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Poverty1 130925071737-phpapp01

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Garima Dhawan

Poverty is defined as not having enough money to meet basic needs like food, shelter, and clothing. However, the World Bank describes poverty as being much more - it is hunger, lack of healthcare access, lack of education, unemployment, and living in constant fear. The document then discusses various causes of poverty in India like rapidly rising population, low agricultural productivity, underutilized resources, low economic growth rates, rising prices, unemployment, lack of capital and entrepreneurship, and social and political factors like the backward social system and British colonial exploitation. It also outlines government programs introduced in five-year plans to reduce poverty through employment generation and development initiatives.

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Poverty1 130925071737-phpapp01
Poverty is not having enough money to meet basic needs - food, clothing and shelter. However, poverty is more, much more than just not having enough money. The World Bank describes poverty as: “Poverty is hunger. Poverty is lack of shelter. Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a doctor. Poverty is not having access to school and not knowing how to read. Poverty is not having a job, is fear for the future, living one day at a time.”
Relative Poverty The economic conditions of different regions or countries is compared. The capita income and the national income are the two indicators of relative poverty. According to the UNO those countries are treated poor whose per capita income is less than US $725 per annum. Absolute poverty refers to the measure of poverty , keeping in view the per capita intake of calories and minimum level of consumption . per capita income : National income Population Absolute Poverty
Rapidly Rising Population: The population during the last 45 years has increased at the rate of 2.2% per annum. On average 17 million people are added every year to its population which raises the demand for consumption goods considerably. Low Productivity in Agriculture: The level of productivity in agriculture is low due to subdivided and fragmented holdings, lack of capital, use of traditional methods of cultivation, illiteracy etc. This is the main cause of poverty in the country.
Under Utilized Resources: The existence of under employment and disguised unemployment of human resources and under utilization of resources has resulted in low production in agricultural sector. This brought a down fall in their standard of living. Low Rate of Economic Development: The rate of economic development in India has been below the required level. Therefore, there persists a gap between level of availability and requirements of goods and services. The net result is poverty.
Price Ri$e: The continuous and steep price rise has added to the miseries of poor. It has benefited a few people in the society and the persons in lower income group find it difficult to get their minimum needs. Unemployment: The continuously expanding army of unemployed is another cause of poverty. The job seeker is increasing in number at a higher rate than the expansion in employment opportunities.
Shortage of Capital and Able Entrepreneurship: Capital and able entrepreneurship have important role in accelerating the growth. But these are in short supply making it difficult to increase production significantly. Social Factors: The social set up is still backward and is not conducive to faster development. Laws of inheritance, caste system, traditions and customs are putting hindrances in the way of faster development and have aggravate" the problem of poverty.
Political Factors: The Britishers started lopsided development in India and reduced Indian economy to a colonial state. They exploited the natural resources to suit their interests and weaken the industrial base of Indian economy. In independent India, the development plans have been guided by political interests. Hence, the planning a failure to tackle the problems of poverty and unemployment.
Poverty1 130925071737-phpapp01
The Government, of India took certain measures to reduce poverty, inequality of income and wealth in its five year plan periods. Followings are some steps taken by the Government, from time to time.  Integrated Rural Development Programme(IRDP)  National Rural Employment Programme (NREP)  Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP)
 Jawahar Rozgar Yojana  Training of Rural Youth for Self-Employment  Development of Women and Children.  Drought Prone Area Programme  Desert Development Programme  Minimum Needs Programme  Employee Guarantee Scheme
 Employment Exchanges  Development of Animal Husbandry and Agriculture  Employment Assurance Scheme  Prime Minister's Rozgar Yojana (PMRY)  Prime Minister's Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Program (PMIUPEP)  Self-Employment Programmes  The Swaran Jayanti Rozgar Yojana  Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana  Antyodya Anna Yojana.
Poverty1 130925071737-phpapp01
Referred websites – WWW.Preservearticles .com WWW .Slide share.com WWW.Google images.com
Poverty1 130925071737-phpapp01

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Poverty1 130925071737-phpapp01

  • 2. Poverty is not having enough money to meet basic needs - food, clothing and shelter. However, poverty is more, much more than just not having enough money. The World Bank describes poverty as: “Poverty is hunger. Poverty is lack of shelter. Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a doctor. Poverty is not having access to school and not knowing how to read. Poverty is not having a job, is fear for the future, living one day at a time.”
  • 3. Relative Poverty The economic conditions of different regions or countries is compared. The capita income and the national income are the two indicators of relative poverty. According to the UNO those countries are treated poor whose per capita income is less than US $725 per annum. Absolute poverty refers to the measure of poverty , keeping in view the per capita intake of calories and minimum level of consumption . per capita income : National income Population Absolute Poverty
  • 4. Rapidly Rising Population: The population during the last 45 years has increased at the rate of 2.2% per annum. On average 17 million people are added every year to its population which raises the demand for consumption goods considerably. Low Productivity in Agriculture: The level of productivity in agriculture is low due to subdivided and fragmented holdings, lack of capital, use of traditional methods of cultivation, illiteracy etc. This is the main cause of poverty in the country.
  • 5. Under Utilized Resources: The existence of under employment and disguised unemployment of human resources and under utilization of resources has resulted in low production in agricultural sector. This brought a down fall in their standard of living. Low Rate of Economic Development: The rate of economic development in India has been below the required level. Therefore, there persists a gap between level of availability and requirements of goods and services. The net result is poverty.
  • 6. Price Ri$e: The continuous and steep price rise has added to the miseries of poor. It has benefited a few people in the society and the persons in lower income group find it difficult to get their minimum needs. Unemployment: The continuously expanding army of unemployed is another cause of poverty. The job seeker is increasing in number at a higher rate than the expansion in employment opportunities.
  • 7. Shortage of Capital and Able Entrepreneurship: Capital and able entrepreneurship have important role in accelerating the growth. But these are in short supply making it difficult to increase production significantly. Social Factors: The social set up is still backward and is not conducive to faster development. Laws of inheritance, caste system, traditions and customs are putting hindrances in the way of faster development and have aggravate" the problem of poverty.
  • 8. Political Factors: The Britishers started lopsided development in India and reduced Indian economy to a colonial state. They exploited the natural resources to suit their interests and weaken the industrial base of Indian economy. In independent India, the development plans have been guided by political interests. Hence, the planning a failure to tackle the problems of poverty and unemployment.
  • 10. The Government, of India took certain measures to reduce poverty, inequality of income and wealth in its five year plan periods. Followings are some steps taken by the Government, from time to time.  Integrated Rural Development Programme(IRDP)  National Rural Employment Programme (NREP)  Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP)
  • 11.  Jawahar Rozgar Yojana  Training of Rural Youth for Self-Employment  Development of Women and Children.  Drought Prone Area Programme  Desert Development Programme  Minimum Needs Programme  Employee Guarantee Scheme
  • 12.  Employment Exchanges  Development of Animal Husbandry and Agriculture  Employment Assurance Scheme  Prime Minister's Rozgar Yojana (PMRY)  Prime Minister's Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Program (PMIUPEP)  Self-Employment Programmes  The Swaran Jayanti Rozgar Yojana  Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana  Antyodya Anna Yojana.
  • 14. Referred websites – WWW.Preservearticles .com WWW .Slide share.com WWW.Google images.com