of poverty • Impact of British rule in Indian economy-India started exporting food gains and as a result as as many as 26 million people died in famines between 1875 and 1900 • Economic condition of farmers since independence and sate indebtedness • High growth rate of poplution • Widespread of unemployment • Low level of capital formation Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 15
  • 16. • Lack of infrastructure • Inequalities of income and wealth • Rise in general price level • Lower level of education • Social factors • Political factor • Improper utilisation of resources Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 16
  • 17. Measures to remove poverty • Solving poverty by accelerating the pace of economic growth • Solving poverty by reduction in inequalities of income and wealth Fiscal measures Legislative measures • Solving poverty through popluation control Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 17
  • 18. Other measures • Agricultural development • Control over inflation • Increasing in generation of employment opportunities • Minimum needs programme for the poor • Regional balanced growth • Development of industries • Public distribution system should be strengthened • Provision of social security Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 18
  • 19. Policies and programmes towards poverty alleviation • Growth oriented approach  rapid increase in GDP and per capita income Rapid industrial development Populaation control Benefits of economic growth have not trickled down Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 19
  • 20. Specific poverty alleviation programme • Rural employment generation programme- khadi and village industries commission • Prime minister’s rozgar yojana –VIII plan 7 lakh micro enterprices – 2003-2005, 3.5 million people got employment • Swarna jayanti shahari rozgar yojana – centre sate ratio 75:25 .in DEC. 1997 urban self emplyment programme and urban wage employment programme started Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 20
  • 21. • Swarnajayanti gram swarozgar yojana –April 1 1999- micro enterprise-SHG- National rural livelihood mission • Sampoorna grameen rozgar yojana – Sep 2001 – wage employment – unskilled workers – shared by centre and state • Mahatma gandhi national rural emeployment gurantee act, 2005- NREGS Feb 2006,-National food for work programme Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 21
  • 22. Meeting minimum needs of poor • Through public expenditure on social consumption needs • Improvement in health and education • This approach – fifth five year plan • Three major food and nutritinal status are PDS , Integrated Child Development Scheme and Mid day meals scheme. • PMGY • Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana • Pradhan Mnatri Gramodaya Yojana (Gramin Awas) • Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya yojana –Rural drinking water projects Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 22
  • 23. Social Security Programmes • National Old Age Pension Scheme • National Family Benefit Scheme • National Maternity Benefit Scheme • Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana – 2014- • 1 lakh accident insurance and ₹30000 life insurance Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 23
  • 24. Critical evaluation of PAP • Achievements Brought down BPL from 37.2%in 2004-05 to about 28% in 2011-12 Wage rate have increased due to legislative measures The three approch reduces poverty level. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 24
  • 25. • Shortcomings of PAPs  due to unequal distributionof land and oter assets the benefits form direct poverty alleviation programmes have been appropriated by the non poor Compared to the magnitude of poverty , programme is not sufficient These programme are depend on government and banks ---- Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A., 25